• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2012

Numerous studies suggested that fish assemblage structure reflects the status of stream ecosystems. The status of streams integrity, including various trophic levels, water quality and habitat degradation, can be assessed by fish assemblages. In this study, we investigated the relationships between fish assemblages and streamline geometry of streams. Previous studies suggested that geomorphologic parameter can be a critical factor of permeability between adjacent two systems. From a landscape ecological perspective, edges may partially control the flow rate of energy between two adjacent systems. Thus, the Streamline geometry can be a geomorphologic parameter that exhibits the integrity of stream. We selected the Nakdong river for study areas, which is one of major rivers and the longest (525 km) River in South Korea. We used the revised IBI representing overall ecological characteristics of Korean fish assemblages and eight sub-assessment criteria of IBI, collected from 82 sampling sites in the Nakdong River. For calculating the Streamline geometry, we measured fractal dimension index that generally used in biology, ecology and landscape ecology. We used the digital land-use/land-cover map and generated a 1-km buffer for each sampling site and refined the shape of the Streamlines. Pearson correlation analyses were performed between Streamline geometry and IBI and sub-assessment criteria of IBI. The results show that IBI and eight sub-assessments of fish are significantly correlated with geometry of Streamline. The fractal dimension of Streamline geometry were related with IBI (r = 0.48) and six sub-assessments of IBI, including total number of native fish and native species, the number of riffle benthic species, sensitive species, tolerant species and native insectivore. Especially, the number of tolerant species(r = -0.52) and native insectivore(r = 0.52) show strong correlation with geometry of Streamline. These results indicate that lower Streamline geometry can result in poor fish assemblages, while higher geometry of Streamline can enhance fish assemblages by potentially supplying insects and better habitat conditions. We expect the results of our study to be useful for stream restoration and management. However, we see the necessity of study investigating the mechanisms how Streamline geometry affect fish assemblages.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1986

The present survey was designed to investigate correlations among blood pressure, nutritional intakes, and various environmental factors in Korean adult males, and to observe the difference in dietary intakes between hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. Two hundred forty-three adult men from Seoul and rural areas were interviewed about their food intakes, dietary patterns, food habits, and general environmental factors from December 20, 1982 to February 15, 1983. Their dietary intakes were surveyed by means of 24-hour recall diet method. Dietary score card was used in order to evaluate the quality of routine diet of the subject. Variables of environmental factors and factors related to hypertension were expressed as percentage, and the differences in nutrient intake and food score of each sub-group were examined by means of t-test. Correlation of all the variables were analyzed by Pearsons Correlation Coefficient. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. 38% of the subjects were between the ages of 40~49, and about one-half of the subjects were middle or high school graduates. 28% of the subjects earned 210, 000~350, 000 Won per month, and income distribution was almost identical to that of the urban population of Korea. 2. There was more overweight or obese found in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive subjects. About 40% of the hypertensive patients reported a family history of hypertension, and their knowledge about hypertension was rather poor, but slightly better than the normotensive subjects. The patient group had less adherence to smoking and alcohol compared with the normotensive subjects, but no difference was observed in coffee drinking. The mean value of the blood pressure for the normotensive subjects was 127/86mmHg and 175/109mmHg for the hypertensive group. 3. Nutrient intake for the hypertensive group was lower for most of nutrients than in the healthy group. Hypertensive patients on diet therapy consumed less calories and carbohydrates compared with those who do not follow diet therapy. 4. There was no difference intake of these food groups between patients and the healthy group. Food score was strongly related to consumption of animal protein, saturated fats, Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, and Vitamin C, which are prone to be deficient in the typical Korean diet. 5. Blood pressure had a strong positive correlation with age, body weight, and socioeconomic level. In addition, monthly income was positively related with age and education level. 6. Three was a positive relationship between blood pressure and consumption of vegetable protein, and a negative relationship with consumption of Calories, Carbohydrates, Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Niacin, and Vitamin C. Animal protein intake increased as income and education levels increased, but this tendency was opposite for carbohydrates. In summary, nutritional intakes are strongly correlated with various environmental factors and the level of blood pressure. There was no difference between normotensive and hypertensive subjects with respect to the quality of food consumed except restricting energy and carbohydrate in the patient group.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.447-455
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• 2019

극한지에서 LNG 저장구조물을 건설할 때 현장 타설 방식으로 제작 및 시공되는 경우, 열악한 작업 환경 및 조건으로 의해 공사금액 및 공사기간이 증가되는 문제점이 발생할 수 있어 모듈형 에너지 저장탱크에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 LNG 연료 저장탱크의 경량화를 위해 SCP 모듈의 사용을 대안으로 제시하고자 하였다. 이에 SCP 모듈을 두께별로 제작하고 그에 따른 휨성능을 평가함으로써 SCP 구조의 LNG 연료 저장탱크에 대한 현장적용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 두께 100mm 실험체는 설계상 극한하중인 413 kN까지는 선형을 유지하면서 증가하다가 기울기가 급격하게 변하면서 파괴되었다. 두께 200mm 실험체 또한 설계상 극한하중인 약 822 kN까지 선형을 유지하다가 파괴양상을 보였다. 두 조건 모두 SCP의 휨 시험에서 INCA guidance의 기준대로 철판이 항복에 도달할 때까지 선형 거동을 나타내었다가 극한하중이후에는 급격한 철판 항복을 동반하는 거동을 하였다. 또한, 목표로 제시한 설계 휨강도를 만족하여 SCP 모듈을 활용하여 LNG 저장탱크 외조구조물에 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 추후 압축, 전단 시험 등을 추가로 진행하여 SCP의 구조성능에 대한 평가가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.506-525
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• 1992

Older people, because of the psychological and physiological changes related to the aging process are more vulnerable to experiencing powerlessness than any other age group. This self destructive cycle of depression in older people related to the experience of continued and long term powerlessness can lead even to death. The purpose of this study was to measure powerlessness and resources to increase power in older people, and to measure the effectiveness of a psychological rehabilitation program for reducing powerlessness. The research methodology used was a two step process. In the first step, a survey was done of perceived powerlessness and power resources comparing four groups of elderly people ; those living at home, those in hospital, those living in nursing homes and those attending educational programs for the elderly. The total sample size was 236. In the second step, a psychological rehabilitation program was carried out, pre and post measurements were taken related to this program. The sample consisted of 29 residents in a nursing home. The results of the study are as follows : 1. Powerlessness was classified as cognitive, emotional, activity and learning. The lowest score for powerlessness was in the area of activity, that is the people in the sample felt more power concerning their activities. The highest score was in the area of cognition where they felt they had less power. 2. When the different groups of elderly were compared, it was found that the residents of the nursing home had the highest score on perceived powerlessness and the group who were living at home had the lowest score. 3. Among the general characteristics, the factors influencing the powerlessness score were age, sex, level of education, financial resources and health status. In the interaction effects among these factors, it was found that level of education and health status were factors influencing perceived powerlessness. The elderly with lower education and poorer health status had the higher scores for perceived powerlessness. 4. The power resources could be classified into the following areas : physical strength, emotional strength, positive self-image, energy, knowledge, motivation and belief system. Belief system was given the highest score among the power resources and energy, knowledge and motivation were given low scores. 5. The group participating in an educational program for the elderly had the highest score for power resources while the group made up of residents of a nursing home had the lowest score as well as the highest score for perceived powerlessness. 6. The factors influencing the power resource scores were sex, level of education, financial resources and health status. In the analysis of the interaction effect among the factors, it was found that sex, level of education and financial resources were the factors that influenced the power resource score, that is, women, those with a low level of education and those with poor financial resources reported a lower level of power resources. 7. There was a negative correlation between perceived powerlessness and power resources in the elderly in this study. Since power resources explainded 49% of the variance for powerlessness, it can be concluded that the power resources can be used to reduce powerlessness. 8. The psychological rehabilitation program was carried out with the nursing home residents over a period of five weeks. No statistically significant difference was found in the scores on powerlessness between the pre and post tests, but there was a slight decrease in the raw scores on the post test for emotional, activity and learning powerlessness. There was a statistically significant increase in the power resource scores for emotional strength, positive self-image, energy, knowledge and motivation in the post test as compared to the pre test. In conclusion, the study indicates that a psychological rehabilitation program for the elderly could be effective in increasing power resources and this in turn could lead to a decrease in perceived powerlessness.

• 한국국제농업개발학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.328-338
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• 2018

본 연구는 동서양을 잇는 유라시아 지역에 위치한 중앙아시아 3개국의 농업현황과 농업기술협력 현황, SWOT 분석을 통해 농업분야 진출 방안 등에 대한 논하고자 하며, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 우즈베키스탄, 카자흐스탄, 키르기즈스탄은 농촌인구 비중이 상당히 높고 농업에 종사하는 인구도 많은 국가들로써, 천연자원이 풍부하고 경제성장율이 높아 앞으로 발전 가능성이 상당히 높고 고려인이 많이 거주하고 우리나라고 진출하는데 용이한 국가들 중 하나이다. 2. 또한, 이들 국가들은 농업발전을 위해 정책자금, 연구단지 조성, 외국인 투자 등 강력한 정책 추진으로 농업을 통한 경제발전을 이루고자 한다. 3. 우리나라는 이들 3개국과 1972년부터 농업기술 훈련을 통해 총 107명을 훈련하였으며, 우즈베키스탄 KOPIA 센터를 통해 농업생산성 향상에 대한 공동연구를 수행하고 있고 농산업 진출을 위해 카자흐스탄, 키르기즈스탄에 국내 농기자재 해외테스트 시험 및 실증으로 우리 기업의 진출 가능성에 대한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 4. 온도 편차가 심한 기후적 특성으로 과채류 및 하우스시설에 대한 수요가 증가되고 있으며 자국내 농업생산물의 자급율을 높이기 위해 외국인 투자 유치를 통한 생산성 향상에 힘 쓰고 있는 것과 더불어 농업기계화를 통한 시설 현대화에도 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 지리적으로 가까운 중국은 일대 일로 정책과 함께 상대적으로 높은 가격경쟁력을 바탕으로 중앙아시아 시장을 선점해 나가고 있는 상황이다. 5. 국내 농산물과 농기자재산업이 포화상태로 새로운 수출시장이 절실히 필요한 상황으로 높은 경제 성장률 및 인구증가율을 바탕으로 성장하는 중앙아시아 시장에 대해 사전에 시장을 분석함으로써 진출의 위험을 최소화하는 것이 필요하다. SWOT 분석을 통해 이들 국가의 내외부 환경에 대한 사전 인식을 바탕으로 우리나라에 비해 저렴한 노동임금과 풍부한 노동력을 보유하고 있고 지리적으로 유라시아 시장의 중심부에 위치하여 향후 급변하는 남북의 철도시대를 대비한 중앙 아시아의 물류 허브의 역할을 수행할 수 있는 이들 지역에 지금이나마 진출을 활성화해야 할 것이다. 또한, K-Pop, 드라마 등 한류문화의 유입으로 인한 한국제품에 대한 선호도가 높으며 다양한 발전 정책으로 인해 시장이 열려 있어 철저한 준비를 통한다면 무한한 기회가 될 것이며 상대적으로 높은 우리 기자재의 가격 경쟁력만 확보 된다면 수출 가능성이 있을 것으로 예측된다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2010

남해의 여수와 돌산도 사이에 위치하는 협수로의 해양환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집의 계절변동 특성을 파악하기 위해 2005년 9월에서 2006년 5월까지 30개 정점을 대상으로 4회에 걸쳐 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 표층해 수의 수온, 염분 및 소광계수는 각각 $5.6{\sim}26.3^{\circ}C$, 25.36~33.92 psu 및 0.13~2.13의 범위를 나타내었다. 수온은 여름과 봄에 가막만에서 높고, 가을과 겨울은 여수해만에서 더욱 높았다. 염분은 하수처리 배출구 인근해역을 제외하면 조사기간 동안 전 해역에서 균일한 분포를 나타내었다. 소광계수는 여수해만보다 가막만과 하수처리 배출구 인근 해역에서 높아 더욱 혼탁한 해수특성을 나타내었다. 식물플랑크톤은 총 51속 99종이 확인되었으며, 여름과 가을에 다양한 종 조성을 나타내었으나 중심목 규조류의 비율이 높은 겨울과 봄은 상대적으로 빈약한 종수를 보였다. 계절별 우점종은 여름에 Skeletonema costatum과 Chaetoceros curvisetus, 가을과 겨울은 Eucampia zodiacus, 그리고 봄은 Chaetoceros affinis와 Thalassionema nitzschioides로 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량과 Chl-$\alpha$ 농도는 각각 $0.2{\times}10^4{\sim}296{\times}10^4\;cells\;L^{-1}$와 $1.94{\sim}22.12\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$의 범위를 보였으며, 하계 가막만에서 월등히 높은 값을 나타내었다. 주성분 분석결과에 따르면, 돌산도 북부해역은 해양환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집특성으로부터 2개 또는 3개의 해역으로 세분되는 것으로 나타났다.