• 멤브레인
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2018

탄소나노튜브(CNT) 기반의 멤브레인은 높은 물 전달률과 직경에 따른 이온 배제율로 해수담수, 물질 정화 등을 위한 분리막으로써의 가능성을 보여 주었다. 이온 선택성은 CNT 기반 멤브레인의 응용 분야를 확대하기 위한 중요한 요소이며, 기능기를 이용하여 이온 선택성의 조절이 가능함이 보고되었다. 다양한 원자가/크기의 이온이 혼합될 경우, 이온-기능기간 작용력 뿐만 아니라 이온-이온간의 작용력, 이온의 크기에 의한 반발력 등이 복합적으로 작용한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 분자동역학 전산모사를 통하여, 상이한 원자가/크기를 가진 이온의 혼합이 기능화된 CNT의 이온 선택성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. Potential of Mean Force 계산을 통하여 이온 투과에 대한 자유 에너지 장벽을 계산하였으며, CNT 크기 변화, 전하량 변화를 통하여 이온 선택성과 배제에 영향을 미치는 요소를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 CNT 멤브레인을 이용한 분리막 설계, 생체 이온 전달 채널 모사 등에 유용할 것으로 기대한다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.257-273
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• 2019

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown and economically important vegetable crops in the world. Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is one of the recently emerged viruses of tomato distributed worldwide. ToCV-tomato interaction was investigated at the molecular level for determining changes in the expression of tomato genes in response to ToCV infection in this study. A cDNA library enriched with genes induced in response to ToCV infection were constructed and 240 cDNAs were sequenced from this library. The macroarray analysis of 108 cDNAs revealed that the expression of 92 non-redundant tomato genes was induced by 1.5-fold or greater in response to ToCV infection. The majority of ToCV-induced genes identified in this study were associated with a variety of cellular functions including transcription, defense and defense signaling, metabolism, energy, transport facilitation, protein synthesis and fate and cellular biogenesis. Twenty ToCV-induced genes from different functional groups were selected and induction of 19 of these genes in response to ToCV infection was validated by RT-qPCR assay. Finally, the expression of 6 selected genes was analyzed in different stages of ToCV infection from 0 to 45 dpi. While the expression of three of these genes was only induced by ToCV infection, others were induced both by ToCV infection and wounding. The result showed that ToCV induced the basic defense response and activated the defense signaling in tomato plants at different stages of the infection. Functions of these defense related genes and their potential roles in disease development and resistance to ToCV are also discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2019

Objective: Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays an important role in meat quality. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes related to pig IMF, especially using pig populations with high IMF content variation, can help to establish novel molecular breeding tools for optimizing IMF in pork and unveil the mechanisms that underlie fat metabolism. Methods: We collected muscle samples of 453 Chinese Lulai black pigs, measured IMF content by Soxhlet petroleum-ether extraction method, and genotyped genome-wide SNPs using GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Porcine HD BeadChip. Then a genome-wide association study was performed using a linear mixed model implemented in the GEMMA software. Results: A total of 43 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with IMF content by the cutoff p<0.001. Among these significant SNPs, the greatest number of SNPs (n = 19) were detected on Chr.9, and two linkage disequilibrium blocks were formed among them. Additionally, 17 significant SNPs are mapped to previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of IMF and confirmed previous QTLs studies. Forty-two annotated genes centering these significant SNPs were obtained from Ensembl database. Overrepresentation test of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms revealed some enriched reactome pathways and GO terms, which mainly involved regulation of basic material transport, energy metabolic process and signaling pathway. Conclusion: These findings improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of IMF content in pork and facilitate the follow-up study of fine-mapping genes that influence fat deposition in muscle.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2018

Fast periodic pulsed reactor is a type of reactor in which the fission bursts are formed entirely with external reactivity modulation with a specified time periodicity. This type of reactors could generate much larger intensity of neutron beams for experimental use, compared with the steady state reactors. In the design of fast periodic pulsed reactors, the time dependent simulation of the power pulse is majorly based on a point kinetic model, which is known to have limitations. A more accurate calculation method is desired for the design analyses of fast periodic pulsed reactors. Monte Carlo computer code MCNP6 is used for this task due to its three dimensional transport capability with a continuous energy library. Some new routines were added to simulate the rotation of the movable reflector parts in the time dependent calculation. Fast periodic pulsed reactor IBR-2M was utilized to validate the new routines. This reactor is periodically in prompt supercritical state, which lasts for ${\sim}400{\mu}s$, during the equilibrium state. This generates long neutron fission chains, which requires tremendously large amount of computation time during Monte Carlo simulations. Russian Roulette was applied for these very long neutron chains in MCNP6 calculation, combined with other approaches to improve the efficiency of the simulations. In the power pulse of the IBR-2M at equilibrium state, there is some discrepancy between the experimental measurements and the calculated results using the point kinetics model. MCNP6 results matches better the experimental measurements, which shows the merit of using MCNP6 calculation relative to the point kinetics model.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2021

Size distributions of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and its water-soluble organic and inorganic components were measured between January and February 2021 at an urban site in Gwangju in order to identify the major factors that determine their size distributions. Their size distributions during the study period were mainly divided into two groups. In the first group, PM, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺ and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) exhibited bi-modal size distributions with a dominant condensation mode at a particle size of 0.32 ㎛. This group was dominated by local production of secondary water-soluble components under atmospheric stagnation and low relative humidity (RH) conditions, rather than long-range transportation of aerosol particles from China. On the other hand, in the second group, they showed tri-modal size distributions with a very pronounced droplet mode at a diameter of 1.0 ㎛. These size distributions were attributable to the local generation and accumulation of secondary aerosol particles under atmospheric conditions such as atmospheric stagnation and high RH, and an increase in the influx of atmospheric aerosol particles by long-distance transportation abroad. Contributions of droplet mode NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺ and WSOC to fine particles in the second group were significantly higher than those in the first group period. However, their condensation mode contributions were about two-fold higher in the first group than in the second group. The significant difference in the size distribution of the accumulation mode of the WSOC and secondary ionic components between the two groups was due to the influx of aerosol particles with a long residence time by long-distance transport from China and local weather conditions (e.g., RH).

• 응용통계연구
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.739-751
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• 2020

서울시는 시민의 건강 증진과 이산화탄소 저감을 통한 저탄소 녹색성장 실현을 목표로 2015년부터 2020년 현재까지 공공자전거 대여소를 확장하고 있다. 매년 공공자전거에 대한 시민들의 접근성과 이용률이 증가하고 있으며, 이에 서울시는 수요와 접근성을 모두 고려한 공공자전거 대여소 신규 입지를 확장하고자 노력하고 있다. 공공자전거 대여소 위치는 주변 지형지물에 영향을 받으며, 수요량은 지역적 특성에 영향을 받으므로 이들을 고려한 신규 대여소 입지를 선정해야 할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 서울시 공공자전거의 새로운 입지 선정을 위하여 2019년 서울시 공공자전거 데이터와 지리정보체계, 대중교통, 인구 등의 데이터를 전처리하여 신규 대여소 거치가 가능한 장소를 선별하고, 랜덤 포레스트를 이용하여 신규 대여소의 이용량을 예측하였다. 이를 바탕으로 평균 경사도, 대중교통과의 거리, 특화 시설과의 거리, 하천과의 거리 등이 자전거 이용량에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요소임을 도출할 수 있었다. 본 결과는 신규 대여소 설치 지역을 결정하는데 객관적인 통계적 지표가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2021

The demand for eco-friendly energy is expected to increase due to the recently strengthened environmental regulations. In particular, the flow inside the pipe used in a cargo handling system (CHS) or fuel gas supply system (FGSS) of hydrogen transport ships and hydrogen-powered ships exhibits a very complex pattern of multiphase-thermal flow, including the boiling phenomenon and high accuracy analysis is required concerning safety. In this study, a feasibility study applying the boiling model was conducted to analyze the multiphase-thermal flow in the pipe considering the phase change. Two types of boiling models were employed and compared to implement the subcooled boiling phenomenon in nucleate boiling numerically. One was the "Rohsenow boiling model", which is the most commonly used one among the VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) boiling models under the Eulerian-Eulerian framework. The other was the "wall boiling model", which is suitable for nucleate boiling among the Eulerian multiphase models. Moreover, a comparative study was conducted by combining the nucleate site density and bubble departure diameter model that could influence the accuracy of the wall boiling model. A comparison of the Rohsenow boiling and the wall boiling models showed that the wall boiling model relatively well represented the process of bubble formation and development, even though more computation time was consumed. Among the combination of models used in the wall boiling model, the simulation results were affected significantly by the bubble departure diameter model, which had a very close relationship with the grid size. The present results are expected to provide useful information for identifying the characteristics of various parameters of the boiling model used in CFD simulations of multiphase-thermalflow, including phase change and selecting the appropriate parameters.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.711-717
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• 2011

전자충격반응을 고려한 three moment 플라즈마 모델과 전기적 중성성분의 반응을 고려한 유체 유동 모델을 결합하여 용량결합형 산소플라즈마에 대한 2차원적 전산모사 연구를 수행하였다. 전자의 에너지에 의하여 좌우되는 전자충격반응에 대한 반응속도는 전자와 $O_2$ 및 O 사이의 전자충돌단면적으로부터 계산되었다. 플라즈마 모델과 유체 유동 모델을 결합하고 상세한 반응메커니즘을 포함시킴으로써 전하를 띠는 전자와 이온($O_2{^+}$, $O^+$, $O_2{^-}$, and $O^-$) 그리고 기저상태의 산소($O_2$ and O)뿐만 아니라 $O_2(a^1{\Delta}_g)$, $O_2(b^1{{\Sigma}_g}^+)$, $O(^1D)$, $O(^1S)$ 등과 같이 산소플라즈마 특성에 중요한 역할을 하는 준안정상태 성분들의 시공간적 분포를 예측할 수 있었다. 또한 산소플라즈마의 전산모사로부터 sheath 경계에 이중층이 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

This paper deals with damage detection using a Gapped Smoothing Method (GSM) combined with deep learning. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a model of deep learning. CNN has an input layer, an output layer, and a number of hidden layers that consist of convolutional layers. The input layer is a tensor with shape (number of images) × (image width) × (image height) × (image depth). An activation function is applied each time to this tensor passing through a hidden layer and the last layer is the fully connected layer. After the fully connected layer, the output layer, which is the final layer, is predicted by CNN. In this paper, a complete machine learning system is introduced. The training data was taken from a Finite Element (FE) model. The input images are the contour plots of curvature gapped smooth damage index. A free-free beam is used as a case study. In the first step, the FE model of the beam was used to generate data. The collected data were then divided into two parts, i.e. 70% for training and 30% for validation. In the second step, the proposed CNN was trained using training data and then validated using available data. Furthermore, a vibration experiment on steel damaged beam in free-free support condition was carried out in the laboratory to test the method. A total number of 15 accelerometers were set up to measure the mode shapes and calculate the curvature gapped smooth of the damaged beam. Two scenarios were introduced with different severities of the damage. The results showed that the trained CNN was successful in detecting the location as well as the severity of the damage in the experimental damaged beam.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

열가소성 섬유강화 복합재료는 수송용 기기의 경량화 소재로써 적용 분야가 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 분자량이 다른 폴리카보네이트(PC)를 이용하여 연속섬유 강화 유리섬유(GF)/폴리카보네이트(PC) 복합소재의 함침성 및 기계적 물성에 대한 평가를 진행하였다. GF 직물과 PC 필름을 제조한 후, 이를 이용하여 연속가압성형법으로 연속섬유 강화 GF/PC 복합재 평판을 제조하였다. PC 분자량에 따른 용융지수를 측정 및 평가하였고, GF 제직물 강화 GF/PC 복합재료의 인장강도, 굴곡강도, 압축강도 및 기공체적률을 평가하였다. 전계방사형 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 인장파괴된 GF/PC 복합재료의 형태를 분석하여 파괴거동을 확인하였다. 분자량이 20,000일 때 최적의 기계적 특성이 발현되는 것을 확인하였다.