• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1000-1006
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• 2004

Selenium and vitamin E are micronutrients essential for normal health and maintenance in poultry. They are necessary in preventing free radical damage to phospholipid membranes, enzymes and other important molecules. Two experiments were conducted in a semi-commercial environment to examine the effect of Se source and vitamin E level in diet on broiler performance and meat quality. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU did not affect growth performance of broilers although the 24 h drip-loss was tended to be reduced (p=0.06). There was an interaction between vitamin E and the source of Se in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and Se concentration in excreta. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU elevated GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 42 IU/g Hb and 0.9 ppm for the organic Se group, respectively, but reduced GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 16 IU/g Hb and 1.3 ppm for inorganic group, respectively. Vitamin E played no role in the feather coverage of the birds when scored on day 37. Organic Se is more effective in improving feather score and 24 h drip-loss, with a markedly higher deposition rate in breast muscle and a lower excretion rate in the excreta (p<0.05) compared to the inorganic Se source. Both vitamin E and the source of Se did not affect (p>0.05) the energy utilisation by birds.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

지구온난화와 이상기후현상으로 인해 온실가스가 증가함에 따라, 온실가스 감축을 위해 국가 단위의 온실가스 배출량 산정이 중요해졌다. 이에 본 연구에서는 온실가스 배출 산정의 기초자료로 활용하고자, 임의의 지역을 선정하고 임야, 초지, 논, 밭(작물), 시설원예(작물), 축사(소, 돼지), 세대(인구, 농기계), 차량 등 기본 구성단위를 설정, 탄소량 원단위와 기초 통계자료를 토대로 지역별 탄소 발생량을 실험과 문헌을 통해 산정하였다. 그 결과, 김제시의 탄소 흡수량은 772,960 ton C/year, 고정량은 487,477 ton C/year, 배출량은 1,112,607 ton C/year 로 나타났으며, 공덕면의 탄소 흡수량 55,559 ton C/year, 고정량 25,864 ton C/year, 배출량은 58,355 ton C/year로 나타났다. 황산리의 탄소 흡수량은 25,107 ton C/year, 고정량은 4,301 ton C/year, 배출량은 20,330 ton C/year 로 나타났다. 이를 통해, 각 단위마을별 특성에 따른 탄소량 산정이 가능하고, 대단위로 확대, 비교 분석하면 국가단위의 탄소 흡수 고정 배출량에 관한 기초자료를 확보 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.280-289
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• 2015

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient and renewable energy technology that can produce biogas from a variety of biomasses such as animal manure, food waste and plant residues. In developing countries this technology is widely used for the production of biogas using local biomasses, but there is little information about the value of these biomasses for energy production. This study was therefore carried out with the objective of estimating the biogas production potential of typical Vietnamese biomasses such as animal manure, slaughterhouse waste and plant residues, and developing a model that relates methane ($CH_4$) production to the chemical characteristics of the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biomass characteristics were measured. Results showed that piglet manure produced the highest $CH_4$ yield of 443 normal litter (NL) $CH_4kg^{-1}$ volatile solids (VS) compared to 222 from cows, 177 from sows, 172 from rabbits, 169 from goats and 153 from buffaloes. Methane production from duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) was higher than from lawn grass and water spinach at 340, 220, and 110.6 NL $CH_4kg^{-1}$ VS, respectively. The BMP experiment also demonstrated that the $CH_4$ production was inhibited with chicken manure, slaughterhouse waste, cassava residue and shoe-making waste. Statistical analysis showed that lipid and lignin are the most significant predictors of BMP. The model was developed from knowledge that the BMP was related to biomass content of lipid, lignin and protein from manure and plant residues as a percentage of VS with coefficient of determination (R-square) at 0.95.This model was applied to calculate the $CH_4$ yield for a household with 17 fattening pigs in the highlands and lowlands of northern Vietnam.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.92-95
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• 1988

핵분열(核分烈) 생성물중(生成物中)에서도 농업환경(農業環境)의 주요(主要) 오염원중(汚染源中)의 하나인 $Sr^{90}$의 수도(水稻) 생육시기(生育時期)에 따른 흡수양상(吸收樣相)과 수도체내(水稻體內) 분포상황을 조사하고자 몇가지 답토양(畓土壤)으로 pot 시험을 수행하였다. 전(全) 수도체중(水稻體中)의 $Sr^{90}$흡수량(吸收量)은 생육초기부터 일정하게 증가하였으나 수도(水稻)의 건물중(g)당 $Sr^{90}$함량은 이앙(移秧)후 90일까지는 생육(生育)이 경과함에 따라 오히려 감소하였으며 이후 등숙기에 다소 증가하였다. Ca과 $Sr^{90}$의 수도체내(水稻體內) 함량은 모두 종실(種實)에 비하여 잎과 줄기에서 높았으며 생육에 따라 Ca은 줄기에서는 감소하고, 종실(種實)에서는 증가하였으나 $Sr^{90}$은 잎에서는 증가(增加)하고 줄기와 종실(種實)에서는 감소하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.494-501
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• 2015

A digestibility study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing mulberry foliage and urea rice-bran as a source of fermentable energy and protein to 12 sheep fed diets based on urea-treated rice straw (TRS). The three dietary treatments were: T1, TRS with mulberry; T2, TRS with 50% mulberry replaced with rice bran and urea; and T3, TRS with rice bran and urea. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The sheep were fed one of the three diets and the supplements were offered at 1.2% of the body weight (BW) and the TRS was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0.05) among the three treatment groups with respect to dry matter (DM) intake ($76.8{\pm}4.2g/kg\;BW^{0.75}$) and DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) digestibility ($55.3{\pm}1.22$; $69.9{\pm}0.85$; $46.3{\pm}1.65%$ respectively for DM, OM, and CP). The digestibility of fiber (neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and acid detergent fiber) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T3 (46.2 and 46.6 respectively) compared to T1 (55.8 and 53.7 respectively) and T2 (54.1 and 52.8 respectively). Nitrogen (N) intake by sheep on diet T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than sheep fed diet T1. However, N balance did not differ among the three diets ($3.0{\pm}0.32g/d$). In contrast, the rumen ammonia ($NH_3-N$) concentrations in sheep fed T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in sheep fed T1. The $NH_3-N$ concentrations for all three diets were above the critical value required for optimum rumen microbial growth and synthesis. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest (p<0.05) in T1 (120.3 mM), whilst the molar proportion of propionic acid was highest in T3 (36.9%). However, the microbial N supply in sheep fed T1 and T3 was similar but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for sheep fed T2. It was concluded that mulberry foliage is a potential supplement of fermentable energy and protein for sheep fed TRS based diet. The suggested level of supplementation is 1.2% of BW or 32% of the total diet since it resulted in similar effects on the intake of DM, OM, and NDF, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP, N utilization and microbial supply when compared to rice bran and urea supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.526-532
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro DM degradability, ME and OMD of alfalfa-maize silage mixtures in comparison to pure maize and alfalfa silages, and to test the existence of associative effects of ensiling alfalfa forage with whole-crop maize using the in vitro gas production technique. Ensiling alfalfa with whole-crop maize had a significant (p<0.001) effect on chemical composition, pH, in vitro DM degradability, OMD and estimated ME values of mixtures. DM content of the resultant silages significantly increased with increasing proportion of whole-crop maize in the mixtures, whereas the pH value, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and ash contents of mixtures decreased due to the dilution effect of whole-crop maize which was low in CP, ADF and ash. The pH values of all alfalfa-maize silage mixtures were at the desired level for quality silage. Gas production of alfalfa-maize silage mixtures at all incubation times except 12 h increased with increasing proportion of whole-crop maize. When alfalfa was mixed with whole-crop maize in the ratio 40:60, ME and OMD values were significantly (p<0.001) higher than other silages. Maximum gas production ($A_{gas}$) ranged from 65.7 to 78.1 with alfalfa silage showing the lowest maximum gas production. The results obtained in this study clearly showed that maximum gas production increased with increased percentage of whole-crop maize in the silage mixtures (r = 0.940, p<0.001). It was concluded that ensiling alfalfa with whole-crop maize improved the pH, OMD and ME values. However, trials with animals are required to see how these differences in silage mixtures affect animal performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1993

Biogas created from animal waste is a precious energy source. A practical and successful utilization of the biogas is not easy, because there lie some difficulties in biogas production and facilities investment. In this study, the requisites for a successful biogas utilization were discussed. The production results obtained in the previous operation of anaerobic digestion plant were used for the simulation. When the slurry heating was designed for constant biogas generation, depreciation costs of the facilities amounted 1,175,000 yen per year, and biogas productions at $24.5^{\circ}C$, $30.0^{\circ}C$ and $35.5^{\circ}C$ were $16.8m^3$, $17.6m^3$ and $25.1m^3$, respectively. Removal ratios of organic matters were not so high. At $35.5^{\circ}C$, energy value of the biogas produced was estimated 125.5 Mcal per day, and the following heat loss (y Mcal/day) was brought about by the temperature difference ($X^{\circ}C$) between the digester and atmosphere; y = 0.769X - 5.375. The costs of biogas production per cow were assumed to decrease according to enlargement of feeding scale, especially on scales of more than 30 cows. On recent levels of costs and prices of energy in Japan, they were nearly equal to 2 to 3 fold of the price of municipal mixed gas when a anaerobic digester was compulsorily heated and kept at $30.0^{\circ}C$ or $35.5^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1598-1604
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• 2001

Eight $12.4{\pm}0.6kg$ initial body weight crossbred barrows were used to determine the effect of soybean galactooligosaccharides on nutrient and energy digestibility, and digesta transit time. Four dietary treatments were utilized in this trial. Treatment one was a corn-soybean meal based diet (SBM) containing raffinose and stachyose at the levels of 0.16% and 0.75%, respectively. Treatment two (control) was a corn-HP300 (soybean concentrate protein) diet. In treatments three and four, 1.1% and 2.2% commercial stachyose was added to the control diet to provide total dietary stachyose at the levels of 1% and 2%, respectively. The soybean galactooligosaccharides (raffinose + stachyose) level in treatment one was slightly lower compared to that in treatment three. Three collection periods were run with two pigs for each treatment/period. There was a 4 d adjustment period followed by a 3 d collection period. The results showed that the nitrogen retention (86.79%) of pigs fed treatment two diet was higher than that of pigs fed treatment one by 5.2% (p<0.05). The nitrogen retention of treatment three was intermediate 83.09%. The apparent fecal digestibility of all amino acids in treatment two was numerically highest, followed by treatments three and four. However, there were no significant difference among groups (p>0.05). The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fiber (CF) digestibility numerically decreased as the soybean galactooligosaccharides level increased, but were not significantly different (p>0.05). Chromium content in feces (from the inclusion of 0.3% chromic oxide in the diets) differed among treatments (p<0.05) at 15 h, 18 h, and 21 h after eating. This showed that the digesta transit time was differed significantly among treatments. Treatment four was the shortest, followed by treatment three, SBM and control. The results demonstrated that in the absence of antinutritional factors and soybean antigen protein, inclusion of 1% and 2% stachyose in corn-HP300 diet has no significant effect on the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF and amino acids. When the soybean galactooligosaccharide level in diet one and diet three were adjusted to be almost the same, antinutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor and soybean antigen protein could decrease the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention rate of diet. High levels of soybean galactooligosaccharides shortened the digesta transit time in the intestinal tract. This trial suggested that the total level of soybean galactooligosaccharides (stachyose+raffinose) in the weanling piglet diet is better not to exceed 1% when common soybean meal is used as main protein source.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2003

본 연구는 찰옥수수의 무경운 재배의 가능성을 구명하고자 5개의 찰옥수수 교잡종을 공시하여 경운 재배와 무경운재배에서 풋이삭수량, 종실구량, 및 주요형질의 반응을 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 경운 구에 비하여 무경운구에서는 출현율이 4％ 정도 낮았고, 출웅일수와 출사일수가 다소 빨랐으며, 생육초기와 후기의 초장은 길었다. 2. 이삭길이 및 수량구성요소는 경운구와 무경운구의 차이가 없었으나, 교잡종간에는 유의성이 있었다. 3. 무경운구의 풋이삭수량과 종실수량은 경운구와 차이를 보이지 않아 무경운재배의 가능성을 나타내었다. 4. 출웅일수, 출사일수, 초장, 이삭길이는 풋이삭수량 및 종실수량과 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1995

음식물찌꺼기를 $1.1m^3$ 규모로 퇴적하여 강제 송풍방식으로 80일 이상 호기적 퇴비화를 실시하였으며, 퇴비화기간 동안 몇가지 이화학적인 특성을 조사하였다. 음식물찌꺼기의 퇴비화 과정중 색도 및 탄질율의 변화를 분석한 결과, 음식물찌꺼기의 유기성 물질들은 신속하게 분해되어 약 30일이면 안정화에 도달하는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 pH는 40일 이후에 중성범위에서 안정화되고, 원형여지크로마토그램은 45일 이후에 특정적인 변화가 나타났으며, EC값은 50일이 경과한 후 안정화에 도달하는 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과들은 음식물찌꺼기를 이용한 퇴비의 안정화 평가를 위해서는 몇가지 이화학적인 특성을 종합적으로 고려해야 함을 의미하는 것으로 판단된다.