• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) consists of highly effective prescription medications for treating menopausal symptoms; however, these agents have exhibited side effects including the risk of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. Therefore, interest in phytotherapy-based materials as a natural source of alternatives to estrogen therapy has increased. However, some of these herbal medicines have been reported to increase the risk of estrogen-induced cancer. Herbal formulations composed of a combination of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley (CW), Phlomis umbrosa Turczaninow (PU), and Angelica gigas Nakai (AG) extracts (CPAE) have been used for treating menopausal symptoms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the safety of CPAE by determining its potential adverse estrogenic activity using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 455 (TG455) in a stably transfected transcriptionally activated human estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ ($hER{\alpha}$)-HeLa9903 cell model. We found that CPAE did not how any estrogenic activity or stimulate promoters containing estrogen response elements in MCF-7 cells. In addition, CPAE showed no significant selective activity against $hER{\alpha}$ and $hER{\beta}$, non-selective activity against the ER, or effects on ER target gene expression. Furthermore, CPAE did not significantly induce MCF-7 cell proliferation and uterine weight increase in ovariectomized rats. These results demonstrate that CPAE can be used as beneficial herbal drug for prevention and therapeutic intervention of estrogen carcinogenesis in menopausal women.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2014

The eco-friendly elements are important for new construction and renovation and redevelopment of the buildings. The green buildings are related with minimizing environmental pollution and how to live with nature throughout the entire process of demolishing and building. The purpose of this paper is to study on eco-friendly business buildings in the trend of mandatory green building certification system. The analysis of this paper is comparative studies on practices at eleven domestic eco-friendly business buildings through site survey on design framework of green buildings. The design framework of eleven this buildings is six kinds of skills on technical, renewable, ecological, cultural, healthy, social. The eleven this buildings in the new & renewable energy and IT technology of technical sector are satisfied with the framework. But, domestic most advanced eco-friendly business buildings are placed difference between almost the two times on the lower buildings at comparative evaluation. The three of this buildings are gratified rainwater harvesting and waste recycling systems for renewable and recycle. The buildings have an excellent aspects of technology and ecology. The benefits of this buildings are related with future compulsory zero energy house to take technical advantage of renewable energy. However, the buildings reflecting the regional culture types is insufficient. The buildings should be supplemented as follows. This buildings are need to have the social enhancement programs and design for convenient space of community residents, through health and comfort of on workplace. Moreover, this buildings have features of coexisting with human beings and nature friendly with the aim of realizing the sustainable development. The social enhancement programs through regional cultural aspects with ecology are related with individual and community livings in harmony, non-hierarchical communal lifes. The development of the cultural aspects provide for consensus about the local community and creating sustainable communities. Thus, The buildings are to have energy saving, pleasant and healthy living environment and interactive individual and community livings in harmony.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.388-398
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• 2004

본 논문은 인터넷 상의 다수의 참여자가 분산가상환경에서 협업을 수행하는 경우 발생되는 전송 메시지트래픽을 조절하는 기법에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 가상환경에서 교환되는 정보의 양을 줄이는 방법을 상태 갱신메시지 필터링 기법이라고 부르며 이는 가상환경의 확장성을 향상시키는데 필수적인 처리과정이다. 대표적인 필터링 방법인 공간분할 기법은 전체 환경에서 작은 관심영역으로 분할하여 일관성이 유지되어야 하는 영역의 크기를 조절하는 방법을 사용하여 메시지 트래픽을 줄인다. 기존의 공간분할 기법은 시뮬레이션 이전에 관심영역에 대한 정보가 결정되어 사용되므로 동적 환경변화에 대한 적응성과 융통성이 부족하다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 관심영역 관리방법을 시스템 수행중에 재구성함으로써 적응성을 높인 동적 관심 영역 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 환경변화요소를 반영하기 위하여 제안된 모델은 관심영역의 다중분할과 다중 일관성 유지 알고리즘의 사용하여 효율적인 시스템 자원 소비를 가능하게 하였다. 제안된 기법의 성능평가를 위하여 가상으로 아바타의 행위를 발생시키고 갱신 메시지 트래픽을 측정하여 기존 모델과 비교하였다. 결론적으로, 제안된 모델은 다수의 참여자의 수용이 요구되는 MMORPG나 가상커뮤니티 시스템의 관심 영역 관리 시스템에 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.71-111
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 공공도서관의 무한창조공간에서 시행하기에 적합한 프로그램을 개발하고, 프로그램의 시범운영을 통하여 창의성 증진의 효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 충북에 소재한 J도서관의 무한창조공간에서 '그림책 제작활동' 프로그램을 운영하고, 이 프로그램에 참여한 초등 3~6학년 학생 18명을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 창의성을 측정하기 위하여 사용한 것은 Torrance가 개발한 TTCT(The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking) 언어검사도구이다. 그 결과, 첫째, 프로그램 전 과정을 통해 환경과학에 대한 흥미 및 중요성에 대한 인식이 향상되었고, 둘째, 브레인스토밍 등을 통해 주어진 문제에 대한 해결방안을 도출하는 경험으로 문제해결능력이 향상되었으며, 셋째, 환경과 관련된 전문지식을 이야기로 풀어내는 스토리텔링 능력이 향상되었다. 넷째, 창작활동을 통해 참여자 개인별 창의력이 향상되었을 뿐만 아니라 다섯째, 참여어린이들의 창작활동 결과물을 책으로 발행함으로써 어린이들의 자존감이 향상되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 실내조경공간에서의 수경시설의 도입이 이용자의 심리 및 생리에 미치는 효과를 정량적으로 분석하는 것이었다. 실험을 위해 실내에 식물로 구성된 조경공간과 수경시설이 추가된 조경공간을 조성하였다. 피험자에게 스트레스를 부여하고, 각각의 공간에서 휴식을 취하게 한 뒤 생리 및 심리적 변화를 비교한 결과, 수경시설이 설치된 조경공간에서 휴식을 취했을 때가 수축기 확장기 혈압이 유의하게 낮아졌다. SD법에 의한 의미평가에서도 수경시설이 설치된 공간이 '활기'와 '동적임', '생명력'과 '유쾌함' 등과 같은 긍정적인 의미를 주는 것으로 나타났으며, POMS(Profile of Mood States)에서는 수경요소가 심리적으로 피로 감소 및 활력 증강에 기여하였다. 이를 통해 실내조경에서 수경시설의 도입은 혈압 감소라는 생리적 변화에 기여하며, 심리 및 기분변화에도 긍정적인 효과를 보임으로써 건강에 편익을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1845-1850
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• 2014

철도 운영측면에서 비용을 최소화하는 최적노선을 설계하기 위해서는 다양한 지형 위에 설계기준에 맞는 노선을 배치하여야 하며, 절토량과 성토량을 최소화 하거나 이 둘의 합을 균형화 하여 공사비용을 최소화하고 있다. 열차의 효율적인 운행을 가능하게 하는 노선의 설계는 다양한 변수의 해 공간을 모두 고려하여야하기 때문에 조합최적화의 문제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, 공사비를 최소화 하는 최적 철도 노선을 설정하기 위한 수리적 모형을 개발하였으며, Genetic Algorithm을 사용한 문제의 해석을 하였고, Algorithm과 결과를 활용한 철도 최적 노선 설계 개념을 정립하였다. 그리고 가상의 구간에 대한 사례적용을 통하여 본 연구에서 제시하고 있는 방법론에 대하여 평가하여 성토량과 절토량을 균형화 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 실제적으로 수명 동안의 에너지 비용이 공사비보다 높은 현실에서 철도노선설계의 최적화 과정에서 중요하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urban park and the green spaces within the public service framework. It was investigated by identifying the priority elements as defined by the residents and to figure out the differences of residents' satisfaction for the parks in new and old downtown. This study surveyed 455 residents from 80 dong (neighborhoods) of 5 Gu(districts) in Daejon. In this study, satisfaction on the urban parks and the green spaces in the old downtown was compared with the new town area. The results were as follows: Those who lived in the new downtown areas showed higher satisfaction than those in the old downtown for the urban parks and the green spaces, as well as in all 8 other evaluation sections. Both new and old downtown residents scored high on the 'city landscape and the natural environment' and 'green spaces and facilitats' items, but scored low on 'citizen's respect' and 'acceptance of resident opinions'. The old downtown residents highly valued on easy access to the parks, while the new downtown residents focused on various activities and programs, as well as resident participation, as the parks. The variables affected the resident's satisfaction on the urban parks in old downtown areas consisted of 'information', 'diversity', 'supply decision'. Among these variables, 'diversity' had the most significant influence on the satisfaction level.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to establish a model of cultural sustainability in the traditional village. Cultural sustainability is being advanced by promoting the viability of traditional arts and the unique regional features of traditional culture, such as folklore, traditional landscapes, buildings and other environments of outstanding historical value. These cultural resources were also created or occurred at specific geographic locations at certain points in time by different individuals. The content of this study was to develop a model using indicators for cultural sustainability, and to apply and evaluate the model. In older to evaluate the model, Sonwon-ri village in Yongchon, located in Kyungsangbuk-do, was selected as the case study area. The major findings are as follows: 1) Sonwon-ri village has maintained the vernacular landscape except at the entrance of village. Also, the village people have pride and have adapted to the natural environment. 2) Sonwon-ri village has a self-sustaining system and circular network within its environmental capacity. Sonwon-ri village has many historical sites and buildings such as important folk resources, cultural assets, traditional houses and pavilions. 3) The people how the theory of fens-shui which interprets the location of village in relationship to a crane mountain with the village situated as a crane head. These symbolic and cultural elements have an important role in establishing the boundary of the village. From the research it can be seen that Sonwon-ri village kept many cultural sustainability indicators in terms of active factors, physical factors and psychological factors. By analysing the participation of different scientific disciplines and identifying disciplinary categories, this study provides a basis for understanding how cultural sustainability is subjected to research in the field of landscape planning and design.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

Purpose: Korean society has already entered an aged society but there aren't many evidence-based studies on the elderly-friendly design elements in the apartment environment, which is the main residential type in Korea. The main purpose of this study is to verify the necessity and expandability of the outdoor environment design in the public rental apartment complex through the evaluation of the effectiveness and satisfaction of SMG(Seoul Metropolitan Government) Cognitive Health Design Project in GR 1 apartment complex. Methods: The research subjects were GR 1-complex as experimental group and the nearby Wolgye Deer 1-complex as control group, both public rental apartment and located in Seoul. As a research method, the survey was conducted before and after the implementation of SMG project for residents of the apartment. A total of 200 preliminary surveys and 203 post surveys were conducted. Results: As a result of this study, residents' accidents related safety have decreased, and both the frequency of use and satisfaction of most facilities have increased. It is noteworthy that the increase in cognitive items in the post-survey. Also, 74.5% of the residents evaluated that the complex was better to live after the project was implement. Implications: The fact that the preliminary surveys were not conducted for the same person is considered as the limitation of the study, but it is meaningful in that it systematically assesses the effectiveness of the project on the cognitive health of the outdoor residential environment towards age-friendly city.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study estimated the load effect of a single heavy truck to develop a live load model for the design and assessment of bridges located on an expressway with a limited truck entry weight. METHODS : The statistical estimation methods for the live load effect acting on a bridge by a heavy vehicle are reviewed, and applications using the actual measurement data for trucks traveling on an expressway are presented. The weight estimation of a single vehicle and its effect on a bridge are fundamental elements in the construction of a live load model. Two statistical estimation methods for the application of extrapolation in a probabilistic study and an additional estimation method that adopts the extreme value theory are reviewed. RESULTS : The proposed methods are applied to the traffic data measured on an expressway. All of the estimation methods yield similar results using the data measured when the weight limit has been relatively well observed because of the rigid enforcement of the weight regulation. On the other hand, when the estimations are made using overweight traffic data, the resulting values differ with the estimation method. CONCLUSIONS : The estimation methods based on the extreme distribution theory and the modified procedure presented in this paper can yield reasonable values for the maximum weight of a single truck, which can be applied in both the design and evaluation of a bridge on an expressway.