• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 2000

Endobronchial metastases from extrathoracic primary malignancies are uncommon. Breast, renal, and colonic carcinomas are primary sites most likely to give rise to endobronchial metastases. A number of other tumours have been reported as being complicated by endobronchial metastasis, including ovarian, thyroid, uterine, adrenal, testicular and prostatic carcinomas. The incidence of endobronchial metastasis has been estimated at 2% in patients who died of metastatic disease. Lung parenchymal metastases are common manifestations in patients with rectal cancer, however spread to the major airway is extremely rare. We herein report a case of endobronchial metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma. A 69-year-old male patient who had been previously treated with surgical resection with rectal cancer presented with a 8-month history of gradually increasing dyspnea and non-productive cough. Clinical and radiological investigations revealed endobronchial metastasis involving, and penetrating, the lower carina and the left main bronchus. We confirmed endobronchial metastasis from the rectal carcinoma by bronchoscopic biopsy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.609-614
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• 2001

Benign endobronchial tumors are rare diseases with an incidenced of between 1 and 5% of all Jung tumors. An endobronchial fibroepithelial polyp is an extremely rare form of benign bronchial tumor. Clinically, an endobronchial fibroepithelial polyp causes an airway obstruction and obstructive pneumonitis as does other endobronchial tumors. Therefore, it is important to differentiate an endobronchial fibroepithelial polyp pathologically from other benign endobronchial tumors and bronchogenic carcinomas. Here, we report a case of an endobronchial fibroepithelial polyp, in a 25-year-old man who had suffered from chest discomfort upon deep breathing with a brief review of the relevant literature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.6
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• pp.250-255
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• 2013

Endobronchial metastasis of leiomyosarcoma is rare, but it can cause life-threatening complications, such as massive hemoptysis, respiratory failure or even death. The development of new endoscopic modalities allows for effective endobronchial management. We report three patients with endobronchial metastases from advanced leiomyosarcomas which caused bronchial obstruction. The bronchoscopic examinations revealed masses obstructing the left main bronchus in all three patients. After removing the endobronchial tumor via interventional bronchoscopy, there was symptomatic and radiologic improvement. Moreover, the patients were able to undergo additional palliative chemotherapy. Therefore, endobronchial management of endobronchial tumors should be considered in the treatment of endobronchial metastasis, even in patients with advanced malignancies.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2011

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), which enables visualization of lesions beyond the bronchus, broadens the fields of bronchoscopy. Two types of ultrasound, radial and linear, are used for bronchoscopy. Radial EBUS is performed by inserting an ultrasound mini-probe through the working channel of a flexible bronchoscope. Evaluation of the depth of invasion of early endobronchial lung cancers using radial EBUS is useful in deciding endobronchial treatment. A central tumor limited to within the cartilaginous layer is a good indication for endobronchial photodynamic therapy. EBUS-guide sheath (GS) technique is a sampling method assisted by localization of peripheral lesions using EBUS. The diagnostic yield of EBUS-GS method is higher than that of conventional transbronchial biopsy. High diagnostic values of EBSU-GS method are reported even in small (${\leq}2cm$) peripheral tumors. Linear EBUS is used for endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). EBUS-TBNA has high diagnostic yields in mediastinal staging of lung cancer even in patients having radiologically early stage lung cancers with normal CT or PET findings in the mediastinum. EBUS is a valuable method in evaluating early endobronchial tumors and peripheral small lung cancers and as well as in mediastinal staging.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.386-389
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• 2001

An endobronchial metastasis is defined as a subsegmental or a more proximal central bronchial metastasis of a nonpulmonary neoplasm in the bronchoscopically visible range. However, the frequencies of endobronchial metastasis range from 2 to 50% of pulmonary metastases from extrathoracic neoplasms by a different definition of an endobronchial metastasis. Primary neoplasms of an endobronchial metastasis including breast cancer, colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and ovarian cancer are relatively common. However, an endobronchial metastasis arising from thyroid cancer, parotid gland tumor, bone tumor, bladder cancer, and stomach cancer has only rarely been reported in the literature. Here we report a case of an endobrochial metastases from a hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 2003

Primary endobronchial leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare, which is uncommon of primary endobronchial tumors. We report a primary endobronchial leiomyosarcoma. A 19-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital ulcerative endobrochial tumor in the origin of left lower lobar bronchus and bronchoscopic biopsy showed a endobronchial leiomyoma. The patient underwent a left lower sleeve lobectomy and final pathologic diagnosis was ㅁ primary endobronchial leiomyosarcoma. After 4 months, follow-up bronchoscopy reveled local recurrence of a endobronchial leiomyosarcoma on a left main bronchus. A left completion pneumonectomy was perfomed and he was discharged without complications.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 1997

A total of 322 patients with endobronchial tuberculosis (8.1%) out of 3,982 subjects who had a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of Hanyang University Hospital between the beginning of March 1982 and the end of April 1996 were included in this study. The peak incidence occurred in the second decade, and the male to female was 1 : 3.0. The barking cough with variable amounts of sputum was the most common chief complaint in 56.9% of the 313 patients. Other complaints included dyspnea, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis, and generalized weakness. Localized wheeze was heard over the chest in 16.9% of the 313 patients. Infiltration/consolidation was the most common roentgenographic finding of the chest in 64.2%. Bronchoscopically, hypertrophy with luminal narrowing was the most common findings in 32.3% of the 322 patients and left main bronchus was the most frequently involved in 24.0%. Using fiberoptic bronchoscopy allows not only substantial meaningful assessment of endobronchial tuberculosis but also makes a differential diagnosis of lung cancer in older patients. We need further evaluations of standard bronchoscopic classification of endobronchial tuberculosis, diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial tuberculosis by PCR, a large prospective study of effects of corticosteroids in endobronchial tuberculosis patients, and appropriate treatment of atelectasis by endobronchial tuberculosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.957-960
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• 1994

The endobronchial hamartoma is a relatively rare benign tumor of the lung. The symptoms of the endobronchial hamartoma are produced by obstruction of the bronchus and its sequelae. This patient was 51 year old male and complained dypnea, cough and purulent sputum for 2 years. On bronchoscopic view, a yellowish pedunculated mass nearly total occluding right main bronchial lumen was found. Endoscopic biopsy revealed squamous cell metaplasia of the bronchial mucosa. The operation was done with the right pneumonectomy. The pathologic result of the operative specimen was endobronchial hamartoma arisen from the right upper lobe bronchus.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 2005

Herein, we report a case of tumorous endobronchial tuberculosis with successful recovery of atelectasis without any significant bronchial stricture, after repeated expectorations of nodular tissues. A 24-year-old male patient was presented with persistent cough. The patient was diagnosed to be suffering from tuberculous lymphadenitis on right axillar and mediastinum of lung, and was subsequently treated with antituberculosis agents. After two months, clinical deteriorations and atelectasis were observed on right upper lobe of lung. Multiple endobronchial tumorous lesions, which obstructed the right main bronchus, were revealed on bronchoscopy, and based on the endobronchial biopsy findings we confirmed that the patient was suffering from endobronchial tuberculosis. We decided to administer antituberculosis agents without any additional procedure. After few weeks, the patient spontaneously expectorated nodular tissues with vigorous coughing. Later on, the symptoms and atelectasis disappeared and the patient was completely recovered. This case shows that in patients suffering from tumorous endobronchial tuberculosis, endobronchial mass can be expectorated spontaneously without sequelae of significant bronchial stenosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

Endobronchial chondroma is a cartilaginous benign tumor, which arises from bronchial cartilage. As a rare benign tumor, endobronchial chondroma differs from cartilaginous hamartoma in that it includes cartilage components only, but hamartoma contains lipomatous and lymphoid tissue. The clinical manifestations of endobronchial chondroma are associated with the extent of mechanical obstruction of bronchus. Symptoms of endobronchial chondroma are nonspecific, such as cough, sputum, fever, or dyspnea on exertion. Endobronchial chondroma is often misdiagnosed as other diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or pulmonary tuberculosis. The treatment is usually surgical procedures, such as resection of lung segment or lobe by thoracostomy, or resection of tumor by bronchoscopy. We report a case of the patient who was diagnosed to have endobronchial chondroma treated by bronchial resection and end to end anastomosis.