• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2016

Objectives This study aimed at proposing a hypothetical principle to add or abstract herbs for modifying Taeeumjowi-tang.Method Based on Jema Lee's literatures such as Dongyisusebowon and Dongyisasangsipyeon, we analyzed contents related to Taeeumjowi-tang and its modification. Moreover, we reviewed physiological and pathological pecularities of Taeeumin symptomatology and applied the theory to induce the principle of the modified Taeeumjowi-tang in Sasang medicine.Results and Conclusions 1) We have found 10 modified Taeeumjowi-tang from Dongyisasangsipyeon. 2) Mahwangjowi-tang (麻黃調胃湯), Gogijowi-tang (固氣調胃湯), Shingijowi-tang (腎氣調胃湯), Euiyiinjowi-tang (薏苡仁調胃湯), Gamijowi-tang (加味調胃湯), and Gyeongheomjowi-tang (經驗調胃湯) are modified for Taeeumin who have original symptoms of more severe cold tendency. Especially, Gogijowi-tang helps to circulate energy-fluid from esophagus to skin, while Shingijowi-tang directly aids the function of esophagus. 3) Seungjijowi-tang (升芷調胃湯), Seunggeumjowi-tang (升芩調胃湯), Seunggijowi-tang (承氣調胃湯), and Jowisokmyung-tang (調胃續命湯) are modified for Taeeumin who have originally cold symtoms, accompanied by heat tendencies. Especially, Seungjijowi-tang helps to eliminate mild heat existing throughout skin and flesh, while Seunggeumjowi-tang gets rid of severe heat swarming in the flesh parts. Seunggijowi-tang can take away the most severe heat symptoms in the whole body

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Plant Biology Environmental Stress and Photosynthesis
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• pp.83-90
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• 1999

Electron crystallography of two-dimensional crystalsand electron cryo-microscopy is becoming an established method for determining the structure and function of a variety of membrane proteins that are providing difficult to crystallize in three dimension. In this study this technique has been used to investigate the structure of a ~160 kDa reaction centre sub-core complex of photosystem II. Photosystem II is a photosynthetic membrane protein consisting of more than 25 subunits. It uses solar energy to split water releasing molecular oxygen into the atmosphere and creates electrochemical potential across the thylakoid membrane, which is eventually utilized to generate ATP and NADPH. Images were taken using Philips CM200 field emission gun electron microscope with an acceleration voltage of 200kW at liquid nitrogen temperature. In total, 79 images recorded dat tilt angles ranging from 0 to 67 degree yielded amplitudes and phases for a three-dimensional map with an in-plant resolution of 6$\AA$ and 11.4$\AA$ in the third dimension shows at least 23 transmembrane helices resolved in a monomeric complex, of which 18 were able to be assigned to the D1, D2, CP47 , and cytochrome b559 alfa beta-subunits with their associated pigments that ae active in electron transport (Rhee, 1998, Ph.D.thesis). The D1/D2 heterodimer is located in the central position within the complex and its helical scalffold is remarkably similar to that of the reaction centres not only in purple bacteria but also in plant photosystem I (PSI) , indicating a common evoluationary origin of all types of reaction centre in photosynthetic organism known today 9RHee et al. 1998). The structural homology is now extended to the inner antenna subunit, ascribed to CP47 in our map, where the 6 transmembrane helices show a striking structural similarity to the corresponding helices of the PSI reaction centre proteins. The overall arrangement of the chlorophylls in the D1 /D2 heterodimer, and in particular the distance between the central pair, is ocnsistent with the weak exciton coupling of P680 that distinguishes this reaction centre from bacterial counterpart. The map in most progress towards high resolution structure will be presented and discussed.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.70.1-70.1
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• 2012

In-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies of SOFC cathode materials will be discussed in this presentation. The mixed conducting perovskites (ABO3) containing rare and alkaline earth metals on the A-site and a transition metal on the B-site are commonly used as cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). However, the details of the oxygen reduction reaction are still not clearly understood. The information about the type of adsorbed oxygen species and their concentration is important for a mechanistic understanding of the oxygen incorporation into these cathode materials. XPS has been widely used for the analysis of adsorbed species and surface structure. However, the conventional XPS experiments have the severe drawback to operate at room temperature and with the sample under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, which is far from the relevant conditions of SOFC operation. The disadvantages of conventional XPS can be overcome to a large extent with a "high pressure" XPS setup installed at the BESSY II synchrotron. It allows sample depth profiling over 2 nm without sputtering by variation of the excitation energy, and most importantly measurements under a residual gas pressure in the mbar range. It is also well known that the catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction is very sensitive to their electrical conductivity and oxygen nonstoichiometry. Although the electrical conductivity of perovskite oxides has been intensively studied as a function of temperature or oxygen partial pressure (Po2), in-situ measurements of the conductivity of these materials in contact with the electrolyte as a SOFC configuration have little been reported. In order to measure the in-plane conductivity of an electrode film on the electrolyte, a substrate with high resistance is required for excluding the leakage current of the substrate. It is also hardly possible to measure the conductivity of cracked thin film by electrical methods. In this study, we report the electrical conductivity of perovskite $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}CoO_{3-{\delta}}$ (LSC) thin films on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte quantitatively obtained by in-situ IR spectroscopy. This method enables a reliable measurement of the electronic conductivity of the electrodes as part of the SOFC configuration regardless of leakage current to the substrate and cracks in the film.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.226-230
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• 2010

Calculation of partial charge is important in chemistry. However, because there are many methods developed, it is of considerable interest to know how to calculate and apply properly to address various chemical problems. For basis set, usually double zeta quality is acceptable, and double zeta polarization function would be enough for most cases. To describe electronic state more accurately, Many electron configurations would be necessary to describe highly strained or anionic species. The NPA population introduced new concept about amide bonds, i.e., the planar geometry of nitrogen atom may not come from resonance, but from the lowering of p-orbital energy by electronegative carbonyl carbon atom. The issues for hypervalent atomic charges was also addressed by various charge derivation scheme. When the charge schemes were applied to organolithium compounds, the ionic nature of boding was revealed. This comes from the fact that previous Mulliken partial atomic charges overemphasized the covalent character, wihout much justification. The other partial charge derivation schemes such as NPA(natural population analysis), IPP (Integrated Projected Population) showed that much more ionic picture. ESP potential derived charges are generally believed to be suitable to describe intermolecular interactions, therefore they are used for molecular dynamics simulations and CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis). The charge derivation schemes using multipole polarization was mainly applied to reproduce experimental infrared spectroscopy. In some reports these schemes are also suitable for intermecular electrostatic interactions. Charges derived from electron density gradient have shown the some bonds are not straight, but actually bent. The proper choice of charge-calculation method along with suitable level of theory and basis set are briefly discussed.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2017

The application of the theoretical model to real assembly lines has been one of the biggest challenges for researchers and industrial engineers. There should be some realistic approach to achieve the conflicting objectives on real systems. Therefore, in this paper, a model is developed to synchronize a real system (A discrete event simulation model) with a theoretical model (An optimization model). This synchronization will enable the realistic optimization of systems. A job assignment model of the assembly line is formulated for the evaluation of proposed realistic optimization to achieve multiple conflicting objectives. The objectives, fluctuation in cycle time, throughput, labor cost, energy cost, teamwork and deviation in the skill level of operators have been modeled mathematically. To solve the formulated mathematical model, a multi-objective simulation integrated hybrid genetic algorithm (MO-SHGA) is proposed. In MO-SHGA each individual in each population acts as an input scenario of simulation. Also, it is very difficult to assign weights to the objective function in the traditional multi-objective GA because of pareto fronts. Therefore, we have proposed a probabilistic based linearization and multi-objective to single objective conversion method at population evolution phase. The performance of MO-SHGA is evaluated with the standard multi-objective genetic algorithm (MO-GA) with both deterministic and stochastic data settings. A case study of the goalkeeping gloves assembly line is also presented as a numerical example which is solved using MO-SHGA and MO-GA. The proposed research is useful for the development of synchronized human based assembly lines for real time monitoring, optimization, and control.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.212-216
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• 2003

고분자전해질형 연료전지에 사용되는 외부 및 내부 가습기를 통과한 반응 기체의 상대습도와 온도를 측정한 자료가 실시간으로 컴퓨터에 입력되어지는 시스템을 자체적으로 구성하였다. 이 시스템을 이용하여 측정한 경우 10-20분이 경과한 후에 습도 값이 안정되었으므로 가습 측정치에 대한 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있었으며, 여러 가지 가습의 영향을 해석할 수 있었다. 측정 장비의 이상을 초래할 수 있는 상대 습도가 $100\%$부근의 영역에서 지속적으로 측정을 수행할 경우 센서의 오작동 내지 고장의 원인이 될 수 있었으므로 실험시 주의가 필요하였다. 가습기를 통과한 반응기체는 유량이 증가할수록 가습되는 양은 증가하나, 일정 유량 이상이 되면 그 증가폭이 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 이는 가습기 출 통과하는 기체의 체류 시간 영향에 기인한 것으로 추정되어진다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2015

야자계 활성탄을 사용하여 수용액으로부터 brilliant blue FCF 염료의 흡착에 대해 조사하였다. 회분식 실험은 흡착제의 양, 초기농도와 접촉시간과 온도를 흡착변수로 사용하여 수행하였다. 흡착평형자료는 Langmuir와 Freundlich 식을 사용하여 해석하였으며, Freundlich 식이 더 좋은 일치도를 나타냈다. 평가된 Freundlich 상수(1/n=0.129~0.212)로부터 활성탄에 의한 brilliant blue FCF의 흡착조작이 적절한 처리방법이 될 수 있음을 알았다. 흡착속도실험자료를 유사일차반응속도식과 유사이차반응속도식에 적용해 본 결과, 흡착동력학은 유사이차반응속도식에 잘 맞는 것으로 나타났다. 음수값의 Gibbs 자유에너지(-4.81~-10.33 kJ/mol)와 양수값의 엔탈피(+78.59 kJ/mol)는 흡착이 자발적이고 흡열공정으로 진행된다는 것을 나타낸다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2002

탄성지반 위에 놓인 보-기둥 요소의 총포텐셜 에너지로부터 변분원리를 적용하여 지배방정식과 힘-변위 관계식을 유도하였다. 4계 상미분방정식 형태의 지배방정식을 4개의 변위 파라메타를 도입하여 1계 연립미분방정식 형태의 선형 고유치 문제로 전환하고, 힘-변위 관계식을 적용하여 엄밀한 정적, 동적 요소강성행렬을 유도하였다. 직접강성법을 이용하여 구조물 강성행렬을 구하고, 2차원 보-기둥구조의 엄밀한 좌굴하중과 고유진동수를 구하고, 결과를 유한요소해와 비교함으로써 본 연구의 타당성을 검증하였다. 이러한 엄밀한 해석방법은 Hermitian 다항식을 형상함수로 도입하여 요소의 강성행렬을 산정하는 유한요소법과 비교할 때, 요소의 수를 대폭 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2017

폭발볼트는 각종 유도무기 및 우주발사체에서 결합 및 분리기능을 수행한다. 이처럼 유도무기 체계에서 폭발볼트의 역할은 매우 중요하며, 임무 실패시 체계 전체 실패의 원인이 될 수 있다. 이와 같은 이유로 폭발볼트의 설계 수명 예측에 대한 요구가 최근에 지속적으로 발생하였지만, 신뢰도 높은 예측방법이 제시되지 못하고 있다. 기존의 가속노화 방법을 적용하기 위해선 폭발볼트의 활성화 에너지와 가속계수를 알고 있어야 한다. 현재 가속노화에 필요한 정보를 정확히 확보하지 못한 상황에서 폭발볼트의 설계 수명을 예측하는 것은 어렵기 때문에 본 연구에서는 실제 10년 이상 자연 노화된 폭발볼트를 이용해 성능을 평가하고, 이를 바탕으로 최소한의 설계 수명을 제시하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.579-587
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• 2014

This paper deals with precise analytical state equation modeling of a variable speed refrigeration system (VSRS) for optimum control in state space. The VSRS is described as multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) system, which has two controlled variables and two control inputs. First, the Navier-Stokes equation and mass flow rate were applied to each component of the basic refrigeration cycle to build a dynamic model. The dynamic model, represented by a differential equation, was transformed into the state equation formula. Next, a full-order state observer was built to estimate all of the state variables to compose an optimum control system. Then, an optimum controller was designed to minimize an evaluation function that has input energy and control error. Finally, simulations and experiments were conducted to verify the validity of the proposed modeling and designed optimum controller to regulate target temperature and superheat in a 1RT oil cooler system. The results show that the proposed method, state equation modeling and optimum control, is efficient to ensure optimal control performance of the VSRS.