• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2020

[Purpose] The present study investigated the effect of endurance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) performed at either 25% maximal oxygen uptake (${\dot{V}}O_2$ max) or 40% ${\dot{V}}O_2$ max) on muscle oxygenation, energy metabolism, and endocrine responses. [Methods] Ten males were recruited in the present study. The subjects performed three trials: (1) endurance exercise at 40% ${\dot{V}}O_2$ max without BFR (NBFR40), (2) endurance exercise at 25% ${\dot{V}}O_2$ max with BFR (BFR25), and (3) endurance exercise at 40% ${\dot{V}}O_2$ max with BFR (BFR40). The exercises were performed for 15 min during which the pedaling frequency was set at 70 rpm. In BFR25 and BFR40, 2 min of pressure phase (equivalent to 160 mmHg) followed by 1 min of release phase were repeated five times (5 × 3 min) throughout 15 minutes of exercise. During exercise, muscle oxygenation and concentration of respiratory gases were measured. The blood samples were collected before exercise, immediately after 15 min of exercise, and at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after completion of exercise. [Results] Deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) level during exercise was significantly higher with BFR25 and BFR40 than that with NBFR40. BFR40 showed significantly higher total-hemoglobin (total-Hb) than NBFR40 during 2 min of pressure phase. Moreover, exercise-induced lactate elevation and pH reduction were significantly augmented in BFR40, with concomitant increase in serum cortisol concentration after exercise. Carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation was significantly higher with BFR40 than that with NBFR40 and BFR25, whereas fat oxidation was lower with BFR40. [Conclusion] Deoxy-Hb and total Hb levels were significantly increased during 15 min of pedaling exercise in BFR25 and BFR40, indicating augmented local hypoxia and blood volume (blood perfusion) in the muscle. Moreover, low-and moderate-intensity exercise with BFR facilitated CHO oxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1031-1037
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• 2002

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise training on skeletal muscle free amino acid concentrations, and differences in free amino acid concentration between soleus muscle which consists of mostly slow twitch oxidative fiber and extensor digitorum longus muscle which consists of fast twitch oxidative glycolytic fiber. Sixteen male SD rats (4 weeks old) were randomly devided into two groups, and fed a purified AIN-93M diet with or without aerobic exercise training according to the protocol (running on the treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min, 5 days a week) for 6 weeks. Exercise-training for 6 weeks significanly reduced the commulative body weight gain (p＜0.05) and food efficiency ratio (p＜0.01) of rats. The result showing mitochondrial citrate synthase activity of soleus muscle was significantly higher in exercise-trained rats compared to the value for control animals (p＜0.01) indicates aerobic exercise-training was successfully accomplished in the trained group. No difference was found in the muscle aminogram pattern between soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus muscle of control animals. However, free amino acid concentrations of soleus muscle were from 1.2 to 3.9 times of those found in extensor digitorum longus muscle of control rats, depending on an individual amino acid. Intermediate level of endurance exercise training for 6 weeks did not influence concentrations of most of free amino acid in soleus muscle of rats collected at an overnight fasted and rested state. In contrast, isolucine and leucine concentrations in extensor digitorum longus muscle of exercise-trained rats were significantly lower than those for control animals. These results indicate that aerobic energy metabolism had not been efficiently conducted, and thereby the utilization of BCAA for energy substrate was enhanced in fast twitch oxidative glycolytic fibers of extensor digitorum longus muscle of rats followed exercise-training protocol for 6 weeks.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.96-108
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of endurance training prior to occurrence of muscle atrophy on the mass, myofibrillar protein content and fiber crossectional area of atrophied hindlimb muscles of rats. Adult female Wistar rats were trained prior to occurrence of muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension. Training began on the 1st day for 10min /day at 15m /min on a 0% grade, training exercise increased daily in time and intensity so that by the 4th week rats were running 60min /day, at 34m /min on a i3.5% grade. Wet weight and relative weight of soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly after seven days of hindlimb suspension. Wet weight and relative weight of soleus tended to increase and that of plantaris and gastrocnemius tended to decrease in the exercise group as compared to the control group. Myofibrillar protein content of soleus and gastrocnemius tended to increase and that of plantaris tended to decrease in the endurance trained group as compared to the control group. Fiber crossectional area of Type I, II fiber in soleus and plantaris muscle tended to increase in the exercise group as compared to the control group. Wet weight and relative weight of soleus. plantaris and gastrocnemius decreased significantly, myofibrillar protein content of soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius increased in hindlimb suspended rats following endurance training as compared to the control group. There was no change in fiber type percentage and crossectional area of type I and II fiber in soleus muscle and that of type I and IIfiber in plantaris muscle decreased in the hindlimb suspended rats following endurance training as compared to the control group. Wet weight and relative weight of soleus and plantaris tended to increase, that of gastrocnemius increased significantly, myofibrillar protein content of soleus and plantaris muscle increased significantly and that of gastrocnemius tended to increase in the hindlimb suspended rats following endurance training as compared to sedentary rats following endurance training. Crossectional area of type I fiber of soleus muscle tended to increase. that of type I fiber of plantaris muscle increased significantly and that of type II fiber tended to increase in hindlimb suspended rats following endurance training as compared to sedentary rats following endurance training. The results suggest that endurance training prior to occurrence of muscle atrophy can attenuate the decrease of mass, myofibrillar protein content and fiber crossectional area induced by hindlimb suspension.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to introduce a 12-week muscular endurance exercise program and β-glucan consumption to obese elderly people with sarcopenia. We evaluated the program's impact on appendicular skeletal muscle strength and function, muscle function-related physical strength, blood lipids, and IGF-1. The results will serve as foundational data for preventing and improving sarcopenia. Methods : Forty elderly people aged 65 or older were recruited and underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Based on criteria related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/Height2: less than 5.4 kg/m2) and body fat percentage (at least 30% for women and 25% for men), we selected 24 obese elderly people with sarcopenia and excluded 56 who did not meet the criteria. Variables related to sarcopenia, blood lipids, IGF-1, and muscle function were measured before the 12-week muscular endurance exercise program. Results : In sarcopenic obese elderly participants, the 12-week muscular endurance exercise program significantly increased bone density and muscle mass while decreasing fat mass and percentage (p<.05). This program also improved grip strength, static balance, and SPPB in sarcopenic obese older adults. Furthermore, their 6-minute walk distance significantly increased (p<.05). Conclusion : Muscular endurance exercises combined with supplement intake can increase appendicular skeletal muscle and improve muscle strength and function, thereby improving the daily physical performance of the elderly.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.571-581
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 내당능장애를 유도한 쥐들을 대상으로 다른 운동 강도의 지구성 및 저항성 운동을 중재하여 당뇨관련 혈액인자들에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하는데 있다. 37주령 C57BL/6 쥐 54마리를 (1) 일반식이대조군(CO, n=9), (2) 내당능장애군(IGT, n=9), (3) 내당능장애 + VO_2max 50% 지구성운동군(IGT50A, n=9), (4) 내당능장애 + VO_2max 75% 지구성운동군(IGT75A, n=9), (5) 내당능장애 + 1RM의 50% 저항성운동군(IGT50R, n=9), 그리고 (6) 내당능장애 + 1RM의 75% 저항성운동군(IGT75R, n=9)으로 분류하였다. 지구성 운동 프로그램은 동물 실험용 트레드밀을 사용하여 주5일, 1일 40분씩 8주간 트레드밀운동을 실시하였다. 저항성 운동은 주5일 8주간 사다리 저항 운동을 반복사이 2분간의 휴식을 주어 총 8번의 Climbing을 실시하였다. 운동 프로그램 후 인슐린은 통계적으로 모든 그룹간의 차이가 없었다. 공복 혈당은 대조군보다 IGT 유도군들에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 운동군들간의 차이는 없었으나 IGT군이 IGT75R군에 비해 유의하게 높은 수치를 보였다. HOMA-IR은 대조군과 IGT군에서만 유의한 차이를 보였다. 당화혈색소 검사에서는 IGT군이 다른 모든 집단들에 비해 높은 수치를 보였으며, IGT75A군과 IGT50R군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 총 콜레스테롤은 대조군이 내당능장애 유도군들과 비교하여 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보여주었다. 반면 중성지방은 그룹간의 차이가 없었다. HDL-C는 지구성 운동군들이 대조군과 IGT군에 비해 유의하게 높은 수치를 보였으나 저항성 운동군들과의 차이는 없었다. LDL-C는 대조군이 IGT군과 운동군들에 비해 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보였으며, IGT75A군은 IGT군과 IGT50R군에 비해 낮은 수치를 보였다. 결론적으로 75%의 저항성 운동은 혈당에 보다 긍정적인 영향을 주었으며, 75%의 지구성 운동은 당화혈색소와 LDL-C의 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지구성 운동은 저항성 운동에 비해 HDL-C의 증가에 보다 효과적임을 보여주었다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of BeHaS exercise program on the upper body function(muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility) in middle-aged women. Method: Middle-aged women were recruited in the community the study was conducted from August 2005 to December 2005. Twenty-two experimental subjects were selected from P area, eighteen control subjects were selected from A area. The experimental group carried out the program two times a week for 12 weeks. Muscle strength(grip strength, pinch strength), muscle endurance (push-up), flexibility were measured. Data were analyzed with $x^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA using SPSS WIN 11.5. Results: 1) Left grip strength and right pinch strength of the experimental group were significant differences after the BeHaS exercise program. 2)Muscle endurance of the experimental group(t=3.14, p=0.015) was significant difference after the BeHaS exercise program. 3) Left and right flexibility showed no significant differences after the BeHaS exercise program. Conclusion: The results suggest that BeHaS exercise program would partially improve upper body function of middle-aged women. Further studies are necessary in order to determine the effects of flexibility after BeHaS exercise program.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2008년도 제49회 학술심포지움 및 국제학술대회
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• pp.37.2-37.2
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• 2008

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.655-666
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The main objective of this study is observing the effects of the functional postural trunk exercise (FPTE) on deep cranio-cervical flexor (CCF) muscle endurance applied on neck pain patients suffering from the acute whiplash-association disorder (WAD). METHODS: The study was tested with 47 patients with neck pain. All patients were equally treated with the ordinary therapy, only experimental group (n=23) was treated with FPTE: assumption of an upright lumbo-pelvic and spinal postural position, adding a neck lengthening manoeuvre in addition. Patients attended physical therapy for 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, neck disability index (NDI), range of motion (ROM), were recorded both before and after the intervention. Also muscle activity in the CCF test was employed to analyze the changes between before and after. RESULT: After 4 weeks of training intervention, a remarkable increase in muscle endurance, rotation, extension ROM (p<.05) and decrease in pain and NDI (p<.05) in both groups. Further, the differences between groups were muscle endurance (F=60.350, p<.01), pain, and the left rotation ROM (p<.05). CONCLUSION: From the results, the experimental group had significant the increase in muscle endurance, and the significant decrease in pain. Whilst further research in this category is necessary, these observations suggest that applying exercise in early diagnosis can be of help to treat the neck pain patients suffering from the WAD.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chin tuck exercise (CTE) on the craniovertebral angle (CVA), strength and endurance of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles in subjects with forward head posture(FHP). This study was performed on 30 subjects with FHP. Method : Thirty subjects were divided into two groups; modified CTE (n=15), conventional CTE (n=15). Both of the group performed the exercise 4 times a week for 6 weeks. The subjects performed CTE in two different methods; modified CTE, with device designed that help keep cervical lordois curve, and coventional CTE, without using device. The CVA was measured using Image software version. A pressure biofeedback unit was used to measure the strength and endurance of the DCF muscles. The data was analyzed by the paired t-test for comparing before and after changes of variables in each group and the independent t-test for comparing the between groups. Result : There was statistically significant difference of before and after strength and endurance of DCF muscles in modified CTE (p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of before and after only endurance of DCF muscles in conventional CTE (p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of between the two group in strength of DCF muscles (p<0.05). Conclusion : Muscle strength to stabilize the spine plays an important role in maintaining a good posture. Therefore, we suggest that the application of CTE with a device designed to maintain the lordotic curvature in the neck is likely to yield better outcomes in FHP subjects in future studies.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effects of an exercise program on body composition and physical fitness of obese female college students. Method: Data was collected from September 29, 2003 to December, 29, 2003. The research design was arandomized control group pretest-posttest experimental design. The subjects were college nursing students at K University. Forty four students, 20 in the experimental group and 24 ina control group, with more than $30\%$ body fat were randomly assigned. The subjects in the experimental group participated in an exercise program for 12 weeks, sixty minutes per session, five times per week. Body composition and physical fitness was measured by a body composition analyzer, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength(grip strength, back strength), flexibility, balance, agility(whole body reaction time) and power(standing long jump). Result: Body weight(F=4.76, p=0.035), body fat(kg)(F=5.68, p=0.022) and body mass index(F=5.73, p=0.021) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in body fat($\%$), lean body mass, muscle mass and WHR. Back strength(F=6.50, p=0.015), flexibility(F=14.62, p=0.000), muscle endurance(F=7.98, p=0.007), power(F=5.76, p=0.02l) and balance(F=2.46, p=0.018) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in cardiovascular endurance, grip strength or agility. Conclusiton: The exercise program was effective in improving body weight, body fat(kg), body mass index, back strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance and power of obese female college students.