• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to explore the effects of trunk exercise using PNF combined with treadmill training on balance and walking ability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: This study included 16 patients with Parkinson's disease. Participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: an experimental group (n=8) and a control group (n=8). All participants underwent treadmill training for 30 minutes. In addition, the experimental group (trunk exercise using PNF) and control group (conventional training) participated in a 30-minute exercise program. Both groups performed the training 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Disease severity (determined using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale motor subscale, UPDRS-3), balance (determined using the Berg balance scale, BBS), walking speed (determined using the 10-meter walking test, 10MWT), and walking endurance (determined using the 6-minute walking test, 6MWT) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results: Pre- to post-intervention improvement was noted on all outcome measures for both groups (p<0.05). Post-intervention, there was a significant improvement in the experimental group as compared to the control group for the following measured outcomes (p<0.05): UPDRS-3 (p=0.03; 95% CI, -5.52 to -0.24), BBS (p=0.04; 95% CI, 0.59 to 6.45), 10MWT (p=0.01; 95% CI, -2.19 to -0.42), and 6MWT (p=0.04; 95% CI, 1.81 to 96.72) Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that trunk exercise using PNF plus treadmill training improves balance and walking ability as compared to conventional training plus treadmill training in patients with Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1700-1707
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of multigrain supplementation on exercise-related changes in running time and glycogen storage capacity of male SD rats engaged in treadmill exercise. Thirty-six 6-week-old rats were divided into six groups: normal (Nor) fed normal feed, control (Con) fed with 20% normal feed and 80% milled rice, test group one (GI) fed with multigrain feed I, test group two (GII) fed with multigrain feed II, test group three (GIII) fed with multigrain feed III, and test group four (GIV) fed with multigrain feed IV. Endurance tests by treadmill machine were administered after 24 days of multigrain feed supplementation and adaptive training. Running time was extended and glycogen storage capacity increased in the multigrain-treated group compared to the non-treated group. Also, the fatigue indicators of inorganic phosphorous, CPK, and lactate concentration were all reduced in the multigrain feed group compared to the control group after 25 min and/or exhausted exercise. But there was no difference in GOP, GTP, lactate, or LDH concentrations between the groups. Our results demonstrated that endurance improved with multigrain feed in rats. Specifically, running time, glycogen storage capacity, inorganic phosphorous, CPK, and lactate serum concentration increased. Importantly, the improvements in endurance brought about in the GII group fed with waxy barley was the greatest among the experimental groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.235-243
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to examine the thickness of the trunk muscles ie. external obliques (EO), transversus abdominis (TrA), and multifidus and the trunk endurance strength in order to determine any relationship between the presence or absence of low back pain (LBP) and the size of trunk muscles. Data were obtained from 50 subjects, aged between 19-29 years. Participants had no experience of spinal problems that had resulted in a restriction of normal activity or time-off work and no current spinal symptoms. Measurements of muscle thickness of the trunk muscles were collected at rest, contraction and 15 seconds of post contraction during endurance strength tests. Background information was obtained followed all physical measures. Subjects were divided into two groups based on their experience of LBP. In draw-in maneuver, increasing the thickness of TrA was observed in all participants while EO was decreased at contraction in group 1 and increase in group 2. Only subjects in the group 2 had TrA increased during the flexion endurance test. In the side-bridge endurance test, the thickness of the right TrA was also observed differently between groups. Therefore, the results of the study may suggest that a function of specific muscle should be addressed for training persons with LBP.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-21
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical fitness status and health promoting life styles of the workers. For the purpose, 108 workers who attended the exercise program in Inchon branch of KISCO were selected as the subjects. From Oct. 20th to Nov. 30th, in 1998, they were firstly assessed their physical fitness. The items include cardio-respiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, agility, power, balance, body composition, etc. Secondly, the health promoting life styles were asked by questionnaires about daily life and dietary habits. Both of them were evaluated by 5 or 3 levels as A(very good) to E(very poor) or A (good) to C(poor). Those data were analyzed percentile, mean, standard deviation by SAS program. Major findings are as follows ; 1. The health promoting life styles were generally good, but 43.5% of the subjects didn't exercise at all. Most of them(93.5%) thought about their physical fitness status as lower than average level. About half of them(48.1%) didn't drink alcohol, non smokers were 70.4% of them. But they had poor dietary habits(lower than average level : 79.6%), females were a little bit better than males. The aged group had the poor body compositions, 21.4% of females and 10.0% of males were obese. 2. Physical fitness status of the workers were assessed as two areas, one is health related, the other is physical function related area. In the health related area, females were better than males, in view of age, forties aged group had the highest scores of all items except cardio-respiratory endurance. Among 'A' and 'B' level, muscular endurance was showed most frequently, followed by muscular strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance. In physical function related status, balance was ranked highly in the portion of over 'B', followed by power, agility. In view of sex, males were better than females for all items except balance, and there were various figures in the status by age groups. 3. Comprehensive assessment scores were poor(under 'D' leves were most frequent), females were better than males, and teenage group had the worst scores. In ages of the physical fitness, generally they had 1 year under their real ages, and females were better than males. In view of age, forties aged group was ranked highly and teenagers had lowest scores.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.666-672
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term endurance exercise and salvia miltiorrhiza vinegar on body composition and insulin resistance of high-fat diet (30% carbohydrate, 50% fat and 20% protein) induced obese rats. After 8 weeks of high fat diet (50% of total calories), rats were divided into 4 groups (sedentary group, n=10; exercise group, n=10; Salvia miltiorrhiza vinegar group, n=10; exercise+Salvia miltiorrhiza vinegar group, n=10) for 8 weeks. Body weight, body composition, diet intake volume, oral glucose tolerance test, plasma total cholesterol were measured. The results showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza vinegar plus endurance exercise training for 8 weeks significantly improved body weight control, visceral fat weight, and insulin resistance. However, only Salvia miltiorrhiza vinegar treatment did not significantly improve body composition and insulin resistance. In addition, there was no additive by the combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza vinegar and endurance exercise in insulin, body fat, and total cholesterol. The reduction of body fat, glucose, insulin and cholesterol by combination was resulted from the exercise. These results suggest that Salvia miltiorrhiza vinegar has slight effect on anti-hyperglycemia and anti-obesity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.227-231
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the effects of aerobic exercise on the severity of disease and walking ability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Twelve patients with Parkinson's disease participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group (n=6) or a self-exercise group (n=6). All participants underwent treadmill training for 30 minutes. In addition, the experimental group (aerobic exercise group) and control group (self-exercise group) participated in a 30 minutes exercise program. In both groups, exercise was performed five times a week for four weeks. Outcome including disease severity (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) and walking ability (10 m walking speed test, 6 minutes walking test, timed up-and-go test) were measured at baseline and after 4-weeks. Results: Significant differences in disease severity and walking ability were observed between the pre- and post-exercise groups (p<0.05). The improvement of disease severity and walking endurance was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that aerobic exercise is effective at improving disease severity and walking endurance in patients with Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to propose an effective field test for assessing the cardiovascular endurance of soccer players by comparing the shuttle run test and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo test), which are representative of the aerobic exercise performance test, with the VO2max and other sprint tests. The shuttle run test requires the subject to run continuously without a break interval, while the Yo-Yo test has a break interval, so that they run with the recovery period. Therefore, the Yo-Yo test can be used as an effective field test for evaluating the cardiopulmonary function considering the characteristics of the soccer players of intermittent training.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.207-218
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• 2022

Aging in mammals, including humans, is accompanied by loss of bone and muscular function and mass, characterized by osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Although resistance exercise training (RET) is considered an effective intervention, its effect is blunted in some elderly individuals. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptor, FGFR, can modulate bone and muscle quality during aging and physical performance. To elucidate this possibility, the FGFR inhibitor NVP-BGJ398 was administrated to C57BL/6n mice for 8 weeks with or without RET. Treatment with NVPBGJ398 decreased grip strength, muscular endurance, running capacity and bone quality in the mice. FGFR inhibition elevated bone resorption and relevant gene expression, indicating altered bone formation and resorption. RET attenuated tibial bone resorption, accompanied by changes in the expression of relevant genes. However, RET did not overcome the detrimental effect of NVP-BGJ398 on muscular function. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that FGFR signaling may have a potential role in the maintenance of physical performance and quality of bone and muscles.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week plyometric training on body composition, physical fitness and bone mineral density in obese male adolescents. Method: Twenty adolescent boys who are obese were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, n=10) or plyometic exercise group (EXE, n=10). The EXE group was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density were measured before and after the 12 weeks intervention. Results: The results of this study were as follows: i) In EXE group, the fat mass was significantly decreased between pre and post, whereas the difference of the body weight, BMI, and LBM were not significant. ii) Among the physical fitness factors, grip strength, muscular endurance, and 2 0m shuttle running were significantly improved but flexibility did not show any significant difference. iii) The bone mineral density was significantly improved between pre and post in EXE group. Conclusion: These results suggested that plyometric training for 12 weeks may be effective in improving body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density in obese adolescents. Further implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.413-423
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• 2024

Sixteen male college students were divided into two groups: a face-to-face group(n=8) and a real-time non-face-to-face exercise group(n=8), engaging in 30minute sessions twice a week for a duration of 8 weeks. Body composition and physical strength were measured as dependent variables before and after the home training period. For data analysis, a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted to evaluate the effects on body composition and physical strength, considering differences in exercise methods and measurement periods. Post hoc analysis using Bonferroni correction was applied. To compare the mean difference in change between groups, the pre-post difference was calculated, and an independent t-test was performed. The statistical significance level was set at p<.05. The results showed that 8 weeks of home training led to an increase in skeletal muscle mass and improvements in muscle strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory endurance in male college students, regardless of whether they participated in face-to-face or real-time non-face-to-face exercise. Moreover, there was no significant difference in exercise effectiveness between the face-to-face and real-time non-face-to-face exercise methods. Thus, these findings suggest that real-time non-face-to-face exercise can be as effective as face-to-face exercise in enhancing skeletal muscles and physical strength in male college students. Additionally, if a real-time non-face-to-face exercise program is validated for individuals with mobility issues or the elderly, it could serve as an effective alternative for those who face challenges in participating in face-to-face exercise sessions.