• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.280-287
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• 2002

Most Technological laws of Korea are almost identical to those of Japan. Electricity was not introduced to Korea until lighting ceremony in Kyong-Bok palace observed in 1887. Since Korea was annexed to Japan in 1910, Korea have applied Japanese law and regulations made by Chosun government-general. And public works were under Japan control. Korea accepted adopted the power plants of America, codes of NESC, ASME / ANSI, MEMA while Japan accepted or adopted only IEC. Our generation distribution system takes American style while our consumer side takes Japanese style. As global trade system was transferred GATT into WTO, the technological standards, certification, construction and testing are in harmony internationally. The WTO / TBT agreement came in effect after 12th, April, 1979. The sections in the agreement require the members to exchange their own standards and codes for the harmonized ones by degree. The Korean distribution system has a strong resemblance to American system so that the internal engineers are confused in application of the relevant standards. IEC60364 and NEC are technologically similar but practically unconvertible because both have their different originality, that is to say Europe and USA. This paper deals with the fundamental elements of electrical safety system on review of IEC 60364 and NEC. This paper considers how engineers should apply IEC60364 and NFPA 70(NEC) based on all-the-way review of them.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2011

In this paper, we present the analytic model to quantify the system capacity with delay Quality of Service (QoS) constraints, and analyze the effect of user-multiplexing on the delay QoS performance in multiuser low-power wireless communication systems. For this purpose, we define the degree of multiplexing as the number of scheduled users to be served in a frame, and investigate the effect of degree of multiplexing (DoM) on the trade-off of throughput and delay QoS constraints. Through this analysis, we characterize the optimal DoM maximizing the energy efficiency in low-power communication environments. Finally, through the simulation results, we verify that our approach with its optimal DoM yields substantial capacity gain.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.272-276
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• 2016

To investigate the optimum x-ray tube design for the dental radiology, factors affecting x-ray beam characteristics such as tungsten target thickness and anode angle were evaluated. Another goal of the study was to addresses the anode heel effect and off-axis spectra for different target angles. MCNPX has been utilized to simulate the diagnostic x-ray tube with the aim of predicting optimum target angle and angular distribution of x-ray intensity around the x-ray target. For simulation of x-ray spectra, MCNPX was run in photon and electron using default values for PHYS:P and PHYS:E cards to enable full electron and photon transport. The x-ray tube consists of an evacuated 1 mm alumina envelope containing a tungsten anode embedded in a copper part. The envelope is encased in lead shield with an opening window. MCNPX simulations were run for x-ray tube potentials of 70 kV. A monoenergetic electron source at the distance of 2 cm from the anode surface was considered. The electron beam diameter was 0.3 mm striking on the focal spot. In this work, the optimum thickness of tungsten target was $3{\mu}m$ for the 70 kV electron potential. To determine the angle with the highest photon intensity per initial electron striking on the target, the x-ray intensity per initial electron was calculated for different tungsten target angles. The optimum anode angle based only on x-ray beam flatness was 35 degree. It should be mentioned that there is a considerable trade-off between anode angle which determines the focal spot size and geometric penumbra. The optimized thickness of a target material was calculated to maximize the x-ray intensity produced from a tungsten target materials for a 70 keV electron energy. Our results also showed that the anode angle has an influencing effect on heel effect and beam intensity across the beam.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2013

In this paper, we surveyed the opinion of MOTIE(Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy) R&D PDs about what are the future promising industries and their mainly associated Ppuri-technologies. According to the survey result, the future technology trends are to shift the technologies beyond their own critical performance and dominate human-centered technologies through converging technologies. In particular, the 4 industries, personalized medical technology, intelligent and emotional-based system, solar power technology and flexible technology, are expected to be good perspective industries in the near future. In order to grow these industries, we need to develop the core Ppuri-technologies that are very closely related to the future main industries. More than all, Ppuri-technology acts as a leverage for the future promising industry and is expected to be the strong supporter in manufacturing infra.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.724-735
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• 2003

In recent high-performance superscalar processors, the result value of an instruction is predicted to improve instruction-level parallelism by breaking data dependencies. Using those predicted values, instructions are speculatively executed and substantial performance can be gained. It, however, requires additional power consumption due to the frequent access and update of the value prediction table. In this paper, first, the trade-off between the performance improvement and the increased power consumption for value prediction is measured and analyzed. And, in order to reduce additional power consumption without performance loss, the technique of controlling speculative execution with confidence counter and predicting useful instructions is developed. Also, in order to prove the validity, a tool is developed that can simulate processor behavior at cycle-level and measure total energy consumption and power consumption per cycle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2017

When evaluating effectiveness of a R&D program, there is a tendency to simply compare the performances of the beneficiaries before and after the program or to compare the differences in the performances of the beneficiaries and the non-beneficiaries before-after the program. However, these ways of evaluating effectiveness of a program have some problems because they can not differentiate between complement effect, which facilitates corporate R&D investment, and substitute effect, which, literally, substitutes corporate R&D investment. Therefore, these problems could bring about wrong policies concerning R&D programs. In this paper, a new approach using path analysis is suggested as a means to overcome these problems and it is utilized, as an application, to evaluate the effectiveness of Plant Engineering Program conducted by Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Korea. First, the direct impact of government R&D investment on corporate R&D investment is analyzed, through which it is identified which of crowding-in effect (complement effect) and crowding-out effect (substitute effect) is dominant. Next, the direct effect of government R&D investment on corporate performance and the direct effect of corporate R&D investment on corporate performance is analyzed respectively. Finally, by combining the two previous analysis, the total effect of government R&D investment on corporate performance is identified. As a result, it turns out that, in Plant Engineering Program, crowding-in effect is more dominant than crowding-out effect and that Plant Engineering Program has definitely positive effect on the beneficiary in terms of corporate performance indirectly and directly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

Climate change has been identified as one with the greatest challenges facing nations, government, business and over future decades. Activities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the Kyoto Protocol, the international community has been in progress. Korea also has introduced the Emission trading system to reduce greenhouse emission from the supervision of the government. Greenhouse gases emissions quantity should be internationally recognized. Mutual Recognition Arrangement should be recognized as the same greenhouse gas emission. International recognition of domestic verification body of international mutual recognition is required. Efforts are needed to secure the equivalence between the emission rights through direct cooperation with the relative nation accreditation body. Early entry into the IAF/PAC GHG MLA is essential for demonstrating equivalence between greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions trading will also require connection to the EU ETS, California, USA, and Tokyo, Japan to link Emissions trading. In the case of establishing accreditation standards and accreditation criteria, it will be necessary to distinguish between the domestic Energy Target Management System and the Emission Trading System. Independent greenhouse gases verification bodies should be established to meet the requirements of IAF and PAC. It is necessary to revise the qualification criteria for the verification of the greenhouse gas verification body according to international standards requirements. It is necessary to support the role of accreditation bodies of domestic greenhouse gas verification bodies. It is required to join international organizations of international mutual recognition of international trade and the need for pilot projects to link greenhouse gas emissions. The core link to our emission trading system is called EU-ETS, and we will need to join the IAF/PAC GHG MLA GHG. The International Mutual Recognition Agreement (IAF) is expected to allow international interoperability of GHG emissions verification between EA and the PAC. By signing a PAC GHG MLA, it will need to be prepared to prepare for the pilot project to link the emission trading system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.38-45
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• 2017

As the competitiveness of SMEs (small and medium enterprises) is getting more and more improved and globalized, the government provides various consulting services to secure the competitiveness of small and medium firms and support stable growth. However, the assessment of the result from the government's support is generally focused on non-financial factors, such as customer satisfaction and analysis of improvement effect. This paper is in regards to the statistical analysis of how much the government's support in the form of providing consulting services contributes to financial outcomes in terms of profitability and growth. ROA (return on asset) and ROS (return on sales), which are investment profitability and sales profitability respectively, are chosen as an indicator of profitability. For analysis of growth, sales revenue and total asset growth are used. The samples are 44 corporations which are supported by government, and 150 corporations which are selected for comparison, with corporate growth support center program by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy chosen as the consulting model. After gathering the yearly balance sheets and income statements of the samples from CRETOP, Korea Enterprise Data, the analysis is conducted in the way of identifying the statistical significance of financial difference in the same period between corporates taking consulting services and corporates which have not, and the difference of financial outcomes from the corporates taking consulting services before and after consulting services. As a result, in terms of business growth, it is turned out to have positive difference both in growth ratio and profitability compared to the compared corporations at the significant level. Therefore, it is obvious that the consulting program which government provides to SMEs have direct influence practically to the corporates' management performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2020

Companies struggle to make their best products with high quality and service at a competitive price in global markets. However, customer needs and requirements keep changing with a variety of situations. Companies that face the changes can not stay the same and make an effort to adapt themselves to new circumstances. They would probably review the overall management system that is currently implementing to improve management efficiency. Among other things, quality might be considered to be a crucial element if they are manufacturing industries to be sustained in global markets. KSA (Korean Standards Association) is a government-affiliated organization under the Ministry of Trade, Infrastructure, and Energy. It is a Korean standards provider for quality and service industry. KSA confers national commendations for organizations, quality circles, artisans, QCEC (Quality Competitive Excellent Company), and the most honorable KNQA (Korean National Quality Award) every year. KSA established KNQA on the basis of Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award, Deming Prize, and European Quality Award. Research on quality awards shows that there are many similarities in the framework. Although KSA summarizes two factors for 13 evaluation indicators in the quality competitive excellent model of QCEC, the categorization is ambiguous to explain them according to earlier studies. We performed a deep analysis of foreign quality awards and background for KNQA and QCEC. We conducted a content analysis of KNQA and QCEC and matched evaluation items that were closely related. We proposed a quality competitiveness model with three factors, Technology, System, and Tools, summarizing 13 evaluation indicators in QCEC. Based on audit data for six years from 2012 to 2017 we carried out a confirmatory factor analysis for the proposed model by examining the model validity and fitness.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.997-1004
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• 2013

There is imminent need to find a way to measure the recreational benefits of water so that appropriate actions can be taken to make a multi-purpose reservoir. Therefore, this study attempts to apply a choice experiment to quantifying the recreational benefits of a multi-purpose reservoir, using a specific case study of Sangkwan multi-purpose reservoir. We consider the trade-offs between price and attributes of recreational attributes for selecting a preferred alternative and derive the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) estimate for each attribute. The results show that the MWTP for providing additional 10,000 ton of water is estimated to be 3 won per household per year. The MWTP for improving 1 level of water quality is computed to be 645.5 won per household per year. Moreover, the MWTP for providing recreation facilities is calculated to be 1,518.6 won per household per year. This study allows us to provide policy-makers with useful quantitative information that can reduce uncertainty in the decision-making process related to a multi-purpose reservoir construction projects.