• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.367-391
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• 2022

We develop an energy-economy Bayesian DSGE model with the two sectors of electricity generations-traditional (fossil, nuclear) and renewable energy. Under imperfect substitutability between the two sectors, a technological shock on renewable energy sectors does not sufficient to facilitate energy conversion and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Technology innovation on greenhouse gas emission reduction is also required. More importantly, sufficient investment should be derived by a well-functioning electricity market where electricity price plays a signal role in efficient allocation of resources. Indeed, market rigidities cause reduced consumption.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present an efficient emission reduction ratio of plastic to reduce carbon dioxide, the main cause of greenhouse gases. Research design, data and methodology: This study calculated the absolute value of carbon dioxide by setting an equation through the emission coefficient using the US EPA's WARM model. Results: In the recycling ratio of 70%, it was found that the energy recovery ratio was 15.6%, which was the energy recovery ratio without generating carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide is generated by changing plastic waste emissions, optimal efficiency is achieved by reducing emissions by 10% to 30% of energy recovery ratio, 20% to 50% of energy recovery ratio, and 30% to 80% or more of energy recovery ratio. Conclusions: The recycling rate should be set at a minimum of 70%, so that a carbon dioxide-free energy recovery rate could be obtained during the recycling process, supporting an eco-friendly basis for environmental policies aimed at this rate. In addition, it was possible to suggest that it is essential to reduce emissions by at least 30% for eco-friendly recycling measures that can achieve both economic and environmental feasibility in the energy recovery process through incineration during recycling in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

Geographic information system (GIS) based renewable energy resource map including potential analysis can play a crucial role not only to develop the national plan for renewable energy deployment but also to make strategic investment decision in the private sector. Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) has been developing domestic maps about several resources such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal, as well as conducting research on methodologies for potential analysis. Furthermore, the institute is trying to transfer related technologies and know-how to foreign countries, recently. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to introduce the business model of renewable energy resource map. From the value chain analysis, we focus on the government-side market in foreign countries, such as the development of the national level renewable energy resource map and the support of the national renewable energy plan. For about 180 countries, we segment the customers according to the consideration of economic capacity, renewable energy resource capacity, existence of renewable resource map, current portion of renewable energy facility capacity, and renewable energy policies, and we conclude that the target customers are non-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (non-OECD) countries or some OECD countries, their per capita GDP are under the average among OECD countries, that do not have renewable resource map yet. We segment the target customers into four groups, and suggest different strategies for market positioning and financing strategy based on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis. This study can help to develop the business strategy about the development of renewable energy resource map in foreign countries.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-15
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• 2009

To accomplish the greenhouse gas reduction which is over core unit project of the "Green growth" policy and "Resource circulation society", it is important to maintain proper balance and complement between energy recovery from waste and material recycling. This research(study) examined the related policies on the past of korea and foreign country, and also "The 4th resource recycling master plan" and "Energy recovery from waste plan" to provide advisable direction for resource recycling policy. The results of the research(study) showed that there were no significant difference between korea and developed foreign countries waste management policies. But in German policy, energy recovery from waste and pre-treatment are importantly considered and highly required for permission. Under current circumstance in korea, recycling will be more difficult than in the past. According to "The 4th resource recycling master plan", film type of synthetic resin was not sustainable recycled material in substance."Energy recovery from waste plan", proved that the energy recovery from RDF/RPF have lower efficiency than regular incineration generation and substance recycling. To solve these problems, the energy and remainder heat recovery must be generalized to "Energy recovery" concept and institutional improvement such as LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) system are need to support it. And also technology development to extract synthetic polymer by dissolved film type of synthetic resin must be provided.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.809-817
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• 2010

Reducing emissions across all sectors requires a well-designed policies tailored to fit specific national circumstances. And every climate policymaker would like to have an accurate method of assessing the quantitative impacts of future policies to address GHG-related problems. Estimates of future changes in a nation's GHG emissions, the expected environmental impacts of future energy sector developments, and the potential costs and benefits of different climate technology and mitigation policy options are desirable inputs to policy making. Various mitigation analysis and modeling approaches helped to fill the needs for these kinds of information, and as such has been an important part of national mitigation policy making in many countries for most of two decades. This paper provides a overview of GHG mitigation policies and mitigation analysis, and sectoral mitigation circumstances and potentials.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

Domestic buildings account for 25% of national greenhouse gas emissions and 20% of energy consumption, so energy efficiency improvement of buildings is recognized as the main target of national energy demand management. To improve the energy efficiency of the building, policies are implemented by preparing "zero-energy building national roadmaps" and enhancing the efficiency of national energy demand management through early activation as a result of expansion of the mandatory zero-energy building. Also, there is a growing need to verify the performance of energy savings after the construction is completed. Therefore, methods for evaluating energy performance of buildings should be suggested. This paper aims to develop and present methods for verifying energy performance of Zero Energy School, which can be applied internationally, by visiting domestic schools on-site at the same time as international standards and guidance analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.11-28
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• 2019

Governments are increasing energy efficiency in buildings through various policies to reduce building energy consumption. In 2002, the European Union adopted a building energy performance guideline to set minimum efficiency standards for residential and commercial buildings. Starting in 2020, all EU member states should ensure that all buildings are Near-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB). In Korea, the government issued a zero-energy certification system. Since 2020, public buildings are required to cover energy consumption with the energy produced in buildings. As the demand for building energy simulation has increased to increase the energy efficiency of these buildings, the International Standard Organization (ISO) has created a standard for calculating building energy requirements called ISO 13790. This standard was revised to ISO 52016 in 2017. In this research, ISO 13790, which calculates the energy needs of existing buildings, and ISO 52016, which replaces them, are compared and analyzed, and applied to the calculation of heating energy needs of buildings. For models without thermal zoning(Case A), the difference in annual heating energy needs calculated from each criterion is $1.08kWh/m^2$, which is about 2% higher in ISO 52016. In the case of the thermal zoning model(Case B), the difference in annual heating energy needs calculated by each standard was $0.97kWh/m^2$, which was about 2% higher than ISO 52016. The heating energy needs model without thermal zoning has a higher energy needs than the heating energy needs model with thermal zoning. It is about 16% energy at $8.58kWh/m^2$ for ISO 13790 and $8.69kWh/m^2$ for ISO 52016.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2011

For each local town (6 cities and 8 counties) affiliated with Jeonbuk provincial government, characteristics of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were analyzed and key emission areas were drawn to establish mitigation policies of the regional greenhouse gases. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) reported that the total greenhouse gas emission of Jeonbuk was 20.93 million $tCO_2e$ in 2006. The inland area of 5 cities and 1 county (Jeonju, Gunsan, Iksan, Jungeup, Kimje, Wanju) covered 82% of total greenhouse gas emission in Jeonbuk, while the rest local towns of the province, mostly from mountainous areas were responsible for the rest of the total GHG emission. The cities and counties having relatively higher emission in Jeonbuk province were influenced dominantly by the emission from energy and waste sections. Also, agricultural section showed similar tendency except industrial cities such as Gunsan and Jeonju. In the internal portion of city and county, energy section showed the highest portion at the range of 72.1 (Sunchang)~97.0% (Jeonju) and agricultural section was at the range of 1.2% (Jeonju)~26.6 (Sunchang). When the portion of energy section was higher, the lower agricultural section. The emission index was applied to decide the key city and county and the potential city and county with two methodologies in this study. It was required that the key emission areas were drawn to establish regional greenhouse gases mitigation policies.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.736-748
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• 2003

Dynamic voltage scaling(DVS), which adjusts the clock speed and supply voltage dynamically, is an effective technique in reducing the energy consumption of embedded real-time systems. The energy efficiency of a DVS algorithm largely depends on the performance of the slack estimation method used in it. In this paper, we propose novel DVS algorithms for periodic hard real-time tasks based on an improved slack estimation algorithm. Unlike the existing techniques, the proposed method can be applied to most priority-driven scheduling policies. Especially, we apply the proposed slack estimation method to EDF and RM scheduling policies. The experimental results show that the DVS algorithms using the proposed slack estimation method reduce the energy consumption by 20∼40 % over the existing DVS algorithms.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.199-228
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• 2011

In this study, the effect on the economy-energy-environment gap among regions of reducing GHGs is analyzed under various scenarios, using a multiregional dynamic CGE model. Regions in Korea are classified as six metropolitan areas. Scenarios are set in three cases such as self-regulatory measures, carbon tax and emissions trading scheme. The reduction target under each scenario is again classified according to volume basis and intensity basis. In results, self-regulation is shown to deepen the economic divide mostly, followed by a carbon tax, emissions trading scheme in order. This result could be interpreted such that a system based on market incentives gives less effect on the gap among regions. However, market incentives based system is expected to take time to build. Thus in implementing policies to increase short-term effects of the reduction targets, complementary policies are needed to reduce the regional devide.