• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2016

Thanks to superior leakage energy efficiency compared to SRAM cells, STTRAM cells are considered as a promising alternative for a memory element in on-chip caches. However, the main disadvantage of STTRAM cells is high write energy and latency. In this paper, we propose a low-cost write filter (WF) cache which resides between the load/store queue and STTRAM-based L1 data cache. To maximize efficiency of the WF cache, the line allocation and access policies are optimized for reducing energy consumption of STTRAM-based L1 data cache. By efficiently filtering the write operations in the STTRAM-based L1 data cache, our proposed WF cache reduces energy consumption of the STTRAM-based L1 data cache by up to 43.0% compared to the case without the WF cache. In addition, thanks to the fast hit latency of the WF cache, it slightly improves performance by 0.2%.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.735-745
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• 2016

The Paris agreement at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) emphasizes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and increase in energy consumption in all areas. Thus, an important aspect is energy saving in buildings where the lighting is a major component of the electrical energy consumption. This paper proposes a building energy management system employing visible light communication (VLC) based on LED lighting. The proposed management system has key characteristics including personalization and localization by utilizing such VLC advantages as secure communication through light and location-information transmission. Considering the efficient implementation of an energy-consumption adjustment using LED luminaires, this paper adopts variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) as a VLC modulation scheme with simple controllability of the dimming level that is capable of providing a full dimming range. This paper analyzes the VPPM performances according to variable dimming for several schemes, and proposes a VPPM demodulation architecture based on dimming-factor acquisition, which can obtain an improved performance compared to a 2PPM-based scheme. In addition, the effect of a dimming-factor acquisition error is analyzed, and a frame format for minimizing this error effect is proposed.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2009

대형병원의 에너지 소비패턴을 분석한 후 마이크로가스터빈을 적용할 경우 기존 시스템 대비 냉난방에너지 절감량 및 전기에너지 절감량과 경제성분석을 통해 대형병원의 에너지 소비량을 절감하기 위한 에너지성능평가 모의연구를 수행하였다. 0.5[MW]급 마이크로 가스터빈을 설치한 후 에너지 성능분석을 한 결과 터빈에서의 발전효율은 30[%]이며, 전기는 건물에서 사용되는 조명에너지 뿐만 아니라 전체 전기에너지의 40[%]을 절감할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 터빈에서 발전되는 전기량과 배열을 냉난방에너지원으로 이용할 경우 전체 시스템효율은 70[%]로 상승할 뿐만 아니라 난방에너지의 56[%], 냉방에너지의 67[%]를 절감할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었으며 현가등가법에 의한 시스템 투자회수 기간이 약 9년으로 분석되었다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.189-224
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• 2015

본 연구는 온실가스 감축목표 업종체계에 따라 산업 부문을 18개 세부 업종으로 구분하여 2004년부터 2011년까지의 에너지 소비량과 온실가스 배출량 변화에 대해 로그평균디비지아지수(Log Mean Divisia Index) 분해분석을 하였다. 산업 부문 에너지 소비량의 증가는 생산효과와 에너지원단위 효과에 기인한 것으로 나타났으며, 구조 효과는 에너지 소비량 감소에 기여하였다. 온실가스 배출량 변화에 있어서도 구조 효과만이 온실가스 배출 감소에 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 세부 업종별로는 에너지 소비 및 온실가스 배출량에 미치는 요인별 효과가 서로 달랐다. 특히 본 연구에서는 비금속, 조립금속 등 집계된 업종을 기준으로 분석한 기존 연구들과 달리 이들을 감축목표 업종체계에 따라 세분화하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 비금속의 세부 업종인 시멘트와 조립금속의 세부 업종인 기계업종은 각각 비금속, 조립금속과 서로 다른 분석 결과를 보였다. 따라서 비금속 및 조립금속에 대한 분해분석 결과를 세부 업종들에게 일률적으로 적용할 경우 정책적 오류에 직면할 가능성이 크므로 세부 업종별로 차별화된 정책 대응이 필요하다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2023

Emitted CO₂ is an attractive material for microbial electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Microbial electrochemical CO₂ reduction (i.e., microbial electrosynthesis, MES) using biocatalysts has advantages compared to conventional CO₂ reduction using electrocatalysts. However, MES has several challenges, including electrode performance, biocatalysts, and reactor optimization. In this study, an MES system was investigated for optimizing reactor types, counter electrode materials, and CO₂-converting microorganisms to achieve effective CO₂ upcycling. In autotrophic cultivation (supplementation of CO₂ and H₂), CO₂ consumption of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was observed to be four times higher than that with heterotrophic cultivation (supplementation of succinic acid). The bacterial growth in an MES reactor with a single-chambered shape was two times higher than that with a double chamber (H-type MES reactor). Moreover, a single-chambered MES reactor equipped with titanium mesh as the counter electrode (anode) showed markedly increased current density in the graphite felt as a working electrode (cathode) compared to that with a graphite felt counter electrode (anode). These results demonstrate that the optimized conditions of a single chamber and titanium mesh for the counter electrode have a positive effect on microbial electrochemical CO₂ reduction.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.431-432
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• 2008

We propose a DVS technique for multiprocessor systems considering the energy consumed when translating voltage. We schedule periodic applications on two identical processors throughout a three-stage process; firstly, the computation energy consumption is minimized then the number of voltage translations is minimized. Finally, the result is compared with the schedule with no voltage translation and the one with smaller energy consumption is chosen. Overall, 10.6% energy reduction was achieved.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2005

Liquid pressure amplifiers have been proposed as an energy saving technology for vapor compression refrigeration systems configured with direct-expansion evaporators. The technology utilizes a refrigerant pump in the high pressure liquid line as a means of maintaining a suitable pressure differential across the expansion valve while lowering condensing pressure to achieve the reduction of compressor energy consumption. Applications have been proposed on systems ranging from small unitary air-conditioning to large supermarket and commercial refrigeration systems. This paper clarifies the role of such a device in a vapor compression refrigeration system. Limitations are presented and discussed. Finally, results of detailed analyses are presented to quantify the energy consumption both with and without a liquid pressure amplifier in a unitary air conditioning system. The estimated energy savings associated with the installation of a liquid pressure amplifier are minimal.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2020

In this study, the control characteristics and effects of control methods on heating performance and energy consumption for the hot water floor radiant heating control system of a residential apartment were research by experiment. As a control method, On-Off control and outdoor reset control methods with GRNN(General Regression Neural Network) and without GRNN are considered. Also, the control performances with regard to improvement of indoor thermal environment and reduction of energy consumption are compared, respectively. Experiment results show that the performance of the control method with GRNN is better than that of conventional on-off control method without GRNN in the responses of room set temperature and energy saving.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38B권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2013

최근 영상 디코더 시스템에서 소모전력을 절감하기 위한 방안으로 DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) 방식을 적용한 알고리즘 들이 제안되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 논문[1]에서 전력소모를 최소화할 수 있는 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 이 알고리즘은 수학적으로 최적의 결과를 보장하지만, 사전에 화면 당 디코딩 계산양을 알 수 있다는 조건이 만족하여야 한다. 그러나 실제응용에서 이 조건은 만족되기 어려운 경우가 종종 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 이 제약사항을 극복하는 방안으로, 프레임의 데이터크기로 프레임의 디코딩 계산양을 예측하는 기법에 기초한 수정된 알고리즘을 제안한다. 실제 영상에서 추출된 데이터를 이용한 결과, 계산양 예측 알고리즘은 평균적으로 90%이상의 정확도를 보였으며, 따라서 계산양 예측 기법과 임계점에서의 프래임 크기 20% 내외의 완충버퍼 마진을 적용한 수정한 알고리즘은 버퍼 고갈과 넘침이 일어나지 않으며, 최적알고리즘과 비교할 때 거의 동일한 성능 (1~2% 이하의 성능저하)을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2010

Universities which have taken an important role to develop the human resources, became one of emitters of greenhouse gases, they need to find a way to reduce global warming gases through reduction of energy consumption. This study is intented to propose a solution that can reduce the greenhouse gases at universities located in Korea. To conduct this study, we have chosen a university at Wonju in Kangwon province for a case study and investigated the emissions of carbon dioxide from campus facilities and residential area. The data has become a footstone to estimate the assumed amount of carbon emission for top 23 energy consumption universities in Korea. We calculate the amount for carbon emission, not only for facilities in campus, but also for residential buildings, amount for emission is increased severely by showing $9780.94tCO_2$, which is 2.1 times more than average amount for emission of greenhouse gases researched in existing statistics. Universities have difficulty in introducing new energy generation system, as having been done business companies or other commercial facilities but they are required to introduce some educational methods since it is a academic space. Incentive to universities reducing carbon emission in campus is a system to provide incentives with students, professors, administrative personnels and others in campus as a compensation for their efforts to save energy. It is needed to establish the infrastructures for measuring energy consumption in campus.