• Title/Summary/Keyword: Entry strategy

Search Result 289, Processing Time 0.033 seconds

Dynamic Limit and Predatory Pricing Under Uncertainty (불확실성하(不確實性下)의 동태적(動態的) 진입제한(進入制限) 및 약탈가격(掠奪價格) 책정(策定))

  • Yoo, Yoon-ha
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.151-166
    • /
    • 1991
  • In this paper, a simple game-theoretic entry deterrence model is developed that integrates both limit pricing and predatory pricing. While there have been extensive studies which have dealt with predation and limit pricing separately, no study so far has analyzed these closely related practices in a unified framework. Treating each practice as if it were an independent phenomenon is, of course, an analytical necessity to abstract from complex realities. However, welfare analysis based on such a model may give misleading policy implications. By analyzing limit and predatory pricing within a single framework, this paper attempts to shed some light on the effects of interactions between these two frequently cited tactics of entry deterrence. Another distinctive feature of the paper is that limit and predatory pricing emerge, in equilibrium, as rational, profit maximizing strategies in the model. Until recently, the only conclusion from formal analyses of predatory pricing was that predation is unlikely to take place if every economic agent is assumed to be rational. This conclusion rests upon the argument that predation is costly; that is, it inflicts more losses upon the predator than upon the rival producer, and, therefore, is unlikely to succeed in driving out the rival, who understands that the price cutting, if it ever takes place, must be temporary. Recently several attempts have been made to overcome this modelling difficulty by Kreps and Wilson, Milgram and Roberts, Benoit, Fudenberg and Tirole, and Roberts. With the exception of Roberts, however, these studies, though successful in preserving the rationality of players, still share one serious weakness in that they resort to ad hoc, external constraints in order to generate profit maximizing predation. The present paper uses a highly stylized model of Cournot duopoly and derives the equilibrium predatory strategy without invoking external constraints except the assumption of asymmetrically distributed information. The underlying intuition behind the model can be summarized as follows. Imagine a firm that is considering entry into a monopolist's market but is uncertain about the incumbent firm's cost structure. If the monopolist has low cost, the rival would rather not enter because it would be difficult to compete with an efficient, low-cost firm. If the monopolist has high costs, however, the rival will definitely enter the market because it can make positive profits. In this situation, if the incumbent firm unwittingly produces its monopoly output, the entrant can infer the nature of the monopolist's cost by observing the monopolist's price. Knowing this, the high cost monopolist increases its output level up to what would have been produced by a low cost firm in an effort to conceal its cost condition. This constitutes limit pricing. The same logic applies when there is a rival competitor in the market. Producing a high cost duopoly output is self-revealing and thus to be avoided. Therefore, the firm chooses to produce the low cost duopoly output, consequently inflicting losses to the entrant or rival producer, thus acting in a predatory manner. The policy implications of the analysis are rather mixed. Contrary to the widely accepted hypothesis that predation is, at best, a negative sum game, and thus, a strategy that is unlikely to be played from the outset, this paper concludes that predation can be real occurence by showing that it can arise as an effective profit maximizing strategy. This conclusion alone may imply that the government can play a role in increasing the consumer welfare, say, by banning predation or limit pricing. However, the problem is that it is rather difficult to ascribe any welfare losses to these kinds of entry deterring practices. This difficulty arises from the fact that if the same practices have been adopted by a low cost firm, they could not be called entry-deterring. Moreover, the high cost incumbent in the model is doing exactly what the low cost firm would have done to keep the market to itself. All in all, this paper suggests that a government injunction of limit and predatory pricing should be applied with great care, evaluating each case on its own basis. Hasty generalization may work to the detriment, rather than the enhancement of consumer welfare.

  • PDF

Improvement strategy of market entry for construction engineer of young people (청년 건설기술인력의 일자리 창출방안에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Hwan-Pyo;Han, Jae-Goo;Kim, Young-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
    • /
    • 2015.11a
    • /
    • pp.74-75
    • /
    • 2015
  • Recently domestic youth unemployment rate has increased continuously. The cause is due to construction recession. As a result, the youth unemployment rate was approximately 8.0% in 2013. In particular, graduates of civil engineers and architecture engineers are difficult to find a new job. Major construction companies also prefer new employees rather than career employees. Therefore, the employment rate of construction-related university graduates is continuing decline. Accordingly, construction and technical engineers will be aging. Therefore, this study was looking for ways to promote the overseas expansion of young construction engineers. And this research has suggested the ways which young engineers can find a new job through improving the system.

  • PDF

Strategy to Control Surface Fire using Vegetational Fire Breaks in Rangelands of Nilgiris, Southern India

  • Paulsamy, S.;Kil, Bong-Seop;Arumugasamy, K;Padmathy, S.
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
    • /
    • v.26 no.5
    • /
    • pp.251-254
    • /
    • 2003
  • To control the spread of surface fire in the rangelands and to check the entry of fire into forest systems from grassland patches, 26 evergreen / succulent species were selected and among them 3 shrubby species such as Berberis tintoria Lesch, Elaeagnus kologa Schlecht and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wt. were screened for vegetational fire breaks on the basis of leaf moisture content and some other ecological characters. The fire trail experiments indicate that crossing of fire was checked by the fire belt size of 5 ${\times}$ 1.5m for all the three species. However, due to higher fire retardant capacity, the Ire belt of R. tomentosa was effective in comparison to other two species.

Analysis of Pricing Strategies and Business Models in Online Content Market (온라인 콘텐츠 시장에서의 가격전략과 비즈니스 모델에 관한 분석)

  • Chun Se-Hak;Kim Jae-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.53-62
    • /
    • 2006
  • Many information providers in the electronic market struggle to attain revenue from their information goods including contents or other services and they tend to charge for their contents or services since they are confronted with difficulties in attaining revenue from online advertising. This study examines why they begin to charge for their contents or services and explores Pricing strategies for their contents. Also, this paper explores business strategies when conventional offline contents firms enter the online contents market and draws some implications for the condition of entry of offline contents providers into the online market.

Structural Studies on IRES 4-2 Domain of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

  • Kim, Young-Mee;Yoo, Jun-Seok;Cheong, Hae-Kap;Lee, Chul-Hyun;Cheong, Chae-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.89-97
    • /
    • 2003
  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belongs to the aphthovirus genus within the picornavirus which has a single copy of a positive sense RNA. The translation initiation process of FMDV occurs by a cap-independent mechanism directed by a highly structured element (∼435 nt) termed an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We have designed and prepared FMDV 4-2 RNA (28nt) by in vitro transcription. The 2D NMR data revealed that FMDV 4-2 IRES domain RNA has a flexible loop and bulge conformation. In further study, we need to make an isotope labeled RNA sample and conduct 3D NMR experiments to completely determine the 3D structure. This study may establish a new drug design strategy to treat foot-and mouth disease.

  • PDF

The Strategy of Overseas Market Entry of Medical Device (의료기기의 해외시장 진출방안에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Jaeho
    • Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
    • /
    • 2009.05a
    • /
    • pp.1210-1215
    • /
    • 2009
  • The domestic medical device industry compared by advanced nations continues a quick growth, also the level of technique is gradually improving. However, the high import percentage, low investment, shortage of professional manpower and etc. are remained as weaknesses in the competitive circumstance. In this paper I researched world medical device market and industry, and tried to find the development plan of the domestic medical device. The approach could be in mid-long term rather than short-term, The institutional improvement and support of the government, the production complex, the market segmentation and overseas marketing reinforcement and etc. are necessary for export expansion plan.

  • PDF

An Exploratory Study on Mobile Financial Services with Separation of Banking and Commerce in Korea (모바일 금융 서비스와 은산분리에 관한 탐색적 연구)

  • Kang, Shinwon;Lee, Jung Mann
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.195-206
    • /
    • 2016
  • Mobile financial services with incorporated into IT are actively introduced and being operated worldwide. Meanwhile, a relationship setting of industrial capital and financial capital has a close connection with development process of the financial markets and the economic development. If the relationship setting of industrial capital and financial capital are right, it will be good opportunity to ensure economic development, positive economic effect and global competitiveness of the financial industry as other developed countries. In order to expand the positive effects of these mobile financial services, a ICT companies, etc. should ease regulations to allow entry to the mobile financial services market. That is, the separation of banking and commerce should be abolished.

Food Security and Nutrition Information and Knowledge Management in Case of Cambodia

  • Vong, Sokha
    • Agribusiness and Information Management
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.117-128
    • /
    • 2010
  • Coordination has been identified as a concern in the cross-cutting issues of food security and nutrition (FSN) in Cambodia. Food Security and Nutrition Information System (FSNIS) in Cambodia is the only "entry portal" to support policy formulation and decision-making with regard to FSN. While this knowledge and information management system has earned a respectful reputation, Council for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) faces many challenges in the implementation of the system. This paper will present how FSNIS has been developed and impacts on policy or strategy related to FSN. In addition, sustainability of the system is a key challenge for FSNIS; yet it is interesting to see how it works. Along with a success story, FSNIS is recognized by its stakeholders as the most successful knowledge and information management system in the field of FSN in Cambodia.

  • PDF

Influencing Factors of Purchase Intention on Social Commerce in Cambodia : The Moderating Roles of Experience

  • Ly, Pichponreay;Cho, Wan-Sup;Kwon, Sun-Dong
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
    • /
    • v.24 no.1
    • /
    • pp.129-141
    • /
    • 2017
  • Cambodia retail industry starts to entry SNS market. The online market of Cambodia is very unique. Facebook users of Cambodia are purchasing products, without electronic payment and delivery system. Therefore, this study focused on the immature online environment, proved the influencing factors of purchase intention on SNS. And also this study proved that the influencing factors on purchase intention are different, depending on whether or not a purchase experience exists. As results of analyzing with full data, price reduction, convenience, and customer service had significant impacts on purchase intention. The experienced group has significant effects of price reduction and customer service on purchase intention, while the inexperienced group has significant effects of convenience and customer service on purchase intention. This study provides marketing and strategic implications for companies seeking to enter the online market of Cambodia.

An Analysis of Kazakstan ICT Market Environment and Korean ICT Companies' Entry Strategy (카자흐스탄 ICT 시장 진출을 위한 환경 분석)

  • Roh, I.S.
    • Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
    • /
    • v.28 no.3
    • /
    • pp.170-182
    • /
    • 2013
  • 카자흐스탄은 한국의 기술과 문화에 대해 높게 평가하고 있으며 한국을 자국 경제발전의 롤모델로 인식하고 양국 간 관계를 전략적 동반자 관계로 격상시키는 한편 협력 분야를 에너지, 자원 분야에서 기초과학과 IT 분야로 확대하고 있다. ICT는 카자흐스탄이 산업 다각화를 위해 전략적으로 육성하고자 하는 분야로 막대한 ICT 프로젝트를 제시하며 세계적인 경쟁력을 가진 우리 ICT 기업의 투자와 참여를 적극 요청하고 있다. 카자흐스탄과는 과거 (주)대우의 카작텔레콤 인수를 시작으로 ETRI의 우정, 이러닝 등 기술 지원 사업과 정책자문 등 다양한 협력 사업 경험을 가지고 있다. 그러나 양국 정부의 지원을 바탕으로 협력 사업을 진행하는 공공기관이나 충분한 자체 사업 역량을 보유한 대기업에 비해 모든 면에서 열세인 중소기업은 정확한 정보를 바탕으로 구체적인 전략을 수립하고 현지에 진출해야만 성공할 가능성이 높다. 따라서 본고에서는 우리 ICT 기업의 카자흐스탄 시장 진출을 지원하기 위한 사전 연구로서 ICT 시장 현황을 파악하고 현지 시장 진출 시 고려해야 할 요인들을 소개하고, 전략적 접근 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

  • PDF