• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2017

China is suffering from severe air pollution especially fine $PM_{2.5}$ pollution. In 2015, the annual average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration of the 338 municipal cities was $50{\mu}g/m^3$, 78% cities at or above the prefectural level failed to comply with the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration standards. The $13^{th}$ Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development set the goal that the annual average concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ in the municipal cities which failed to attain the ambient air quality standards shall be decreased by 18% by 2020 (CCCPC, 2016). In this study, an air pollution control scenario during the $13^{th}$ Five-Year Plan period was proposed and the $SO_2$, $NO_x$ and PM emission reductions in response to different measures in 31 provincial-level regions mainland China by 2020 were estimated. The air quality in the target year (2020) was simulated using the WRF-CMAQ model. The results showed that by 2020, the emissions of $SO_2$, $NO_x$ and primary PM in mainland China will be reduced by 4.19 million tons, 3.94 million tons and 4.41 million tons, a drop of 23%, 21% and 25% respectively compared with that in 2015, and the annual average concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ will decrease by 19%. Coal-fired power plant contributes the most pollutant emission reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.768-783
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• 2006

Biological stream environment assessment has been an essential trend of aquatic ecosystems among advanced countries, because the chemical water quality assessment has limitations that only represent temporal water environmental status. Benthic macroinvertebrates are the most popular bioindicator group useful to biological water quality assessment for a long time. In addition, a number of indices using benthic macroinvertebrates have recently been developed not only for water quality assessment but also for ecological health assessment. In this paper Korean Saprobic Index (KSI) based on Zelinka-Marvan's saprobic valency concept is developed by applying DIN 38410 in Germany. The KSI value was widely applicable to most Korean streams with the exception of sand-based large streams, for example main stream of Nakdong River. But as a result of non-linear regression analysis the correlation between KSI and $BOD_5$ concentration was high and KSI reflected water quality alteration for mid and long-term period. In spite of applicability of KSI, it should be supplemented and developed to make it strong by accumulating field data as well as to manage integrated water environment in general through continuous biomonitoring.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.269-283
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• 2014

This study evaluated the environmental impact based on watershed characteristics and climate change using RCP climate change scenarios provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Future dam inflow was estimated by the SWAT model. Dam safety evaluation and downstream duration curve analysis was performed using HEC-ResSim model. Trends of water quality was analyzed through seasonal-Kendall Test using existing water quality observation data. Release discharge and tributary runoff derived SWAT and HEC-ResSim models applied to Qual2E and the future change in water quality trends were analyzed. Integrated environmental review watershed following techniques will be able to obtain the river environment management system and environmental issues such as climate change, new guidelines for preemptively response will be provided.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.47-62
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• 2019

This paper considers the effect of "comprehensive rural community improvement project" in terms of three factors - physical environment, rural tourism, socioeconomic and analyzed the path effect leading to the final outcome - the quality of life of residents, using covariance structure analysis. By doing so, this study looks into why residents prefer the improvement of a physical environment that takes a public nature. The analysis showed that the socioeconomic effect did not have an immediate impact on the improvement of quality of life of residents at a significance level of 5%, whereas the improvement of physical environment had a static effect on the quality of living at a significance level of 1%. Residents' preference for "hardware" or physical environment may be attributed to lack of their understanding of human factors such as social capital. However, analyzing the impact of specific contents of the project on performance, it is found that as projects fail to generate a tangible socioeconomic effect, residents strategically prefer the repair of their physical environment such as public facilities that directly affect their daily lives, so that they can maximize an improvement of the quality of living. Hence, this study suggests that instead of attributing the failure of rural community development projects to residents, macroscopic problems of rural communities and specific contents of projects should be dealt with before the success of any project can be discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Recently, the inflow of nonpoint pollutants into rivers caused by rapid urban and industrialization promotes the proliferation of algae, which causes eutrophication of rivers. This study was conducted to evaluate the seasonal variation of water quality characteristics and cryptomonads growth in the Oncheon River. METHODS AND RESULTS: The water quality and distribution characteristics of cryptomonads in the Oncheon River were investigated monthly for 12 months from January 2021. The cell number of cryptomonads was intensively developed in January-April, and it decreased sharply in the summer with heavy rainfall. In particular, cryptomonads moved to the downstream side of the river depending on the time, and as a result, significant differences were shown for each investigation point. The Korean trophic state index (Tsi_KO) in Oncheon River was classified as eutrophy all year round, indicating that cryptomonads can grow year-round. Distribution characteristics of cryptomonads in Oncheon River showed high correlations with DO (r=0.678), BOD (r=0.826) and chlorophyll-a (r=0.613) in water. CONCLUSION(S): In order to reduce cryptomonads in the Oncheon River, it is judged that a complex countermeasure considering the residence time, insolation and precipitation along with water quality factors is required.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2004

In this study, variable characteristics of drinking water and the influences on underground water reservoirs, rooftop water tanks, and service water pipes in the building were assessed. The influence of underground water reservoir material and water capacity on water quality also were assessed. The results are the following as; First of all, the drinking water passing through underground water reservoirs or service water pipes in the building, averagely metal component concentration more increased from percent of 41.3 to percent of 74.2 totally than other items of water quality. On the other hand, both residual chlorine and total solid highly decreased 65.6 percent and 35.3 percent, respectively. Therefore, it was thought that water quality could be getting worse for microorganism re-growth by residual chlorine reduction, and total solid also could be a cause for extraneous matters accumulated in water reservoir. Secondly, the variations on water quality of each stage for water supply system in the building were higher in water service pipes connected from rooftop water tanks to the tap than in underground water reservoirs. In addition to, among of twelve items on water quality, ten items on water quality except dissolved oxygen and residual chlorine increased. Therefore, it was thought that the influence of water service pipes connected from rooftop water tanks to the tap on water quality were higher than other stages of water supply system in the building. Thirdly, in case of materials of underground water reservoir, it was likely that the variation on water quality by stainless steel and concrete materials got some similar. In case of water capacity, the variations on water quality of underground water reservoirs over $1,000m^3$ higher than those under $1,000m^3$. That reasons was likely that the retention time(49.72 hours averagely) of underground water reservoirs over $1,000m^3$ was two times longer than it of those under $1,000m^3$(23.37 hours). Therefore, it was thought that the influence on water quality by materials were some similar, but in case of water capacity, the influence of underground water reservoirs were higher.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2021

Today, the most important factor affecting the quality of human life is thought to be due to the environment. The importance of environmental monitoring systems to improve human life and improve welfare as the magnitude of the damage increases year by year due to the rapid increase in the frequency of hail, typhoons, collapse of incisions, landslides, etc. Is increasing day by day. Among environmental problems, problems caused by water quality have a very high proportion, and as there is a growing concern that the scale of damage will increase when water pollution accidents occur due to urbanization and industrialization, the demand for social water safety nets is increasing. have. In the last 5 years, 259 cases of water pollution (Han River 99, Nakdong River 31, Geum River 25, Seomjin River and Yeongsan River 19, and 85 others) have occurred in the four major river basins. Caused damage. Therefore, it is required to establish a water quality environment management strategy system based on big data that can minimize the uncertainty of the water quality environment by expanding the target of water quality management from the current water quality management system centered on the four major rivers to small and medium-sized rivers, tributaries/branches, and reservoirs. In this paper, we intend to construct and analyze a water quality monitoring system based on big data that can present useful water quality environment information by analyzing the water quality information accumulated for a long time.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention and the effects of consumers' attitudes and the reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention by using the theory of planned behavior. Subjective norms of variables of behavioral intention, attitudes toward behavior and control of the behavior were used to create selection criteria, consumers' attitudes and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products. The study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria, attitudes, and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention constructing models and hypotheses of mediation and moderation between selection criteria for agricultural products and purchase intention by consumers' attitudes and reliability. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings were as follows: first, consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products had a significantly affirmative influence upon purchase intention. Health was the most important factor of selection criteria convenience was more important than quality and familiarity was next. Consumers' attitudes and trust had a significant influence on purchase intention. Second, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust partially mediated selection criteria: sub-factors and purchase intention were important in selection criteria. Third, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust had a significant moderation effect between selection criteria and purchase intention. In the test of the moderation effect between sub-factors of selection criteria and purchase intention, consumers' attitude had a significantly positive influence upon health, convenience, and familiarity, and had no significant influence upon quality and purchase intention. Consumers' trust had no significant influence upon health, convenience, and quality. Results - The study provided several theoretical implications: first, an empirical analysis was undertaken with selection criteria for environmental-friendly agricultural products, consumers' attitude, and trust to investigate subjective norms, attitude toward behavior and control of behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, this study investigated both the mediation effect and moderation effect of consumers' subjective norms on attitudes toward behavior, the mediating effects of perceived behavior control and changes of behavioral intention depending upon size and direction of the variables. This study also provided several practical implications. Conclusions - First, consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products did not increase despite rapid increase of production therefore, promotion of consumption and distribution was needed considering the supply and demand of the products. Second, definite standards for selection criteria were suggested to build up consumers' attitude and trust. Consumers' attitude could be improved by factors including the brand of environment-friendly agricultural products, consistent quality, solving physiological problems caused by adverse effects of environmental problems, supplementary approaches, treatment of adverse effects by eating food, and the development and supply of products in accordance with changes of lifestyle. Finally, consumers' demand for sub-factors of selection criteria could be much higher than health, convenience, and quality of the products. Therefore, a process was needed that could continuously check consumers' needs for the products. Limitations were described at the end of the study.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.650-660
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• 2017

In this study, pollutant emission characteristics by water damage period analyzed 11 items (water temperature, pH, DO, EC, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P and flow) with load duration curve, time series load curve and factor analysis for three years (2014-2016). Load duration curve is applied to judge the level of impaired waterbody and estimate impaired level by pollutants such as BOD and T-P in this study depending on variation of stream flow. Water quality standard exceeded the flow of mid-range and low-range by flow condition evaluation using load duration curve. This watershed was influenced by point source more than non-point source. Cumulative excess rate of BOD and T-P kept water quality standard for all seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) except BOD 59% in spring. Water quality changes were influenced by pollutants of basic environmental treatment facilities and agricultural areas during spring and summer. Results of factor analysis were classified commonly first factor (BOD, COD, and TOC) and second factor (flow, water temperature and SS). Therefore, effects of artificial pollutants and maintenance water must be controlled seasonally and reduced relative to water damage caused by point pollution sources with effluent standard strengthened in the target watershed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 2007

People spend more than 90% of their time indoor. Nowadays as they are interested in environment much more than before, indoor air pollution has been regarded as new environmental problems. At present, an air quality check is required prior to the completion of construction. However this study shows that the density level of HCHO and VOCs in a classroom was increased after furnishing the classroom. Thus, to measure the quality of air more effectively and accurately, it should be measured after the indoor space are furnished. Newly-built schools are tested for this study. The building sites were investigated to measure and evaluate the IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) in newly-built schools. The result of this study can be used as a basis to improve the environment air condition of the educational facilities.