• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1330-1333
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• 2004

The methodology for modeling building energy consumption is well established for energy saving calculation in the temperate zone both for performance-based energy retrofitting contracts and measurement and verification (M&V) projects. Mostly, statistical regression models based on utility bills and outdoor dry-bulb temperature have been applied to baseline monthly and annual whole building energy use. This paper presents the application of neural networks (NN) to model landlord energy consumption of commercial buildings in Singapore. Firstly, a brief background information on NN and its application on the building energy research is provided. Secondly, five commercial buildings with various characteristics were selected for case studies. Monthly mean outdoor dry-bulb temperature ($T_0$), Relative Humidity (RH) and Global Solar Radiation (GSR) are used as network inputs and the landlord monthly energy consumption of the same period is the output. Up to three years monthly data are taken as training data. A forecast has been made for another year for all the five buildings. The performance of the NN analysis was evaluated using coefficient of variance (CV). The results show that NNs is powerful at predicting annual landlord energy consumption with high accuracy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.613-624
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the relationship between income distribution and energy consumption from a Pareto optimal approach. For this purpose, the causality relationship between electricity consumption per capita (kWh) with respect to country groups and energy consumption per capita (kg of oil equivalent) along with gross domestic product per capita was analyzed. In addition to this purpose, a Pareto analysis was conducted to determine the countries with the highest per capita national income, how much of the world total energy they consume, and whether the law of power in the energy and electricity markets exists. Finally, the impact of official development assistance provided to low-income countries by high-income countries on the low-income countries' electricity and energy consumption was analyzed. In other words, it was questioned whether pareto redistribution policies serve the purpose or not. The Engle-Granger causality approach was used in the analysis of the causality relationship between variables. Our analysis indicated that, first, the energy data of the country groups may be inadequate in revealing income inequalities. Second, the existence of Pareto law of power and global income inequality can be explained based on energy data. Finally, Pareto optimal redistribution policies to eliminate income inequality remain inadequate in practice.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

Most energy using in building part is mainly consumed for heating and cooling to meet occupancy's comfort temperature. Generally, heating energy consumption show high value than cooling energy in Korea because of high temperature difference in winter season as compared with summer in apartment building. The efforts to develope mechanical performance have been studied to reduce energy consumption in building energy field until now. However, the energy consumption in building is impacted by not only system performance but also PMV particularly at temperature and Clo value. This means that energy consumption can be changed by occupancy's comfort setting temperature in apartment building. This study investigated the passibility of overheating in apartment building by occupant' slow Clo and its setting temperature from preceding research and then the heating energy consumption by setting temperature was calculated with ESP-r. The effects of heating energy and $CO_2$ reduction are also evaluated quantitatively with Clo value. The results showed that keeping ISO-7730 standards can reduce heating energy up to 21% in compared with option 2; also, wearing underclothes with ISO-7730 standard can considerably reduce heating energy consumption up to 50%. As compared with option 2, the reduction of $CO_2$ emission for option 3 showed 0.63TCO2 of kerosene, 0.49TCO2 of LNG and 1.09TCO2 of electricity. The option 4 can be reduced by 1.48TCO2 of kerosene, 1.16TCO2 of LNG and 2.57TCO2 of electricity respectively.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.451-460
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• 2013

This paper presents the necessary elements and data flow in developing a monitoring system of energy usage for apartment houses with a Smart TV. Energy consumption data in each home are collected and analyzed in the HUB station by way of measuring instruments. And the amount of energy usage, such as electricity, gas, hot water, heating, water and other utilities are displayed through the Smart TV application. Energy consumption Database in the HUB station are processed and displayed in the browser of a Smart TV through XML, JAVASCRIPT and Flash. Smart TV users can get the energy consumption status through the energy consumption analysis display of the Smart TV application and improve the energy efficiency by comparing the usage patterns with neighboring houses. And the application display energy usage information, consumption ranking, rates to user as well. Furthermore, usage of last month or year can be compared to help to reduce the energy usage. The proposed system can provide the information about the amount of energy use to be reduced and the warning on the waste of energy.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Government has recently restricted heating and cooling set temperatures for the commercial and public buildings due to increasing national energy consumption. The goal of this paper is to visualize a future two way indoor set temperature control impact on building energy consumption by using TRNSYS simulation modeling. The building was modelled based on the twin test cell with the same dimension. Air source ground coupled heat pump performance data has been used for modeling by TRNSYS 17. Daejeon weather data has been used from Korea Solar Energy Society. The heating set temperature in the reference room is $24^{\circ}C$ as well as the target room set temperature are $23^{\circ}C$, $22^{\circ}C$, $21^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The cooling set temperature of the reference room is also $24^{\circ}C$ as well as the target room set temperature of $25^{\circ}C$, $26^{\circ}C$, $27^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$. For the air source heat pump system, heating season energy consumption is $35.52kWh/m^2y$ in the reference room. But the heating energy consumption in the target room is reduced to 7.5% whenever the set temperature decreased every $1^{\circ}C$. The cooling energy consumption in the reference room is $4.57kWh/m^2y$. On the other hand, the energy consumption in the target room is reduced to 22% whenever the set temperature increased every $1^{\circ}C$ by two way controller. For the geothermal heat pump system, heating energy consumption in the reference room is reduced to 20.7%. The target room heating energy consumption is reduced to 32.6% when the set temperature is $22^{\circ}C$. The energy consumption in the target room is reduced to 59.5% when the set temperature is $26^{\circ}C$.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1092-1101
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to develop energy saving strategies for indoor swimming pools and to estimate the effect of each energy saving strategy. For this purpose, field measurements regarding pool water heating energy, domestic hot water heating energy are conducted and a base energy consumption model is implemented using the DOE-2.1E program. The results of the study reveal that 25% of the total pool water heating energy may be saved by using night time pool covers, 27% of the total domestic hot water heating energy may be saved by using a waste water heat recovery system (effic. 60%), and of the total ventilation energy may be saved using an exhaust air heat recovery system (effic. 60%).

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2024

Building energy management plays a crucial role in improving energy efficiency and optimizing energy usage. To achieve this, it is important to monitor and analyze energy-related data from buildings in real time using sensors to understand energy consumption patterns and establish optimal operational strategies. Because of the uncertainties in building energy-related data, there are challenges in analyzing these data and formulating operational strategies based on them. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology can help overcome these challenges. This paper investigates past and current research trends in AI technology and examines its future prospects for building energy management. By performing prediction and analysis based on energy consumption or supply data, the future energy demands of buildings can be forecasted and energy consumption can be optimized. Additionally, data related to the surrounding environment, occupancy, and other building energy-related factors can be collected and analyzed using sensors to establish operational strategies aimed at further reducing energy consumption and increasing efficiency. These technologies will contribute to cost savings and help minimize environmental impacts for building owners and operators, ultimately facilitating sustainable building operations.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

In case of school buildings, energy consumption has been noticeably on the increase, along with the changes in outdoor temperature triggered by the improvement in national economic development and educational environments. Research on the characteristics of energy consumption in school buildings influenced by the changes in outdoor temperature is considered very significant in social aspects in that it will be fundamental to the suggestion of the alternatives, such as saving energy consumption in construction buildings and control of emitting carbon dioxide. In this regard, this study examined sensitivity to temperature of power consumption in school buildings, based on the changes of outdoor temperature for the past five years in the target buildings of elementary, middle and high schools and the amount of energy consumption. From the results, it has been believed that this study was very significant in terms of figuring out a quantitative, optimum level of energy consumption, maintenance of pleasant environments and functions, and the necessity of effective energy use and management in school buildings.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.97-122
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• 2013

우리나라의 1971년~2009년 시계열자료를 이용하여 소득 및 에너지소비와 $CO_2$ 배출량 간 동태적 관계를 분석한다. 자기시차분포(ARDL: Autoregressive Distributed Lag) 방법을 이용하여 소득 및 에너지소비와 $CO_2$ 배출량의 장 단기적 관계를 분석하고, Toda and Yamamoto 방법을 사용하여 주요 변수들 간 인과성을 분석한다. 추정 결과 에너지소비 및 소득과 $CO_2$ 배출량 간 장기균형관계가 존재하고 일시적 외생충격에 의해 불균형이 발생하더라도 빠르게 균형으로 회복되는 것으로 나타났다. 소득과 $CO_2$ 배출량은 장 단기적으로 N자형의 관계로 EKC 가설은 성립하지 않았다. $CO_2$ 배출량에 대한 에너지소비 장 단기탄력성은 양(+)이고, 에너지소비 장기탄력성이 단기탄력성보다 크게 나타났다. 인과성 측면에서 에너지소비량과 $CO_2$ 배출량은 쌍방향의 인과성이 존재하고, $CO_2$ 배출량 및 에너지소비는 소득에 일 방향의 인과성이 존재하는 반면에 그 역은 성립하지 않았다. 에너지소비가 직 간접적으로 소득보다 $CO_2$ 배출의 예측에 중요한 변수일 가능성을 제시한다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2020

Various efforts have been initiated to reduce the energy consumption of the compressor as it is one of the approaches to saving a large portion of the fixed cost of the production site. Various results of reducing the energy consumption of the compressor have been reported, but to reduce the energy consumption of the compressors fundamentally, regular management of the compressor should ensure optimum operation. This requires periodic on-site visits by experts, but is often overlooked as a cost issue, resulting in the use of the compressor in low-efficiency conditions. Thus, it is necessary to develop a low-cost evaluation technology for compressor condition monitoring and efficiency analysis to ensure that the compressor is always driven at the optimum efficiency without imposing undue burden on the compressor user. In this study, a sensor was installed at the inlet, outlet, and power supply of the compressor, and a method for evaluating the energy consumption of the compressor using the minimum sensor was derived. The experimental results are presented to show the validity of the proposed method. It was confirmed that the energy consumption of the compressor can be easily as well as efficiently evaluated by using the method developed in this study.