• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.2_2
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• pp.351-375
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• 2018

This paper aims to i) introduce the characteristics of HF ocean radar and the major results and information produced by the radar networks in the Korean coasts to the readers, ii) make an up-to-date inventory of the existing radar systems, and iii) share the information related to the radar operating skill and the ocean current data application. The number of ocean radars has been showing a significant growth over the past 20 years, currently deploying more than 44 radars in the Korean coasts. Most of radars are in operation at the present time for the purposes related to the marine safety, tidal current forecast and understanding of ocean current dynamics, mainly depending on the mission of each organization operating radar network. We hope this overview paper may help expand the applicability of the ocean radar to fisheries, leisure activity on the sea, ocean resource management, oil spill response, coastal environment restoration, search and rescue, and vessel detection etc., beyond the level of understanding of tidal and ocean current dynamics. Additionally we hope this paper contributes further to the surveillance activity on our ocean territory by founding a national ocean radar network frame and to the domestic development of ocean radar system including signal processing technology.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

In this paper, we have studied tracking as a training stage of considering the position and the scale of a person given its previous position, scale, as well as next and forward image fraction. Unlike other learning methods, CNN is thereby learning combines both time and spatial features from the image for the two consecutive frames. We introduce multiple path ways in CNN to better fuse local and global information. A creative shift-variant CNN architecture is designed so as to alleviate the drift problem when the distracting objects are similar to the target in cluttered environment. Furthermore, we employ CNNs to estimate the scale through the accurate localization of some key points. These techniques are object-independent so that the proposed method can be applied to track other types of object. The capability of the tracker of handling complex situations is demonstrated in many testing sequences. The accuracy of the SVM classifier using the features learnt by the CNN is equivalent to the accuracy of the CNN. This fact confirms the importance of automatically optimized features. However, the computation time for the classification of a person using the convolutional neural network classifier is less than approximately 1/40 of the SVM computation time, regardless of the type of the used features.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2023

In the event of a disaster occurring within a building, the prompt and efficient evacuation and rescue of occupants within the building becomes the foremost priority to minimize casualties. For the purpose of such rescue operations, it is essential to ascertain the distribution of individuals within the building. Nevertheless, there is a primary dependence on accounts provided by pertinent individuals like building proprietors or security staff, alongside fundamental data encompassing floor dimensions and maximum capacity. Consequently, accurate determination of the number of occupants within the building holds paramount significance in reducing uncertainties at the site and facilitating effective rescue activities during the golden hour. This research introduces a methodology employing computer vision algorithms to count the number of occupants within distinct building locations based on images captured by installed multiple CCTV cameras. The counting methodology consists of three stages: (1) establishing virtual Lines of Interest (LOI) for each camera to construct a multi-camera network environment, (2) detecting and tracking people within the monitoring area using deep learning, and (3) aggregating counts across the multi-camera network. The proposed methodology was validated through experiments conducted in a five-story building with the average accurary of 89.9% and the average MAE of 0.178 and RMSE of 0.339, and the advantages of using multiple cameras for occupant counting were explained. This paper showed the potential of the proposed methodology for more effective and timely disaster management through common surveillance systems by providing prompt occupancy information.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Recently emphasizing the importance of security such as national major institutions' facilities or major industrial facilities for the maintenance of security/crime prevention due to specialization of the Green Information Technology(G-IT) and Green Ubiquitous Technology(G-UT) industry fields, The Security System Building linked high technology within the government-related organization, enterprise and army the military is urgently required. This paper is about the green USN intelligent an unmanned guard MUX system that receive the signals, from alarm device within surveillance area, with various ways of communication techniques and then transmit to local control center and remote control server trough TCP/IP network. This study enables the mutual senergy effect by realizing a total solution of an unmanned guard system and also significantly contributes to the global/domestic market expansion. That can be applied to the crime prevention/security fields in the Green Ubiquitous Environment Implemented Business(survalance-Home, Gu-City, Gu-Health, etc.), and will contribute to expand companies with international competitiveness that can provide the Green Ubiquitous Vision(Gu-Vision).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.297-302
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a object detection and tracking method based on image context analysis. It is robust from the image variations such as complicated background, dynamic movement of the object. Image context analysis is carried out using the hybrid network of k-means and RBF. The proposed object detection employs context-driven adaptive Bayesian framework to relive the effect due to uneven object images. The proposed method used feature vector generator using 2D Haar wavelet transform and the Bayesian discriminant method in order to enhance the speed of learning. The system took less time to learn, and learning in a wide variety of data showed consistent results. After we developed the proposed method was applied to real-world environment. As a result, in the case of the object to detect pass outside expected area or other changes in the uncertain reaction showed that stable. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve superior performance using various data sets to previously methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.676-682
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• 2018

In wireless sensor networks, we propose an optimization algorithm in order to minimize the consumed energy of nodes for maritime search and rescue. In the marine environment, search and rescue operations are mainly performed on the surveillance side and passively on the rescued side. A self-configurable wireless sensor network can build a system that can send rescue signals in the operations. A simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to minimize the consumed energy of nodes in the networks with many nodes. As the density of nodes becomes higher, the algorithmic computation will increase highly. To search the good result in a proper execution time, the proposed algorithm proposes a new neighborhood generating operation and improves the efficiency of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm was evaluated in terms of the consumed energy of the nodes and algorithm execution time, and the proposed algorithm performed better than other optimization algorithms in the performance results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.2179-2184
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• 2007

The Intelligent Space(ISpace) provides challenging research fields for surveillance, human-computer interfacing, networked camera conferencing, industrial monitoring or service and training applications. ISpace is the space where many intelligent devices, such as computers and sensors, are distributed. According to the cooperation of many intelligent devices, the environment, it is very important that the system knows the location information to offer the useful services. In order to achieve these goals, we present a method for representing, tracking and human following by fusing distributed multiple vision systems in ISpace, with application to pedestrian tracking in a crowd. This paper described appearance based unknown object tracking with the distributed vision system in intelligent space. First, we discuss how object color information is obtained and how the color appearance based model is constructed from this data. Then, we discuss the global color model based on the local color information. The process of learning within global model and the experimental results are also presented.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

The unmanned aerial vehicle that emerged with the 4th Industrial Revolution attracts attention not only from Korea but also from around the world, and its utilization and market size are gradually expanding. For the first time, it was used for military purposes, but it is currently used for transportation, investigation, surveillance, and agriculture. China, along with the US and Europe, is emerging as a leader in the commercial unmanned aerial vehicle market, and Korea, which has the world's seventh-largest technology in related fields, is striving to promote various technology development policies and system improvement related to unmanned aerial vehicles. Military drones will revolutionize the means of war by using a means of war called an unmanned system based on theories such as network-oriented warfare and effect-oriented warfare. Mobile equipment, including drones, is greatly affected by environmental factors such as terrain and weather, as well as technological developments and interests in the field. Now, drones are being used actively in many fields, and especially in the military field, the use of advanced drones is expected to create a new defense environment and provide a new paradigm for war.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1708-1721
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• 2011

Recent outbreak of cattle diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease(FMD) requires constant monitoring of burial sites of mass cull of cattles. However, current monitoring system takes environmental samples from burial sites with period of between one and two weeks, which makes it impossible for non-stop management of hazardous bio-waste. Therefore, in this study, we suggest an improved real-time environmental monitoring system for such bio-hazardous sites based on wireless sensor networks, which makes constant surveillance of the FMD burial sites possible. The system consists mainly several wireless environmental monitoring sensors(i.e dust, Co2, VOC, NH3, H2S, temperature, humidity) nodes and GPS location tracking nodes. Through analysis of the relayed of the environmental monitoring data via gateway, the system makes it possible for constant monitoring and quick response for emergency situation of the burial sites. In order to test the effectiveness of the system, we have installed a set of sensor to gas outlets of the burial sites, then collected and analyzed measured bio-sensing data. We have conducted simulated emergency test runs and was able to detect and monitor the foul smell constantly. With our study, we confirm that the preventive measures and quick response of bio environmental accident are possible with the help of a real-time environmental monitoring system.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.469-497
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• 2015

In 2009 Iridium 33, a satellite owned by the American Iridium Communications Inc. and Kosmos-2251, a satellite owned by the Russian Space Forces, collided at a speed of 42,120 km/h and an altitude of 789 kilometers above the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia. NASA estimated that the satellite collision had created approximately 1,000 pieces of debris larger than 10 centimeters, in addition to many smaller ones. By July 2011, the U.S. Space Surveillance Network(SSN) had catalogued over 2,000 large debris fragments. On January 11, 2007 China conducted a test on its anti-satellite missile. A Chinese weather satellite, the FY-1C polar orbit satellite, was destroyed by the missile that was launched using a multistage solid-fuel. The test was unprecedented for having created a record amount of debris. At least 2,317 pieces of trackable size (i.e. of golf ball size or larger) and an estimated 150,000 particles were generated as a result. As far as the Space Treaties such as 1967 Outer Space Treaty, 1968 Rescue Agreement, 1972 Liability Convention, 1975 Registration Convention and 1979 Moon Agreement are concerned, few provisions addressing the space environment and debris in space can be found. In the early years of space exploration dating back to the late 1950s, the focus of international law was on the establishment of a basic set of rules on the activities undertaken by various states in outer space.. Consequently environmental issues, including those of space debris, did not receive the priority they deserve when international space law was originally drafted. As shown in the case of the 1978 "Cosmos 954 Incident" between Canada and USSR, the two parties settled it by the memorandum between two nations not by the Space Treaties to which they are parties. In 1994 the 66th conference of International Law Association(ILA) adopted "International Instrument on the Protection of the Environment from Damage Caused by Space Debris". The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee(IADC) issued some guidelines for the space debris which were the basis of "the UN Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines" which had been approved by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space(COPUOS) in its 527th meeting. On December 21 2007 this guideline was approved by UNGA Resolution 62/217. The EU has proposed an "International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities" as a transparency and confidence-building measure. It was only in 2010 that the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee began considering as an agenda item the long-term sustainability of outer space. A Working Group on the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities was established, the objectives of which include identifying areas of concern for the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, proposing measures that could enhance sustainability, and producing voluntary guidelines to reduce risks to long-term sustainability. By this effort "Guidelines on the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities" are being under consideration. In the case of "Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exp1oration and Use of Outer Space" adopted by UNGA Resolution 1962(XVIII), December 13 1963, the 9 principles proclaimed in that Declaration, although all of them incorporated in the Space Treaties, could be regarded as customary international law binding all states considering the time and opinio juris by the responses of the world. Although the soft law such as resolutions, guidelines are not binding law, there are some provisions which have a fundamentally norm-creating character and customary international law. In November 12 1974 UN General Assembly recalled through a Resolution 3232(XXIX) "Review of the role of International Court of Justice" that the development of international law may be reflected, inter alia, by the declarations and resolutions of the General Assembly which may to that extend be taken into consideration by the judgements of the International Court of Justice. We are expecting COPUOS which gave birth 5 Space Treaties that it could give us binding space debris mitigation measures to be implemented based on space debris mitigation soft law in the near future.