• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Korea agricultural productions and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - This study utilized time series data of economic growth, greenhouse gas, agricultural productions, trade dependency, and energy usages. In order to econometric procedure of EKC hypothesis, this study utilized unit root test and cointegration test to check staionarity of each variable and also adopted Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to analyze the short and long run relationships. Findings - In the short run, greenhouse gas emissions resulting from economic growth show an inverse U-shape relationship, and an increase in agricultural production and energy consumption led to increase in greenhouse gas emission. In the long run, total GHG emissions and CO2 emissions show an N-shaped relationship with economic growth, and an increase in agricultural production has resulted in a decrease in total GHG and CO2 emissions. However, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions showed an inverse U-shape relationship with economic growth, which indicated the environment and production process of agricultural production. Research implications or Originality - Korea agricultural production has different effects on the GHG emission sources, and in particular, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions show to increase as the agricultural production expansions, so policy or technological development in related sector is required. Especially, in the context of the 2030 GHG reduction road-map, if GHG-related reduction technologies or policies are spread, national GHG emission reduction targets can be achieved and this is possible to predict the decline in production in the sector and damage to the related industries.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.59-86
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• 2013

1988년부터 2008년까지의 자료를 바탕으로 우리나라 6개 권역을 대상으로 권역별 소득, 환경규제, 오염유발원이 각 권역별 대기오염 물질(황산화물, 질소산화물, 총먼지, 일산화탄소)에 미치는 영향을 지역적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 즉, 환경 쿠즈네츠 곡선(EKC)가설 검증차원에서 공해배출과 경제성장 간의 관계를 패널회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 산업시설에 영향을 미치고 있는 황산화물(SOx)의 경우 대부분의 권역에서 EKC가설이 성립하는 것으로 나타났지만, 질소산화물(NOx)과 총먼지(TSP)의 경우 6개 권역 중 대경권에서만 EKC가설이 성립하는 것으로 나타났 으며, 일산화탄소(CO)의 경우에도 EKC가설을 충족시키는 권역은 중부권, 호남권, 동남권에 한정되어 있었다. 또한 각 권역별 대기오염 단속규제가 대기오염과 정(+)의 관계를 보임에 따라 환경규제효과가 나타난다고 보기 어려우며, 각 권역별 연료소비와 석유화학제품의 특화 또한 권역별 대기오염을 증가시키는 주요 요인으로 작용하고 있다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.667-688
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• 2014

본 연구는 우리나라의 지역별 $CO_2$ 배출량과 지역별 GRDP데이터를 사용하여 EKC(Environment Kuznets Curve)를 검증하였다. 이 분석을 위해서 1990년부터 2010년 기간 동안 우리나라의 15개 광역지방자치단체를 대상으로 한 패널데이터를 구축하였다. 지역별 $CO_2$ 배출량에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 일인당 GRDP, 인구, 총요소생산성 등을 고려하였다. 그리고 이러한 요인들이 $CO_2$ 배출량에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 역 U자형 가설이 성립하는지를 검증하였다. 본 연구에 사용한 분석 방법은 Lantz and Feng(2006)에서와 마찬가지로 패널 GLS 모델을 사용하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 우리나라의 경우 EKC 가설이 성립하지 않았지만 총요소생산성의 경우에는 $CO_2$ 배출량과 역 U자형 관계가 성립하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 특히 기술 진보를 대변하는 총요소생산성이 증가할수록 $CO_2$ 배출량이 증가하지만 일정수준 이후에는 $CO_2$ 배출량이 감소한다는 것이다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

In this paper, the relationship between energy consumption in the logistics industry and economic growth of Tumen River region from 1995 to 2014 is empirically analyzed by using the EKC model theory. The results show that there is a turning point in the Kuznets curve of carbon emission in TumenRiverregion. And it has the characteristic sof "invertedU" curve, which conforms to the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Meanwhile it is stil lintherisingstage. According to the analysis results, it is proposed to set up the concept of low carbon logistics, optimize the energy structure, strengthen the information construction, and establish low-carbon development mechanism and so on.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.583-593
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• 2021

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of economic growth (per capita real GDP), the square of per capita real GDP, energy use, financial development (FD), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on ecological footprint (EF) in the case of Malaysia over the period 1971-2014, by employing the ARDL approach. The long-run results revealed that economic growth has a significant positive impact on the ecological footprint and it implies that the economic growth deteriorates the environmental quality in Malaysia. Conversely, the square of GDP showed a negative and significant impact on the EF in the long run. As the coefficient of GDP in our study is positive and statistically significant while the coefficient of squared GDP is negatively significant, thus, this study supports the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the case of Malaysia. Furthermore, the result indicates that FDI has a positive and significant impact on the EF in the long run, which means a rise in FDI will enhance the environmental pollution level. Thus, it confirms the pollution haven hypothesis. Hence, it suggests that Malaysia imposes stricter environmental policies. Further, FDI and FD are causing GDP in Malaysia, but through increasing EF.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.377-396
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• 2002

This paper investigates whether an inverted U relationship between pollution and economic development could be found in the Seoul metropolitan region using a panel data for the period of 1985~1999. We uses a model with a more flexible random coefficients specification which allows for a greater degree of regional heterogeneity. The emissions of sulfur dioxidetotal($SO_2$), suspended particulates(TSP), nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$), and carbon monoxide(CO) were selected as four major pollutants. We found that the emissions of these pollutants per capita except sulfur dioxidetotal exhibited inverted U shapes with per capita gross regional domestic product (GRDP). We also noted that the turning points for Seoul metropolitan region occured at a range of incomes, from $3,000 to $5,000 per capita.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2020

This study analyzed whether the diffusion of new and renewable energy contributed to mitigating emissions of various air pollutants, including particulate matter, using panel econometric models. The theoretical foundation of such econometric models is based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relation between national income and environmental pollution, as originally proposed by Grossman and Krueger. We examined whether there are inverted U-, U-shaped, or N-shaped relations between national income and air pollution. We demonstrate that increases in new and renewable energy significantly mitigated emissions of CO, NO_X, and PM2.5. Additionally, we included NO_X, SO_X, PM10, and VOCs as secondary emission sources of PM2.5 and found that emission of PM10 resulted in the highest PM2.5 emissions, followed by NO_X and SO_X emissions. The impact of new and renewable energy on air pollution varied across regions. Increase of new and renewable energy in the Honam region significantly mitigated CO, NO_X, and TSP emissions, while that in the Youngnam and metropolitan areas did not significantly mitigate air pollution overall. There was a U-shaped relationship between air pollution and national income for CO, NO_X, PM2.5, and SO_X, while an inverted N-shape was observed for PM10.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

The study makes an attempt to investigate the causal nexus between carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population with an evidence from Rwanda by employing a time series data spanning from 1965 to 2011 using the autoregressive distributed lag model. Evidence from the study shows that carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population are co-integrated and have a long-run equilibrium relationship. Evidence from the Granger-causality shows a unidirectional causality running from industrialization to GDP per capita, population to carbon dioxide emissions, population to GDP per capita and population to industrialization. Evidence from the long-run elasticities has policy implications for Rwanda; a 1% increase in GDP per capita will decrease carbon dioxide emissions by 1.45%, while a 1% increase in industrialization will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 1.64% in the long-run. Increasing economic growth in Rwanda will therefore reduce environmental pollution in the long-run which appears to support the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. However, industrialization leads to more emissions of carbon dioxide, which reduces environment, health and air quality. It is noteworthy that the Rwandan Government promotes sustainable industrialization, which improves the use of clean and environmentally sound raw materials, industrial process and technologies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2017

Environmental awareness and its relation to the development of economy has garnered increased attention in recent years. Researchers, over the years, have argued that sustainable development warrants for minimizing environmental degradation since one depends on the other. This study analyzes the relationship between environmental degradation (carbon emission taken as proxy for degradation), economic growth, total energy consumption and industrial production index growth in Bangladesh from year 1998 to 2013. This study uses Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model and variance decomposition of VAR to analyze the effect of these variables on carbon emission and vice-versa. The findings of VAR model suggest that industrial production and GDP per capita has significant relationship with carbon emission. Further analysis through variance decomposition shows carbon emission has consistent impact on industrial production over time, whereas, industrial production has high impact on emission in the short run which fades in the long run which is consistent with Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Carbon emission rising along with GDP per capita and at the same time having low impact in the long run on industrial index indicates there may be other sources of pollution introduced with the rise in income of the economy over time.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. The data used in the study are time-series data for the period 1985-2017; the data utilized are sourced from World Development Indicators obtained on the World Bank database. The method uses a quantitative approach that applies the vector error correction model based on the Granger causality test. The empirical results reveal that, in the short run, there is evidence that urbanization and energy consumption can causes CO2 emissions, and they also prove that urbanization can cause energy consumption. Also, other findings prove the existence of long-run relationships flowing from energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions toward urbanization, as well as the existence of the relationship flowing from urbanization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions towards energy consumption. The results of testing the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions reveal that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is proven in Indonesia. Thus, policies are needed to limit the impact of urbanization through high awareness-raising to maintain environmental quality and greater use of energy. Also, energy conservation policies are needed in all sectors, especially the electricity, industry, and transportation sectors.