• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.243-262
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• 2023

This study provides a systematic review of smart trade contracts, examining the research trends and theoretical background of utilizing smart contracts and blockchain technology for the digitalization and automation of trade contracts. Smart trade contracts are a concept that applies the automated contract system based on blockchain to trade-related transactions. The study analyzes the technical and legal challenges and proposes solutions. The technical aspect covers the development of smart contract platforms, scalability and performance improvements of blockchain networks, and security and privacy concerns. The legal aspect addresses the legal enforceability of smart contracts, automatic execution of contract conditions, and the responsibilities and obligations of contract parties. Smart trade contracts have been found to have applications in various industries such as international trade, supply chain management, finance, insurance, and energy, contributing to the ease of trade finance, efficiency of supply chains, and business model innovation. However, challenges remain in terms of legal regulations, interaction with existing legal frameworks, and technological aspects. Further research is needed, including empirical studies, business model innovation, resolution of legal issues, security and privacy considerations, standardization and collaboration, and user experience studies to address these challenges and explore additional aspects of smart trade contracts.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-125
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• 2017

Complex product systems (CoPs) is a engineering-intensive products with high-ended design technology, which are closely linked with national economic growth and development of social infrastructures. Accordingly, in order to understand the technological evolution of CoPs, it is necessary to identify the macro-environmental drivers surrounding the CoPs and their impact on the technological evolution of the CoPS. Therefore, we investigate the effect of policy, economic and social drivers on the technological evolution of CoPS by implementing the longitudinal case study on nuclear power plant during the periods between 1950 and 2010s. Based on the analysis of various sources of secondary data and primary data through interviews, we found that the technological evolution of nuclear power plant is progressed as "Phase 1: Application research for peaceful utilization of nuclear energy" between 1950s and 1960s, "Phase 2: The first renaissance of nuclear energy" during 1970s, "Phase 3: Enhancement of safety and the catch-up of latecomers in nuclear energy" between 1990s and 2000s, and "Phase 4: Top prioritization of safety and the development of next generation reactors for the second renaissance of nuclear energy" since 2010s. We also found that various kinds of policy, economic and social drivers, such as energy policy, investment in technology development, economic growth and energy demand, social acceptability and environmental concern, have affected the technology evolution of nuclear power plant at each phase. We emphasize the role of macroenvironmental drivers in the technological evolution of CoPS. We also suggest that countries that endeavor to develop CoPs need to utilize those drivers for enhancing competitiveness and sustaining leadership.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.135-158
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• 2012

Since the 1990s, discussions regarding green libraries started in the U.S.A, in the name of 'library and the environment', 'Green librarians', 'constructing of environmental sources', 'noise and library', 'building libraries as an environmental alternative' and etc. Currently, green libraries certified by an evaluation system are more than 50. This study proposes a direction to build a green library. The study analyzes national and international green libraries certified by the evaluation system. The cases are analyzed based on the six evaluation factors in the LEED certification system; Sustainable Site, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Material and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, Innovation and Design Process. Since the evaluation system focuses mainly on the architectural aspects, there was a need of expanding the concept of eco-friendly in this research. The newly expanded eco-friendly concept includes services, content, and supplies of libraries.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2007

The Korean traditional 'Ondol' system has been a target for innovation to meet the requirements of sustainable domestic building and low carbon emission energy utilization. Simulation techniques provide designers and researchers with powerful tools to predict heating load and thermal behaviour of Ondol systems installed in various contexts. However, there are few studies on Ondol models, especially associated with multi-stories buildings of which type covers about 50% of Korean housing stock. In this study, we analyzed the double floor Ondol system on the multi-stories buildings using the ESP-r program. On the basis of the double floor Ondol system, we suggested the new modelling method that is composed of the Vent zone and Ondol zone. Using the this model, sensitivity analysis was carried out to refine the applicability of the model taking account of control conditions, constructions, air change and air flow network method and CFD analysis using the FLUENT. The air layer has enough temperature to use in heating zone. It is suggested that the simplicity of the model will allow building designers and mechanical engineers easily to implement scenario-based assessments of design options as well as control strategies. Later, we will simulate the real buildings and analyze the air distributions using the Fluent according to the various conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2016

The sedimentary environment and sediment were surveyed at the West-Northern site of Chagwi-do nearby Jeju Island for the design of the embedded suction anchor system of 10 MW-class floating wave-offshore wind hybrid power generation system. According to the classification scheme of Chough et al.[2002], the echo type of the seismic profiles using the chirp III was classified. As a results, the center and west-northern area of survey site were proved to be type I-3 where subbottom layer with thickness 5~15 m exists under the flat seafloor. On the other hands, the east-southern area were regarded to be type I-1, I-2 and III-1 where seafloor reflection is much stronger than type I-3. Also, the physical tests (unit weight, moisture content, grain size, liquid limit, specific gravity) were performed with samples taken from 8 fixed locations. It is found that the sand (SP), the sand blended with silt (SM) and the mixture of SP-SM are distributed uniformly on the survey area.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

Special Act on Regulatory Freedom Zone and Regional Special Development Zonet" introduced a new type of 'Freedom Special Zone of Regulation' that is legally distinguished from the existing Special Districts for Regional and Regional Development to support the innovative and strategic growth of the areas, and even passed a number of legal grounds for providing innovative regulations for regional development projects or regional strategic industries within the Special Districts. Starting with the bill legislation proposed by The Parliament Members, Kim Kyung-soo on behalf of 33 suggestors, Choo Kyung-ho, Jung Sung-ho and Hong Il-pyo submitted the bill legislation on behalf of 10 to 12 proposers, respectively. As a major matter of issue, the purpose, designation, scope of application, promotion system, application of A Bill of Three kind on Regulatory Innovation, and Balanced National Development, many kind of regulation as like types of menu, special cases, punitive regulations, and so on have been argued until the end of the bill proposed from the beginning. In this study, the differences between the bill suggested by the Parliament members and bill approved already are to be compared and analyzed to confirm how the items on issue were reflected for the bill finally and to draw up measures for the correct operation of the special regulations.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2011

Although there are many possible mechanisms for the intrinsic seismic attenuation in composite materials that include fluids, relative motion between solids and fluids during seismic wave propagation is one of the most important attenuation mechanisms. In our previous study, we conducted ultrasonic wave transmission measurements on an ice-brine coexisting system to examine the influence on ultrasonic waves of the unfrozen brine in the pore microstructure of ice. In order to elucidate the physical mechanism responsible for ultrasonic wave attenuation in the frequency range of 350.600 kHz, measured at different temperatures in partially frozen brines, we employed a poroelastic model based on the Biot theory to describe the propagation of ultrasonic waves through partially frozen brines. By assuming that the solid phase is ice and the liquid phase is the unfrozen brine, fluid properties measured by a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance technique were used to calculate porosities at different temperatures. The computed intrinsic attenuation at 500 kHz cannot completely predict the measured attenuation results from the experimental study in an ice-brine coexisting system, which suggests that other attenuation mechanisms such as the squirt-flow mechanism and wave scattering effect should be taken into account.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1600-1604
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• 2015

As modern houses are constructed with high-density and high-insulation, there is benefit to reduce energy consumption, but there are many side effects raised from polluted air. To solve the problem, a ventilation system is used to improve a indoor air quality. In this research, we experimentally estimate ventilation performance of HRV(heat recovery ventilator) with heat-pipe according to working fluid filling quantity and ventilation. Heat-pipe used in this study was designated separately to be applied to a ventilation system. The working fluid was R22, which was filled from 40 to 55 (%vol.) by 5(%vol.). Ventilation based on the front velocity was measured from 0.3 m/s to 1.5 m/s by 0.3 m/s intervals. Refrigerant filling quantity with the highest efficiency was found to depend on the ventilation. From this study the optimal refrigerant filling quantity in accordance with the ventilation of the detachable heat pipes was found experimentally.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.969-976
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• 2013

Leakage in water distribution system causes social and economic losses by direct water loss into the ground, and additional energy demand for water supply. This research suggests a leak detection model of using adaptive Kalman filtering on real-time data of pipe flow. The proposed model takes into account hourly and daily variations of water demand. In addition, the model's prediction accuracy is improved by automatically calibrating the covariance of noise through innovation sequence. The adaptive Kalman filtering shows more accurate result than the existing Kalman method for virtual sine flow data. Then, the model is applied to data from two real district metered area in JE city. It is expected that the proposed model can be an effective tool for operating water supply system through detecting burst leakage and abnormal water usage.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3604-3613
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• 2022

The Physical Protection System (PPS) plays an important role and must effectively deal with various adversary attacks in nuclear security. In specific single adversary path scenarios, we can calculate the PPS effectiveness by EASI (Estimated Adversary Sequence Interruption) through Probability of Interruption (P_I) calculation. EASI uses a single value of the probability of detection (P_D) and the probability of alarm communications (P_C) in the PPS. In this study, we develop a multi-path analysis code based on EASI to evaluate the effectiveness of PPS. Our quantification method for P_I considers the variability and uncertainty of P_D and P_C value by Monte Carlo simulation. We converted the 2-D scheme of the nuclear facility into an Adversary Sequence Diagram (ASD). We used ASD to find the adversary path with the lowest probability of interruption as the most vulnerable paths (MVP). We examined a hypothetical facility (Hypothetical National Nuclear Research Facility - HNNRF) to confirm our code compared with EASI. The results show that implementing the variability extension can estimate the P_I value and its associated uncertainty. The multi-path analysis code allows the analyst to make it easier to assess PPS with more extensive facilities with more complex adversary paths. However, the variability of the P_D value in each protection element allows a significant decrease in the PI value. The possibility of this decrease needs to be an important concern for PPS designers to determine the P_D value correctly or set a higher standard for PPS performance that remains reliable.