• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2016

Recently, non-standard techniques of web like Active-X caused not only user inconvenience but also barriers to the business of Internet. The government recognized that the serious environmental situation of using Internet is needed to be improved. Especially, HTML5 convergence technology is meant to be a specific platform over the devices, users, and systems. It also means web standards to support more creative business service model and emerging market. In this paper, we performed a survey on Web standards compliance and web development professional level of domestic web developers. In addition, we present the basic direction of government policy of software and software-positive human resources policy, that is based on the analysis of the survey results. Our study will be able to contribute to construct policies to support digital convergence industry and to strengthen technical assistance and expertise to build training programs for the spread of global Web standards (HTML5).

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.676-681
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• 2007

A process designed to synthesize rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) with insulative properties via the modulation of PUF cell size via the addition of clay and the application of ultrasound was assessed. The blowing agents utilized in this study include water, cyclopentane, and HFC-365mfc, all of which are known to be environmentally-friendly blowing agents. The rigid PUFs were prepared from polymeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) and polyether polyol with a density of $50kg/m^3$. In addition, rigid PUFs/clay nanocomposites were synthesized with clay modified by PMDI with and without the application of ultrasound. The PUF generated using water as a blowing agent evidenced the highest tensile strength. The tensile strength of the PUF/nanocomposites was higher than that of the neat PUF and the strength was even higher with the application of ultrasound. The cell size of the PUF/clay nanocomposites was less than that of the neat PUF, regardless of the type of blowing agent utilized. It appears that the higher tensile strength and lower cell size of the PUF/clay nanocomposites may be attributable to the uniform dispersion of the clay via ultrasonic agitation. The thermal conductivity of the PUF/clay nanocomposites generated with HCFC-141b evidenced the lowest value when PUF/clay nanocomposites were compared with other blowing agents, including HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, and water. Ultrasound has also proven effective with regard to the reduction of the thermal conductivity of the PUF/clay nanocomposites with any of the blowing agents employed in this study. It has also been suggested that the uniformly dispersed clay particles in the PUF matrix function as diffusion barriers, which prevent the amelioration of the thermal insulation property.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.17-36
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• 2010

In this study, we compare the mass release rates of radionuclides(1) from waste forms arising from the KIEP-21 pyroprocessing system with (2) those from the directly-disposed pressurized-water reactor spent fuel, to investigate the potential radiological and environmental impacts. In both cases, most actinides and their daughters have been observed to remain in the vicinity of waste packages as precipitates because of their low solubility. The effects of the waste-form alteration rate on the release of radionuclides from the engineered-barrier boundary have been found to be significant, especially for congruently released radionuclides. the total mass release rate of radionuclides from direct disposal concept is similar to those from the pyroprocessing disposal concept. While the mass release rates for most radionuclides would decrease to negligible levels due to radioactive decay while in the engineered barriers and the surrounding host rock in both cases even without assuming any dilution or dispersal mechanisms during their transport, significant mass release rates for three fission-product radionuclides, $^{129}I$, $^{79}Se$, and $^{36}Cl$, are observed at the 1,000-m location in the host rock. For these three radionuclides, we need to account for dilution/dispersal in the geosphere and the biosphere to confirm finally that the repository would achieve sufficient level of radiological safety. This can be done only after we have known where the repository site would by sited. the footprint of repository for the KIEP-21 system is about one tenth of those for the direct disposal.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.267-274
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• 2011

Objectives: We examined health care disparities in Korean urban homeless people and individual characteristics associated with the utilization of health care. Methods: We selected a sample of 203 homeless individuals at streets, shelters, and drop-in centers in Seoul and Daejeon by a quota sampling method. We surveyed demographic information, information related to using health care, and health status with a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was adopted to identify factors associated with using health care and to reveal health care disparities within the Korean urban homeless population. Results: Among 203 respondents, 89 reported that they had visited health care providers at least once in the past 6 months. Twenty persons (22.5%) in the group that used health care (n = 89) reported feeling discriminated against. After adjustment for age, sex, marital status, educational level, monthly income, perceived health status, Beck Depression Inventory score, homeless period, and other covariates, three factors were significantly associated with medical utilization: female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR, 15.95; 95% CI, 3.97 to 64.04], having three or more diseases (aOR, 24.58; 95% CI, 4.23 to 142.78), and non-street residency (aOR, 11.39; 95% CI, 3.58 to 36.24). Conclusions: Health care disparities in Seoul and Daejeon homeless exist in terms of the main place to stay, physical illnesses, and gender. Under the current homeless support system in South Korea, street homeless have poorer accessibility to health care versus non-street homeless. To provide equitable medical aid for homeless people, strategies to overcome barriers against health care for the street homeless are needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.471-479
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of preventive behavior intention to the particulate matter. The results based on the survey of 280 university students showed that the perceived susceptibility and barriers to the particulate matter do not have statistically significant effects on the preventive behavior intention. However, perceived severity and benefits, subjective norm, and self-efficacy to the particulate matter had statistically significant positive effects on the preventive behavior intention. The results of this study suggested that communication strategies to increase perceived severity and benefits, subjective norm and self-efficacy should be required to improve the degree of preventive behavior intention to the particulate matter of college students. It is expected to contribute explaining preventive actions against environmental hazards such as air pollution in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.5-15
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• 2019

This study was conducted to propose a reasonable requirement regulation of cutoff barriers composed of bottom layer and vertical barrier of offshore landfill for the prevention of contaminant leakage. The bottom layer was composed of impermeable clay layer; vertical walls were composed of double walls; outer wall was composed of steel sheet pile which registed against outer force; cutoff vertical barrier took the role of inner wall. Seepage-advection-dispersion numerical analysis was conducted using SEEP/W and CTRAN/W programs under steady and unsteady flows. The results showed that the values calculated under steady flow showed higher migration of pollutant than those of unsteady flow. The values calculated under steady flow are more valid from a design point of view. Under steady flow and the bottom clay layer and when the vertical barrier are homogeneous and completely well installed, respectively, the minimum required cutoff regulations for hydraulic conductivity, thickness, and embedded depth of the bottom clay layer and vertical barrier were suggested.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.659-666
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• 2023

Characterized by boom-and-bust cycles, low entry barriers, and an almost perfectly competitive structure, the construction industry presents a unique challenge for the survival and growth of its constituent companies. A crucial aspect of this challenge is the ongoing monitoring of their financial health and business performance. To understand the typical financial and operational status of construction companies, this study analyzes the financial statements of 6,252 such companies, all of which have undergone at least one external audit between 2000 and 2019. These statements were used to develop combined financial profiles and derive industry averages. The findings indicate that the construction industry experiences limited growth in sales and profitability. High leverage ratios can jeopardize financial stability, pushing companies to seek production efficiency, such as enhancing gross asset turnover. This tendency has been particularly noticeable in the aftermath of the global financial crisis in 2008.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.83-97
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify perception of mental health recovery of mentally disordered offenders hospitalized at the national forensic psychiatric hospital. The participants were 91 mentally disordered offenders hospitalized at the national forensic psychiatric hospital in C province. The participants were provided with a written questionnaire about mental health recovery so that they could freely describe it, and collected data were analyzed by two researchers according to Krippendorff's content analysis method. As a result, meaning of mental health recovery were derived from 4 categories and 17 themes, and four categories were 'liberate from psychiatric symptoms', 'stable daily and social life is possible', 'living a hopeful and meaningful life' and 'life without crime after discharge'. mental health recovery facilitators and barriers were derived from 4 categories and 14 themes, 'treatment factors', 'personal factors', 'interpersonal factors' and 'environmental factors'. The results of this study can be used as basic data for education and intervention development for mental health recovery of mentally disordered offenders at the national forensic psychiatric hospital.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.42-48
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• 2023

In recent years, automated vehicles have garnered attention in the multidisciplinary research field, promising increased safety on the road and new opportunities for passengers. High-Definition (HD) maps have been in development for many years as they offer roadmaps with inch-perfect accuracy and high environmental fidelity, containing precise information about pedestrian crossings, traffic lights/signs, barriers, and more. Demonstrating autonomous driving requires verification of driving on actual roads, but this can be challenging, time-consuming, and costly. To overcome these obstacles, creating HD maps of real roads in a simulation and conducting virtual driving has become an alternative solution. However, existing HD maps using high-precision data are expensive and time-consuming to build, which limits their verification in various environments and on different roads. Thus, it is challenging to demonstrate autonomous driving on anything other than extremely limited roads and environments. In this paper, we propose a new and simple method for implementing HD maps that are more accessible for autonomous driving demonstrations. Our HD map combines the CARLA simulator and OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, which are both open-source, allowing for the creation of HD maps containing high-accuracy road information globally with minimal dependence. Our results show that our easily accessible HD map has an accuracy of 98.28% for longitudinal length on straight roads and 98.42% on curved roads. Moreover, the accuracy for the lateral direction for the road width represented 100% compared to the manual method reflected with the exact road data. The proposed method can contribute to the advancement of autonomous driving and enable its demonstration in diverse environments and on various roads.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.227-240
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• 2016

Research misconduct has been a strong societal concern in sport and leisure studies. However, little is known about the complex mechanisms and ways of promoting research integrity. This study aimed at exploring the ways in which research integrity in sport and leisure studies could be established from the perspectives of academia. Employing a grounded theory approach, 13 academics and graduate students were invited to the study. Data were collected primarily through focus group and one-on-one follow-up interviews. Perceived negative factors contributing to research misconduct within socio-political/socio-environmental, socio-cultural, and personal contexts were identified. Three approaches, (a) top-down approach, (b) bottom-up approach, and (c) continuous education, as well as subsequent practical strategies were also suggested for the enhancement of research integrity within the field. This paper provided empirical knowledge regarding barriers to and opportunities for improving research integrity in sport and leisure studies.