• 생태와환경
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• 제38권spc호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2005

It is important to assess the change of water environment in the present and past. In this study, present-day water quality standards are applied to the expressions in literary works to reconstruct the historical water environment including the quality. As the result, the historical reconstruction of water quality has been made distribution of water quality from 1905 to 1935 for the Sumida River in Tokyo.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2017

A watershed-river linked modeling system was developed to forecast the water quality, particularly weekly changes in chlorophyll-a concentration, of the Yeongsan River, Korea. Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) and Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) were adopted as the basic model framework. In this study, the EFDC model was modified to effectively simulate the operational condition and flow of multi-functional weirs constructed in the main channel of rivers. The model was tested against hydrologic, water quality and algal data collected at the right upstream sites of two weirs in 2014. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the model calibration on the annual variations of river stage, TN, TP, and algal concentration are 0.03 ~ 0.10 m, 0.65 ~ 0.67 mg/L, 0.03 ~ 0.04 mg/L, and $9.7{\sim}10.8mg/m^3$, respectively. On the other hand, the MAE values of forecasting results for chlorophyll-a level at the same sites in 2015 range from 18.7 to $22.4mg/m^3$, which are higher than those of model calibration. The increased errors in forecasting are mainly attributed to the higher uncertainties of weather forecasting data compared to the observed data used in model calibration.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2012

The variation of stream flow is the one of the most important factors which influence on that of water quality in the unit watershed. The target water quality goal is established and permissible load is allotted in the base of the standard flow condition along with its water quality for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A standard flow selected could cause problems in the load allotment if it was not properly arranged. This study reviewed the acquisition of water quality data, the self-variation and the retainability in water quality on the specific flow conditions. This study also proposed the median and the adjusted average flow condition out of general flow conditions as alternative standard flow conditions. It is considered that the alternatives can make the water quality data easily acquired and the water quality representativeness more enhanced on the standard flow conditions.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2007

This study was carried out to complement water quality standards and to establish new concept for water quality standards reflecting current state of water quality in small streams. By this purpose, discriminant analysis was performed and Water Quality Level Model (WQLM) was developed using the data such as EC, BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N, T-P, $NH_3-N$ in 224 agricultural streams. To give water quality level for water quality parameters, it divided into 20% respectively in the order of excellent water quality. On the basis of the lowest water quality level, water quality level of small streams is granted. As a result of it, number of stream corresponding to Level I was no, Level II was 2 streams, Level III was 22 streams, Level IV was 70 streams, and Level V was 130 streams. Average of water quality in each level was the highest in Level V. EC, SS, and T-N of 7 parameters were selected in variance concerned water quality level. By standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient, EC of three variances was the highest in 0.625 at the discriminant power. The next was T-N (0.509), SS (0.414). By discriminant function for water quality level, Level II was equal to $-2.973+19.376{\times}(EC)+0.647{\times}(T-N)+0.009{\times}(SS)$, Level III was equal to $-3.288+19.190{\times}(EC)+0.733{\times}(T-N)+0.041{\times}(SS)$, Level IV was equal to $-4.462+27.097{\times}(EC)+0.792{\times}(T-N)+0.053{\times}(SS)$, and Level V was equal to $-9.117+40.040{\times}(EC)+1.305{\times}(T-N)+0.111{\times}(SS)$. As a result of test at real agricultural watershed of Jeongan and Euidang in Gongju city, the fitness of WQLM was high to 88.78%. But, to get accomplished water quality assessment more exactly in agricultural streams, we had to concentrate and get vast data, and WQLM was modified and complemented continually.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

HSPF model based on BASINS was applied to analyze effects of watershed management measures for water quality conservation in the Hwaseong Reservoir watershed. The model was calibrated against the field measurements of meteorological data, streamflow and water qualities ($BOD_5$, T-N, T-P) at each observatory for 4 years (2007-2010). The water quality characteristics of inflow streams were evaluated. The 4 scenarios for the water quality improvement were applied to inflow streams and critical area from water pollution based on previous researches. The reduction efficiency of point and non-point sources in inflow streams was evaluated with each scenario. The results demonstrate that the expansion of advanced treatment system within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and construction of pond-wetlands would be great effective management measures. In order to satisfactory the target water quality of reservoir, the measures which can control both point source and non-point source pollutants should be implemented in the watershed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2000

To examine toddlers’adjustment in child care centers according to the quality of child care environment, the followings were asked; 1. Are toddlers’adjustment in child care centers different by toddlers’individual characterisitcs, caregiyer’s individual characteristics, and/or care center variabless\ulcorner 2. Are the quality of child care center different by caregiver’s individual characteristics and child care center variables\ulcorner 3. Are toddlers’adjustment in child care centers different according to the quality of child care center\ulcorner Forty caregivers and 108 toddlers in 40 child care centers in Inchon were randomly selected. After 2 hours of observation in each child care center, the quality of child care environment were rated using Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scate(ITERS) by 2 observers and toddlers’adjustment in child care centers were rated by caregivers using the Preschool Adjustment Questionnaire(PAQ). Toddlers’adjustment in centers were different by toddlers’gender, caregiver’s age, caregiver’s educational level, group size, and the adult/child ratio. The quality of child care environment of child care centers was different by caregiver’s age, caregiver’s career level, the length of working time, group size, and the adult/child ratio. Finally, toddler’s adjustment in child care centers were significantly different by the quality of child care environment of child care centers.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.172-185
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• 2020

To explore the impact of restaurant service quality for foreigners in South Korea on customer satisfaction, customer trust, and loyalty from three dimensions: quality of physical environment, food quality, and service quality and the influence of perceived price on satisfaction and loyalty, a survey was conducted by collecting 202 valid questionnaires and Amos 23 was used to examine the relationships between variables. The results show that the quality of physical environment, food quality, and service quality have significant positive effects on customer trust, but only food quality has a significant effect on customer loyalty and all three have no significant effects on customer satisfaction. In addition, customer trust has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, but the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty has not been verified in this study. At the same time, perceived price has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction, but no significant effect on customer loyalty. Then the study examined the moderating effect of gender by using the SEM multi-group analysis method, founding that there are no significant differences between male and female on the impact of the three dimensions of restaurant service quality on customer satisfaction, and no significant differences between male and female on the impact of perceived price on customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction on loyalty, meaning that gender's moderating effects are not valid. These conclusions of this study are useful for restaurant operators to improve the quality of the physical environment, food quality and service quality, effectively improve customer trust, and thus customer satisfaction and loyalty.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2021

This study was conducted to classify quality attributes for quality elements of public service targeting Gochang Jayeonmadang and analyze their impact on resident satisfaction and dissatisfaction by each service quality element by using the Kano model and the customer satisfaction coefficient and dissatisfaction coefficient of Timko(1993). As a result of the study, all 20 quality elements of public service were classified as one-dimensional attributes. Since the Jayeonmadang project restores the damaged natural environment and restores the ecosystem, it is judged that satisfaction is proportionately satisfied as the natural environment has been restored and the ecosystem has been restored. According to Timko (1993)'s analysis of customer satisfaction coefficient, it is believed that the most effective way to improve residents' satisfaction is to carefully establish and implement maintenance plans and to create a good environment to ensure that plants have settled.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to analyze the planning characteristics based on the physical quality indicators and the users' satisfaction of parking space in apartment housing through the case study of 36 housing estate samples which were built in 1994-1998. The contents of this research consists of three main parts. The first part is to analyze the characteristics of residential environment based on the quality indicators of parking space in apartment housing. The second part is to analyze the correlation of quality indicators of parking space and development conditions in apartment housing. The third part is to analyze the correlation of users' satisfaction and physical quality indicators of parking space, and to propose the planning methods which increase the quality of residential environment of parking space in apartment housing.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.827-841
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• 1999

The air quality simulation models in wide use for air quality impact assessmetns are reviewed. After an intensive survey and comparative study upon the environmental impact assessment reports submitted to Ministry of Environment during 1990~1998, we could identify the major common problems with the air quality impact assessment procedures. Several remedies are presented here, including use of the screening models applicable to the complex terrain.