• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2010

EMAT는 비접촉식 탐촉자인 동시에 모드 선택성이 우수하여 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있으나 근본적으로 에너지 전환효율이 낮아 신호 대 잡음비의 증가에 한계를 보인다. EMAT에 위상배열 기술을 접목하면 초음파의 집속 효과를 얻을 수 있으므로 낮은 전환효율의 문제를 극복하기 위한 하나의 해결방안이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단한다. 본 연구에서는 위상배열 EMAT에 대한 기초연구로 3~4개의 코일로 구성되는 표면파 및 수직횡파 발생용 위상배열 EMAT를 제작하고 각 요소코일에 공급하는 펄스의 지연으로부터 위상배열의 효과를 확인하고 방향특성을 측정하였다. 또한 시험편의 표면에 0.5 mm 깊이의 표면결함과 시험편 내부에 직경 0.5 mm의 측면 드릴 홀을 가공하여 제작된 위상배열 EMAT로 결함 신호를 검출하였으며, 이로부터 제작된 EMAT의 성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.199-199
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• 2011

Recently, Thin film transistors (TFTs) with amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) can offer an important aspect for next generation displays with high mobility. Several oxide semiconductor such as ZnO, $SnO_2$ and InGaZnO have been extensively researched. Especially, as a well-known binary metal oxide, tin oxide ($SnO_2$), usually acts as n-type semiconductor with a wide band gap of 3.6eV. Over the past several decades intensive research activities have been conducted on $SnO_2$ in the bulk, thin film and nanostructure forms due to its interesting electrical properties making it a promising material for applications in solar cells, flat panel displays, and light emitting devices. But, its application to the active channel of TFTs have been limited due to the difficulties in controlling the electron density and n-type of operation with depletion mode. In this study, we fabricated staggered bottom-gate structure $SnO_2$-TFTs and patterned channel layer used a shadow mask. Then we compare to the performance intrinsic $SnO_2$-TFTs and doping hafnium $SnO_2$-TFTs. As a result, we suggest that can be control the defect formation of $SnO_2$-TFTs by doping hafnium. The hafnium element into the $SnO_2$ thin-films maybe acts to control the carrier concentration by suppressing carrier generation via oxygen vacancy formation. Furthermore, it can be also control the mobility. And bias stability of $SnO_2$-TFTs is improvement using doping hafnium. Enhancement of device stability was attributed to the reduced defect in channel layer or interface. In order to verify this effect, we employed to measure activation energy that can be explained by the thermal activation process of the subthreshold drain current.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.106-106
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• 2011

Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have attracted great attention as a promising candidate for various electronic applications such as transparent electrodes, thin film transistors, and optoelectronic devices. ZnO thin films have a wide band gap energy of 3.37 eV and transparency in visible region. Moreover, ZnO thin films can be deposited in a poly-crystalline form even at room temperature, extending the choice of substrates including even plastics. Therefore, it is possible to realize thin film transistors by using ZnO thin films as the active channel layer. In this work, we investigated influence of oxygen partial pressure on ZnO thin films and fabricated ZnO-based thin film transistors. ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by using a pulsed laser deposition technique in various oxygen partial pressures from 20 to 100 mTorr at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission line method (TLM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were employed to study the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the ZnO thin films. As a result, 80 mTorr was optimal condition for active layer of thin film transistors, since the active layer of thin film transistors needs high resistivity to achieve low off-current and high on-off ratio. The fabricated ZnO-based thin film transistors operated in the enhancement mode with high field effect mobility and low threshold voltage.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2008

Due to increasing need for better emission characteristics and lower fuel consumption rate in automotive engines, alternative fuels are drawing more attentions recently. The GTL (gas to liquid) is the one of most favored candidates. In this study, emission characteristics are compared between diesel and GTL fuel in commercial 2.0 liter diesel engine and vehicle with CRDi(Common Rail Direct injection) system. The effects of injection timings on emission and fuel consumption rate are compared at various engine speeds and loads. Noticeable reduction in HC, CO and PM emissions are observed due to higher cetane number and low sulfur and aromatic contents in GTL. On the trade-off curve of NOx and PM(Particulate matter) GTL showed much more benefits than diesel, where about 30% of PM mass decreased at the same operating conditions. On CVS 75 mode test in vehicle, GTL showed an excellent emission enhancement, in which 50% of HC, 21% of PM, and 12% of NOx engine-out emissions are decreased compared to ULSD(Ultra low sulfur diesel) fuel.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2006년도 학술대회
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• pp.127-132
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• 2006

Quantization in video coding plays an important role in controlling the bit-rate of compressed video bit-streams. It has been used as an important control means to adjust the amount of bit-streams to at]owed bandwidth of delivery networks and storage. Due to the dependent nature of video coding, dependent quantization has been proposed and applied for MPEG-2 video coding to better maintain the quality of reconstructed frame for given constraints of target bit-rate. Since Scalable Video Coding (SVC) being currently standardized exhibits highly dependent coding nature not only between frames but also lower and higher scalability layers where the dependent quantization can be effectively applied, in this paper, we propose a dependent quantization scheme for SVC and compare its performance in visual qualities and bit-rates with the current JSVM reference software for SVC. The proposed technique exploits the frame dependences within each GOP of SVC scalability layers to formulate dependent quantization. We utilize Lagrange optimization, which is widely accepted in R-D (rate-distortion) based optimization, and construct trellis graph to find the optimal cost path in the trellis by minimizing the R-D cost. The optimal cost path in the trellis graph is the optimal set of quantization parameters (QP) for frames within a GOP. In order to reduce the complexity, we employ pruning procedure using monotonicity property in the trellis optimization and cut the frame dependency into one GOP to decrease dependency depth. The optimal Lagrange multiplier that is used for SVC is equal to H.264/AVC which is also used in the mode prediction of the JSVM reference software. The experimental result shows that the dependent quantization outperforms the current JSVM reference software encoder which actually takes a linear increasing QP in temporal scalability layers. The superiority of the dependent quantization is achieved up to 1.25 dB increment in PSNR values and 20% bits saving for the enhancement layer of SVC.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1999

각각 8개의 N과 P채널 EEPROM을 이용하여 광섬유 엔진 모니터용 압력센서를 위한 A/D 변환기를 설계하였다. EEPROM의 쓰기와 소거동작에서 요구되는 높은 프로그래밍 전압의 크기를 낮추기 위한 지역전계강화 효과가 소개된다. 프로그래밍 모드에서 EEPROM의 선형적 저장능력을 관찰하기 위해 MOSIS의 $1.2\;{\mu}m$ double-poly CMOS 공정을 이용하여 셀이 제작되었다. 그 결과 1.25V와 2V구간에서 10mV 미만의 오차 내에서 셀이 선형적으로 프로그램 되는 것을 보았다. 이러한 실험 결과를 이용하여 프로그램 가능한 A/B 변환기의 동작이 Hspice에서 시뮤레이션 되었으며, 그 결과 A/D 변환기가 $37\;{\mu}W$의 전력을 소모하고 동작주파수는 333MHz 정도인 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.945-951
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• 2007

잡음의 제거는 음성을 인터페이스로 하는 기기들에 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 실질적으로 통화 품질이나 음성 인식률은 음성 입력부의 주변에서 들어오는 원치 않는 가산성 잡음에 의해서 크게 열화된다. 본 논문에서는 기본적으로 두 개의 마이크로폰을 이용한 잡음제거 방법을 제안한다. 마이크를 여러 개 사용했을 때의 장점은 방향 정보를 이용할 수 있다는 것인데 이는 사람 목소리, 음악 소리 등의 비정상성 잡음을 제거하는 데에 유용하다. 제안된 잡음제거 알고리즘은 위너필터에 기반 한다고 볼 수 있다. 위너필터에 의한 잡음제거를 위해서는 검출하고자 하는 음성과 제거하고자 하는 잡음의 주파수 응답이 동시에 추정 가능해야 한다. 이를 위해서 주파수 영역에서 스펙트럼 분류를 시행하여 위너필터 기반의 잡음제거에 필요한 정보를 얻는다. 제안된 알고리즘을 이용한 성능은 잘 알려진 프로스트 (Frost) 알고리즘 및 적응 모드 컨트롤러를 갖는 generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC)와 비교하였다. 성능의 지표로는 객관적 음질 평가의 방법 중에서 널리 쓰이고 있는 perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) 및 음성 인식률이 사용되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.76-76
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• 2008

The resonance properties due to the surface plasmon(SP) excitation of metal nanoparticles make the nanocomposite films promising for various applications such as optical switching devices. In spite of the well-known ultra-sensitive operation of optical switches based on a guided wave, the application of nanocomposite film(NC) has inherent limitation originating from the excessive optical loss related with the surface plasmon resonance(SPR). In this study, we addressed this problem and present the experimental and theoretical analysis on the pump-probe optical switching in prism-coupled Au(1 vol.%):$SiO_2$ nanocomposite waveguide film. The guided mode was successfully generated using a near infrared probe beam of 1550 nm and modulated with an external pump beam of 532 nm close to the SPR wavelength. We extend our approach to ultra-fast operation using a pulsed laser with 5 ns pulse width. To improve the switching speed through the reduction in thermal loading effect accompanied by the resonant absorption of pump beam light, we adopted a metallic film as a coupling layer instead of low-index dielectric layer between the high-index SF10 prism and NC slab waveguide. We observed great enhancement in switching speed for the case of using metallic coupling layer, and founded a distinct difference in origin of optical nonlinearities induced during switching operation using cw and ns laser.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.106-111
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• 2001

The performance characteristics of heat pump system using the new refrigerant subcooling system were investigated. The new heat pump system has the ice storage tank to accumulate the latent heat of the refrigerant during the night-time. The heat is released to subcool the saturated refrigerant liquid at the outlet of a condenser in the daytime. The experimental apparatus is a well-instrumented heat pump which consisted of a refrigerant loop and a coolant loop. The test sections(condenser and evaporator) were made of tube-in-tube heat exchanger with the horizontal copper tube of 12.7[mm] outer diameter and 9.5[mm] inner diameter. The evaporating temperatures ranged from $-5[^{\circ}C]$ to $0[^{\circ}C]$ and the subcooling degrees of the refrigerant varied from $15[^{\circ}C]$ to $25[^{\circ}C]$. The test of the ice storage was carried out at evaporating temperature of $-10[^{\circ}C]$ and the ice storage mode is an ice-on-coil type. The main results were summarized as follows ; The refrigerant mass flow rate and compressor shaft power of the heat pump system were independent of the subcooling degrees. The cooling capacity o the heat pump system increases as the evaporating temperature and subcooling degree increases. The cooling capacity of the heat pump system is about 25 to 30% higher than that of normal heat pump system. The COP of the heat pump system which subcooled the refrigerant liquid at the outlet of the condenser is about 28% higher than that of the normal heat pump system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2005

Objective: In this study, the effects of Liriope Platyphylla against LPS-induced inflammation was investigated. Methods: Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. To identify expressions of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA, RT-PCR was performed. Assessment of PGE2 synthesis was performed using the PGE2 immunoassay. Measurement of NO synthesis was performed using the NO detection. Result : The MTT assay revealed that Liriope Platyphylla exerted no significant cytotoxicity in the microglial BV2 cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of COX-2 and iNOS were significantly decreased in the LPS- and 5 mg/ml Liriope Platyphylla treated group. From the PGE2 immunoassay and NO detection, PGE2 and NO synthesis was significantly suppressed in the LPS- and 5 mg/ml Liriope Platyphylla treated group. Conclusion : In these study, Liriope Platyphylla was shown to suppress PGE2 and NO production by inhibiting LPS-stimulated enhancement of COX-2 enzyme activity and iNOS expression. It is very possible that Liriope Platyphylla can offer a valuable mode of therapy for the treatment of brain inflammatory diseases.