• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 1990

음성신호의 전처리과정에서 에너지 퍼래미터는 음소의 변화특성을 나타내기 때문에 많이 사용하고 있다. 그렇지만 추출과정에서 창함수를 적용하기 때문에 창함수길이에 따른 영향을 받게된다. 본논문에서는 창함수길이에 따른 영향을 측정하고 그 영향을 최소화시키는 에너지추출법을 새로이 제안하였다. 이방법으로 추출된 에너지변화도는 창함수길이의 영향을 제거시켰기 때문에 음소의 변화특성을 잘나타낸다. 또한 계산시간은 샘플당 한번의 뺄셈과 덧셈, 그리고 두 번의 비교연산만 있으면 된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.562-567
• /
• 2022

Novel self-illuminated smart windows were fabricated consisting of Cu-doped ZnS (ZnS:Cu) powder and polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). This smart window shows not only switchable transparency but also self-illumination without any attachable luminous body. Its electro-optical characteristics, transmittance, and luminance were investigated in relation to various applied voltages and composition ratios. The optical transmittance and luminous intensity increased with increasing applied voltages. However, the optical transmittance decreased with increasing ZnS:Cu powder content. One of the self-illuminated smart windows, which was fabricated with 9 wt% of ZnS:Cu, achieved the optical transmittance of 60.5% (at 550 nm) and the luminance of 11.0 cd/m² at 100 V. This smart window could be used as a normal switchable smart window in daytime and light-emitting signage at night.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study is to investigate the effects of facade insulation and window remodeling of an existing old middle school building on the reduction of energy consumption. Method: To analyze energy performance of building, using DesignBuilder v3.4, building energy simulation tool based EnergyPlus engine. Energy consumption and problem of target building was analyzed based on data and survey. Based on building energy simulations it analyzed the variation of energy demand for the building according to U-value of wall, glazing properties and external shading devices. Result: When insulation of building was reinforced, cooling and heating load was decreased. Glazing properties that minimize cooling and heating energy consumption were analyzed. In conclusion, it is important to choose SHGC and U-value of window fit in characteristic of target building. Setting external blind for cooling load decreases 5%.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2005

This study aims to evaluate the natural lighting performance in the sound barrier tunnel. Therefore, to evaluate the daylighting performance, the combinations of 3 tunnel roof types which are flat-roof-type(type A), slope-roof-type(type B), arch-roof-type(type C) and 3 window types which are side-window-type(type 1), one-window-roof type(type 2), two-window-roof type(type 3) are evaluated by experimenting small scaled models. In this 9 cases of experiment, illuminance levels of each case are analyzed and evaluated. The conclusion of this study is that slope-roof-type(B) and arch-roof-type(C) is preferable to flat-roof-type(A) and one-window-roof-type(B) and two-window-roof-type(C) is preferable to side-window-type(A) for daylighting in the sound barrier tunnel.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.646-655
• /
• 2012

This study is intended to analyze the thermal performance and evaluate the applicability about non-duct type heat recovery ventilation system integrated with window. Eventually, economic analysis of the system is conducted according to building energy saving ratio of it. As results of the thermal performance, the U-factor of the window conducted on the basis of KS F 2278 appears to $1.8W/m^2K$, and the effective heat exchange efficiency of the ventilator conducted on the basis of KS B 6879 appears 49.95% for cooling, 66.89% for heating. In the applicability evaluated by TRNSYS 16, the caes of applying the heat recovery ventilator integrated with window is found to reduce the cooling or heating load by 2.9% or 13.5% than the non-ventilator case. The results of economic analysis taking a side of consumer is verified as the payback is 3 years, and the accumulated earning is 1,408,133 won in terms of '600,000 won/unit' for initial cost, 10 years for useful life of the system.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2008

Besides genuine skin and clothes, it is called that building is third skin for us. That means the skin of buildings is the most important factor for our man-made environment. The issues in designing the building envelope include the insulation, infiltration, ventilation and bridging in windows. Getting light into the space safely and providing views to outdoor, additionally, are key things with the building envelope design. A deep-rooted preference for full view is still alive with large area of glass. Balcony expansion is legalized in apartment houses, which causes lots of environmental problems. Without balcony space, the adjacent space to unshaded window is exposed to the direct sun. A window can have many layers and the inner space can be utilized with an automatic blind system. Recently, the refurbished version of a double-glazed window system has been developed for the purpose of minimizing energy loss occurred around windows. For the better daylight control with equipped blind system, a set of adjustment technique of blind slats was tested in a mock-up building and recommended the detail operation. Not surprisingly, the optimized blind system can be oriented to enhance the uniformity in light distribution and direct glare from the sky as well..

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2015

SPECT영상에서 산란계수는 정량적 계수오차와 영상품질 저하의 요인이다. 이에 다양한 산란보정(Scatter Correction, SC)방법이 연구되어 왔으며, 본 연구에서는 기존의 에너지창(Energy Window, EW) 기반 SC(EWSC)와의 비교로 SPECT/CT에서 사용되는 CT 기반 SC(CTSC)의 정확성을 평가하고자 한다. 중앙에 열소막대(hot rod, 74.0 MBq)를 설정한 Triple line insert 팬텀의 내부에 산란계수의 영향이 없는 기준영상의 획득을 위하여 공기를 채운 후 SPECT /CT영상을 획득하였고, 같은 조건에서 산란계수의 영향을 유도하기 위하여 공기대신 물을 채운 후 SPECT/CT영상을 각각 별도로 획득하였다. 두 조건 모두 Astonish(iterative : 4, subset : 16) 재구성 방법과 CT감쇠보정을 공통 적용하였고, 물을 채운 영상에 비산란보정(NSC), EWSC, CTSC 3가지 유형의 산란보정방법을 사용하였다. EWSC를 위하여 주(=peak) 에너지창(140 keV, 20%) 이외에 보조 에너지창 9개를 추가 설정한 후 영상을 동시 획득하였고, EWSC의 종류는 DPW(dual photopeak window) 10%, DEW (dual energy window)20%, TEW(triple energy window)10%, TEW5.0%, TEW2.5% 5가지를 사용하였다. 일차(primary)계수의 변동이 없는 조건하에, 두 조건의 영상에 VOI를 그려 총계수를 측정한 후 총계수 중 산란계수의 비를 %SF(percent scatter fraction)로 구하고, 공기를 채운 영상을 기준으로 물을 채운 영상과의 계수차이를 %NMSE (per cent normalized mean-square error)로 평가하였다. 공기를 채운 영상을 기준으로 각 산란보정방법이 적용된 물을 채운 영상의 %SF는 NSC 37.44, DPW 27.41, DEW 21.84, TEW10% 19.60, TEW5% 17.02, TEW2.5% 14.68, CTSC 5.57로 CTSC에서 제거된 산란계수가 가장 많았으며, %NMSE는 NSC 35.80, DPW 14.28, DEW 7.81, TEW10% 5.94, TEW5% 4.21, TEW2.5% 2.96, CTSC 0.35로 CTSC에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. SPECT/CT영상에서 실험에 사용된 각 산란보정 방법의 적용은 산란계수의 영향으로 발생된 정량적 계수오차를 개선시킬 수 있었다. 특히, CTSC의 경우 기존의 EWSC방법들과 비교하여 가장 낮은 %NMSE (=0.35)를 보여 비교적 정확한 산란보정이 가능하였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2016

In this study, we researched the energy load according to the change of the inner window area ratio, the distance of the air gap and the azimuth of the curtain wall building, which installed the multistory double-skin facade(DSF). and we compared the results with the no double-skin facade situation as follows. With the DSF, it is better than other case, when the window area ratio is 40% and the air gap is 1.2m on the west, south-45-west, south-45-east and east. And it's best when the window area ratio is 40% and the air gap is 0.4m on the south. And on the east or south-45-east, the window area ratio is 40% and the air gap is 1.2m is better than other case with the DSF. On south, it is best when the window area ratio is 100% without DSF. On the south-45-west or west, it is best when the window area ratio is 40% without the DSF.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.1637-1642
• /
• 2009

This study evaluates the energy performance of super high-rise residential buildings with e-QUEST simulation and calculates the annual cooling and heating load. The result of this study have concluded that the most influential factor is the characteristics of the window and also suggest the most efficient window system from the result of calculation of different glasses' cooling and heating load. The result of this study shows that The most efficient method to enhance the energy performance is to use low reflective 3 pairs Low-E glass and Low-E coating(inside of outer glass) pair glass.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2022

In SPECT image, scatter count is the cause of quantitative count error and image quality degradation. This study is to evaluate the accuracy of CT based SC(CTSC) and energy window based SC(EWSC) as the comparison with existing Non SC. SPECT/CT images were obtained after filling air in order to acquire a reference image without the influence of scatter count inside the Triple line insert phantom setting hot rod(^99mTc 74.0 MBq) in the middle and each SPECT/CT image was obtained each separately after filling water instead of air in order to derive the influence of scatter count under the same conditions. For EWSC, 9 sub-energy windows were set additionally in addition to main energy window(140 keV, 20%) and then, images were acquired at the same time and five types of EWSC including DPW(dual photo-peak window)10%, DEW(dual energy window)20%, TEW(triple energy window)10%, TEW5.0%, TEW2.5% were used. Under the condition without fluctuations in primary count, total count was measured by drawing volume of interest (VOI) in the images of the two conditions and then, the ratio of scatter count of total counts was calculated as percent scatter fraction(%SF) and the count error with image filled with water was evaluated with percent normalized mean-square error(%NMSE) based on the image filled with air. Based on the image filled with air, %SF of images filled with water to which each SC method was applied is non scatter correction(NSC) 37.44, DPW 27.41, DEW 21.84, TEW10% 19.60, TEW5% 17.02, TEW2.5% 14.68, CTSC 5.57 and the scatter counts were removed the most in CTSC and %NMSE is NSC 35.80, DPW 14.28, DEW 7.81, TEW10% 5.94, TEW5% 4.21, TEW2.5% 2.96, CTSC 0.35 and the error in CTSC was found to be the lowest. In SPECT/CT images, the application of each scatter correction method used in the experiment could improve the quantitative count error caused by the influence of scatter count. In particular, CTSC showed the lowest %NMSE(=0.35) compared to existing EWSC methods, enabling relatively accurate scatter correction.