• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.31.1-31.10
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• 2023

Background: With modernization, air pollution has become increasingly serious, and its effects on health have been revealed. As a result, public interest in environmental pollution has become critical for regulating air pollution. In our study, we aim to evaluate the impact of air pollution levels on public attention to environmental issues and examine whether awareness of the residential environment's impact on health acts as a mediator in this relationship. Methods: We conducted an analysis on 400 individuals surveyed in the preliminary feasibility study on adverse health effects in the Pohang Industrial Complex, to examine the relationship between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and attention to environmental issues. Logistic regression analysis was performed, and mediation analysis was used to determine whether awareness of the residential environment's impact on health mediated the relationship. Results: The logistic regression analysis results showed that PM2.5 levels were associated with attention to environmental issues (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-3.5; p = 0.003) and awareness of health impacts (AOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.6-7.1; p = 0.001). The PM2.5 levels showed 9.9% (95% CI: 5.4-14.0) increase in the prevalence of high attention to environmental issues, of which, only 1.0% (95% CI: 0.2-2.3) were mediated by health impact awareness. In the overall analysis, 10% of the total effect of PM2.5 on attention to environmental issues was mediated by health impact awareness. Conclusions: According to this study's results, there was a correlation between air pollution levels and attention to environmental issues. Awareness of the health impacts of air pollution partially mediated the effect of air pollution levels on attention to environmental issues. In future studies, it is recommended to identify other mediators to further understand this structure.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.928-941
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• 2016

유선 데이터 네트워크(wired data network) 영역에서 가장 많은 에너지를 요구하는 영역은 액세스 네트워크(access network) 영역이다. 오늘날 그린 네트워킹(Green networking)은 유선 데이터 네트워크에서도 통합적인 에너지 관리를 통해 에너지 낭비와 $CO_2$ 배출 감소를 유도하기 위해 주요 관심분야가 되었다. 그러나 유선 액세스 네트워크의 에너지 소모량과 $CO_2$ 배출에 의한 환경적 영향에 대해서는 널리 알려져 있지 않으며, 그에 따른 범용적이고 정량적인 평가 기준도 매우 부족하다. 본 논문에서는 유선 액세스 네트워크의 에너지 소모량을 추정하는 기존의 모델링 기법들의 문제점을 비교 분석하고 하향식(top-down) 접근법을 이용하여 대규모 유선 액세스 네트워크의 에너지 소모량을 추정하는 모델링 기법을 제안한다. 또한 제안 모델로부터 도출된 추정치를 이용하여 액세스 네트워크들이 환경에 미치는 영향도를 산출하는 모델을 제안한다. 그리고 실제 사례를 적용하여 기존 모델과 제안 모델로부터 산출한 추정치와 해당 사례에 대한 기존의 조사와 실측 데이터와 비교 평가 한다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

Atmospheric N deposition has far-reaching impacts on forest ecosystems, including on-site impacts such as soil acidification, fertilization, and nutrient imbalances, and off-site environmental impacts such as nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission. Although chronic N deposition has been believed to lead to forest N saturation, recent evidence suggests that N retention capacity, particularly in the forest floor, can be surprisingly high even under high N deposition. This review aims to provide an overview of N retention processes in the forest floor and the implications of changing C-N interactions for C sequestration. The fate of available N in forest soils has been explained by the competitive balance between tree roots, soil heterotrophs, and nitrifiers. However, high rates of N retention have been observed in numerous N addition experiments without noticeable increases in tree growth and soil respiration. Alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain the gap between the input and loss of N in N-enriched, C-limited systems, including abiotic immobilization and mycorrhizal assimilation, both of which do not require additional C sources to incorporate N in soil N pools. Different fates of N in the forest floor have different implications for C sequestration. N-induced tree growth can enhance C accumulation in tree biomass as observed across temperate regions. C loss from forests can amount to or outweigh C gain in N-saturated, declining forests, while another type of 'C-N decoupling' can have positive or neutral effects on soil C sequestration through hampered organic matter decomposition or abiotic N immobilization, respectively.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-165
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• 2017

This study quantitatively assessed the environmental impacts of fuel cell (FC) systems by performing life cycle assessment (LCA) and analyzed their energy efficiencies based on energy return on investment (EROI) and electrical energy stored on investment (ESOI). Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) system and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system were selected as the fuel cell systems. Five different paths to produce hydrogen ($H_2$) as fuel such as natural gas steam reforming (NGSR), centralized naptha SR (NSR(C)), NSR station (NSR(S)), liquified petroleum gas SR (LPGSR), water electrolysis (WE) were each applied to the FCs. The environmental impacts and the energy efficiencies of the FCs were compared with rechargeable batteries such as $LiFePO_4$ (LFP) and Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH). The LCA results show that MCFC_NSR(C) and PEMFC_NSR(C) have the lowest global warming potential (GWP) with 6.23E-02 kg $CO_2$ eq./MJ electricity and 6.84E-02 kg $CO_2$ eq./MJ electricity, respectively. For the impact category of abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP), MCFC_NGSR(S) and PEMFC_NGSR(S) show the lowest impacts of 7.42E-01 g Sb eq./MJ electricity and 7.19E-01 g Sb eq./MJ electricity, respectively. And, the energy efficiencies of the FCs are higher than those of the rechargeable batteries except for the case of hydrogen produced by WE.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2009

Livestock manure is an important source of nutrients for crop production. However, farmers typically do not know the exact nutrient values for livestock manure. In many instances, manure has been viewed as a waste, and as a result it is applied close to the source resulting in over application of nutrients. Thus, the goal of nutrient application has often been applied to reduce the application expense rather than to maximize crop income. This results in wasted money and potentially negative impacts on water quality. Several livestock manure management scenarios were created based on agronomic nutrient requirements using the Utilization of Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient (AMANURE) software to investigate water quality impacts with the National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW modeling system. Application of manure at agronomic rates can result in high nitrate-nitrogen losses for some soil types, especially when applied in late fall. The application of manure at an agronomic rate does not necessarily equate to adequate water quality protection, and farmers must take care applying manure at agronomic rates, because nitrate-nitrogen loss potential varies spatially and temporarily. Nutrient loss probability maps for Indiana at 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% values were created to demonstrate potential water quality impacts when livestock manure is applied to cropland at agronomic rates. The NAPRA WWW system coupled with AMANURE can be used to identify site-specific livestock manure management plans that are environmentally sound and agronomically appropriate.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.523-534
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• 1998

설악산국립공원 내설악지구의 6개 주요 등산로에 대해 이용강도에 따른 등산로 및 주변 환경훼손상태를 조사하였다. 총 29.2km, 132개 지점에서 등산로 상태를 조사한 바, 등산로폭, 나지노출폭, 등산로물매 등에서 이용강도에 따른 차이가 인정되었다. 훼손유형의 출현빈도는 암석노출, 뿌리노출, 종식, 분기 등의 순으로 이들 훼손지점의 등산로상태는 건전한 지점과 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며, 또한 각 등산로에서의 건전지점들은 훼손지점들에 비해 대체로 표고가 낮은 곳에 나타났다. 전반적으로 등산로 훼손에 미치는 이용영향은 외설악 지구 등산로에 비해 훨씬 적었다. 주연부 상층식생의 우점종은 등산로별로 달랐으며 하층식생은 계곡부에서는 조록싸리, 생각나무, 사면부에서는 철쭉꽃이 우점종이었다. 종다양도 및 주연부 하층식생의 피도는 이용강도가 낮은 오세암등산로에서 가장 높았으며, 등산로간 하층식생의 종구성은 대체로 이질적이었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.241-251
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• 1994

덕유산 국립공원 등산로 및 야영장과 주변환경의 훼손에 대한 이용영향을 파악하기 위하여 4개의 주요 등산로와 덕유대야영장을 대상으로 1993년에 조사를 실시하였다. 등산로폭, 나지노출폭, 최대 깊이 및 등산로물매는 이용강도에 따른 차이가 인정되었다. 총 28km, 106개 조사지점에서 관찰된 훼손형태는 암석노출, 종침식, 뿌리노출등의 비율이 높았고 훼손된 지점의 등산로상태는 건전한 지점과 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 백련등산로가 가장 훼손이 심화되고 있으며 환경피해도 4등급 이상의 면적이 910$m^2$/km에 이르며 야영장에서도 이용압력과 훼손이 증가하고 있었다. 주연부의 상층 및 하층수관의 우점수종은 백련등산로에서 졸참나무 및 당단풍, 나머지 등산로에서는 모두 신갈나무 및 미역줄나무였으며, 이용강도의 차이가 있는 등산로간의 하층수종을 비교할 때 당단풍, 졸참나무, 개옻나무, 쇠물푸레나무, 조록싸리, 국수나무, 노린재나무 등이 이용영향에 대한 내성이 큰 수종으로 나타났다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2024

수문 순환의 중요한 구성 요소인 유역 유출량은 기후변동과 인간 활동의 영향으로 전 세계 많은 유역에서 크게 변화되고 있다. 기후변동과 인간 활동으로 변화되고 있는 유역 유출량에 대한 분석은 수자원 관리에 있어서 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 5개 권역의 109개 중권역의 유출량 자료를 대상으로 기후변동과 인간 활동이 유역 유출량에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 유역 유출량 자료에 대하여 Pettitt 검정을 수행하여 분석 기간을 나누었으며, Budyko 기반 기후 탄력성 방법을 이용하여 기후변동과 인간 활동이 유역 유출량의 변화에 미치는 영향을 구분하였다. 본 연구 결과, 중권역마다 유역 유출량 변화에 기후변동과 인간 활동이 미치는 상대적인 기여도가 다양하게 나타났으며, 중권역별로 유역 유출량의 변화에 지배적인 영향을 주는 요인이 무엇인지 파악하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 기후변동과 유역 개발 계획에 따른 유역 유출량 변화를 예측할 수 있도록 하며, 이는 가뭄이나 홍수 등 수문 재해의 위험을 줄이기 위한 수자원 관리 계획을 수립하는데 중요한 정보가 될 것이다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) has been used to establish environmental quality standards or evaluate ecological risk in site-specific areas. The scope of ERA was expanded based on regions, and the concept of regional-scale ecological risk assessment was recently introduced in developed countries. In the present study, regional ERA approaches of relative risk model (RRM), contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (CATS) model, and procedure for ecological tired assessment of risks (PETAR) in advanced countries were extensively investigated. Regional ERA was compared with traditional ERA process. Stressors, receptor and response in traditional ERA were replaced with sources of stressors, habitats, and ecological impacts, respectively in regional ERA. This study introduces the concept and assessment process of regional ERA, and provides a wide perspective how the relative ERA could be applied in Korean ecosystem.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1986

The degree of air pollution is usually presented in terms of concentration. But, in evaluating the environmental impacts or air pollution control policies, the concentration values need to be interpreted in terms of damage effects on property and human health. The damage effect varies with the types of pollution, subjects and land use pattern of an affected area. Therefore, this study is aimed at developing a method of analyzing effects of various types of air pollutions on surrounding environmental setting with the EIMS (Environmental Information Management System) developed for land suitability analysis. Using the method formulated in this study, the long- term effects of such pollutants as $SO_2$ and HF on types of vegetation and residents, and potential, short-term effects of HCl leak accidents from manufacturing facilities in Ulsan and Onsan Industrial complex are analyzed. The presentation of the damage effects of air pollution rather than the concentration of pollutants will be useful for the preparation of environmental impact statements, the formulation of environmental policies, and the development of land use plans in heavily industrialized areas.