• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

School Crime Prevention Throgh Environmental Design (CPTED) is in the process of building a design guide through a lot of research. However, it is common practice to conduct consulting through existing cases and utilize internal self-evaluation through similar projects, as the self-evaluation criteria are not open to public or unlike other certifications. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of a more quantitative and objective practical manual by analyzing the evaluation elements of school crime prevention environment design provided by guidelines and guidelines of various organizations and local autonomous bodies involved in school design. As a result of quantifying the school facilities CPTED indicators so far and incorporating the current guidelines, 'Surveillance and access control' of 'Entrance space and parking space' is found to be main. If the various indicators presented above are applied in consideration of the specificity of the school facilities in the application of the school CPTED technique, in addition to the CPTED for physically preventing offenses committed by outsiders, it can be expected to prevent violence among students or social crimes in school education.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2013

Generally, mass concrete structural behavior is governed by the strain components. However, relevant guidelines in dam engineering evaluate the structural behavior of concrete dams using stress-based criteria. In the present study, strain-based criteria are proposed for the first time in a professional manner and their applicability in seismic failure evaluation of an arch dam are investigated. Numerical model of the dam is provided using NSAD-DRI finite element code and the foundation is modeled to be massed using infinite elements at its far-end boundaries. The coupled dam-reservoir-foundation system is solved in Lagrangian-Eulerian domain using Newmark-${\beta}$ time integration method. Seismic performance of the dam is investigated using parameters such as the demand-capacity ratio, the cumulative inelastic duration and the extension of the overstressed/overstrained areas. Real crack profile of the dam based on the damage mechanics approach is compared with those obtained from stress-based and strain-based approaches. It is found that using stress-based criteria leads to conservative results for arch action while seismic safety evaluation using the proposed strain-based criteria leads to conservative cantilever action.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

도로건설에 대한 환경영향평가제도는 대부분의 사업이 타당성조사와 병행하여 실시하지 않고 계획이 확정된 후 사업실시단계에서 주로 오염의 저감방안을 검토하고 있어 입지의 타당성 등 근본적인 친환경적인 개발의 유도에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 9개의 사전환경성 검토요소에 대한 지리정보체계의 공간분석기능을 도입하였으며, 개별 요소들의 평가결과를 통한 종합적인 검토를 수행할 수 있도록 사전 환경성검토 GIS 의사결정시스템을 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 사전환경성 검토 GIS 의사결정시스템과 기 구축된 GIS 데이터 활용을 통해 환경성 검토에 객관성 충족 및 시간비용 절감이 기대되어 사업초기에 도로 노선선정 시 사전환경성 검토에 활용 가능할 것이다. 또한, 본 연구에서 개발된 시스템을 통하여 수치적이고 시각적인 자료를 활용한 평가로 주민의 합의를 보다 용이하게 이끌어 낼 수 있고, 사업초기에 비용과 시간을 절감하면서 도로건설에 따른 환경성을 검토할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.407-415
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to survey the use of a evaluation tools of clinical competency for nursing students. The sample consisted of the departments of nursing in 14 universities and 20 Junior colleges of nursing. Data analysis was done by frequency, percentages and factor analysis. The results of the study were as follows : 1. A common measurement tools for evaluation in the clinical area was used by 74.4% of universities and Junior colleges of nursing. Only 0-4.5% of Junior colleges of nursing and 1.5-7.4% of universities used a evaluation tools developed according to their major. 2. Theoretically, 3% of those sampled applied the nursing process as an instrumental means of nursing practice. Bloom's theory was applied by 35.8% of the schools. Most of them used their own measurement tools for evaluating their students. 3. One half of them used quantitative scales, the other half used others. 4. Professional attitudes wire included in their contents bvy 93.9% of universties and 94.1% of Junior colleges of nursing. The major areas of evaluation were knowledge, skills, attitudes and interpersonal relationships in that order. Results ; From this study can be concluded that regardless of the number of academic years of nursing and professional area, common standard evaluation tools for nursing competency were found to be needed. Theoretically, an evaluation scheme which applies the nursing process should be required. Knowledge, skill, attitude and interpersonal relationship would be essential elements to be evaluated. Maximizing the clinical competency and minimizing the conflict elements for nursing students is important. Nursing, education, students and environmental aspects must be consider in the goal of clinical education. A diagram, a checklist and a anecdote note in addition to the quantitative scale are necessary for efficient evaluation.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2011

This paper is an inquiry into the human sensibility on view from high-rise housing in a viewpoint of architectural environment design that pay attention to multi-family high-rise housing which is becomes a trend in recent years. And this paper is the fundamental approach for applying this result to later architectural environmental plan of multi-family high-rise housing. In this paper, we used repertory grid method as a cognitive psychological way of analysis and eye mark recorder measurement experiments as a physiological way of examination. In the conclusions, examined human sensibilities on views-focused on the analysis result of eye mark recorder measurement experiments through repertory grid method that are carried on the main subject-and described problems after this and possibilities in the same time.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Recent developments in contactless, air-coupled sensing of seismic and ultrasonic waves in concrete structures are presented. Contactless sensing allows for rapid, efficient and consistent data collection over a large volume of material. Two inspection applications are discussed: air-coupled impact-echo scanning of concrete structures using seismically generated waves, and air-coupled imaging of internal damages in concrete using ultrasonic tomography. The first application aims to locate and characterize shallow delamination defects within concrete bridge decks. Impact-echo method is applied to scan defected concrete slabs using air coupled sensors. Next, efforts to apply air-coupled ultrasonic tomography to concrete damage imaging are discussed. Preliminary results are presented for air-coupled ultrasonic tomography applied to solid elements to locate internal defects. The results demonstrate that, with continued development, air-coupled ultrasonic tomography may provide improved evaluation of unseen material defects within structures.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

In a rural house, it is necessary to make a quality model that choose effective design value engineering. So more effective models, this study examine requests of a rural house project designers, constructors, and tenants. Checked items are classified into four groups that working area, dwelling area, constructive and environmental parts. Each groups are also divided into detailed items for basic decisional elements. When basis points sets 10, it can be divided that working area parts 3pts, dwelling area parts 2.5pts, constructive parts 3pts and environmental parts 1.5pts. In this results, we can make a proposal of evaluation on additive value quality model for a rural house in design value engineering.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

With increasing population densities in cities, underground facilities and entertainment locations are proliferating at a rapid pace in efforts to maximize the use of land. The purpose of this study is to evaluate CO concentration level of subway stations having underground platforms in Busan Metropolitan City, from September to November 2000, over seven times. The places of inquiry include Yonsan-dong station, Somyon station, Busan station, Nampo-dong station and Dusil station. The samplings were conducted at three points of each station, i.e. gates, ticket gates, and platforms. The component of CO concentration is the main elements of indoor air quality evaluation. The total concentrations and average concentrations of CO were the higher at the Somyon station. The distribution of CO concentrations at each station, generally was higher at gate than ticket gates and platforms. The I/O ratios(I-platforms, 0-gates) were expressed highly than 1 at the Yonsan-dong station, Busan station, Nampo-dong station and were lower than 1 at the others.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2002

There have been endeavors for sustainable development all over the world after the Rio World Summit and the idea of sustainable development has become common paradigm. Now, Korea has come to a situation where we need to apply the concept of sustainable development inevitably. Especially housing estate development must be preliminary change for sustainable development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to establish sustainable planning element system of housing estate, and to propose a sustainable planning model compatible with the Korean situation. The scope of this study focused on typical multi-family housing estates in Korea and the environmental sustainable planning model. The model was developed from the evaluation of the important level and extra costs of planning elements for sustainable development of housing estate. The important level of planning principles and elements was analyzed by conducting a survey to experts. As the results of this study, four planning section ('land use and transport', 'pollution and waste', 'energy', and 'natural resource') and twelve planning items were identified. Twenty-one planning principles and fifty-five planning elements were found. Synthetically, the sustainable planning element system is composed of four planning sections, twelve planning items, twenty-one planning principles, and fifty-five planning elements. Based on survey to experts, $\ulcorner$The short-term strategic model$\lrcorner$ was developed for the social implosion of sustainable development, which is composed of ten basic elements, eighteen necessary elements, twelve optional elements, and seven arbitrary elements. $\ulcorner$The long-term future model$\lrcorner$was developed for application to from 10 to 15 years later. It is composed of fifteen basic elements, thirty-three necessary elements, and seven optional elements. The planning model proposed by this study can be used as a prototype for the development of a sustainable housing estate and can provide a practical tool for developers and planners who are not familiar with the concept of sustainable development.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.660-667
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• 2008

During the last two decades, lots of efforts have been devoted to resolve thermal stratification phenomenon and primary water environment issues. While several effective methods were proposed especially in related to thermally stratified flow analyses and corrosive material resistance experiments, however, lack of details on specific stress and fatigue evaluation make it difficult to quantify structural behaviors. In the present work, effects of the thermal stratification and primary water are numerically examined from a structural integrity point of view. First, a representative austenitic nuclear piping is selected and its stress components at critical locations are calculated in use of four stratified temperature inputs and eight transient conditions. Subsequently, both metal and environmental fatigue usage factors of the piping are determined by manipulating the stress components in accordance with NUREG/CR-5704 as well as ASME B&PV Codes. Key findings from the fatigue evaluation with applicability of pipe and three-dimensional solid finite elements are fully discussed and a recommendation for realistic evaluation is suggested.