• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1998

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.213-228
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• 2020

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are new materials used in various fields of science and engineering, one of which is civil engineering. Owing to their distinguished capabilities such as super elasticity, energy dissipation, and tolerating cyclic deformations, these materials have been of interest to engineers. On the other hand, the connections of a steel structure are of paramount importance because of their vulnerabilities during an earthquake. Therefore, it is indispensable to find approaches to augment the efficiency and safety of the connection. This research investigates the behavior of steel connections with extended end plates equipped hybridly with 8 rows of high strength bolts as well as Nitinol superelastic SMA bolts. The connections are studied using component method in dual form. In this method, the components affecting the connections behavior, such as beam flange, beam web, column web, extended end plate, and bolts are considered as parallel and series springs according to the Euro-Code3. Then, the nonlinear force- displacement response of the connection is presented in the form of moment-rotation curve. The results obtained from this survey demonstrate that the connection has ductility, in addition to its high strength, due to high ductility of SMA bolts.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.885-891
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• 2016

3D images are generally manufactured by complex production processes. We suggested a simple method to make 3D images based on a mechanical machining technology in this study. We designed a tetrahedron consisted of many arcs having the depth of $100{\mu}m$ and the pitch of $500{\mu}m$, and machined them on an aluminum plate using end-milling under several conditions of feed-rate and depth of cut. The area of undeformed chip including depth of cut and feed-rate can predict quality of the machined arcs more precisely than the undeformed chip thickness including only feed rate. Moreover, a diamond tool can improve the quality than a CBN tool when many arcs are machined. Based on the analysis, the designed tetrahedron having many arcs was machined with no burr, and it showed different images when observed from the left and right directions. Therefore, it is verified that a 3D image can be designed and manufactured on a metal plate by end-milling under optimized machining conditions.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.438-443
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• 2001

Plate impingement of the impulse wave discharged from the open end of a duct is numerically investigated using a CFD method. Harten-Yee Total Variation Diminishing method is used to solve the unsteady, compressible flow governing equations. The Mach number, the flat plate inclination and the distance between the duct exit and inclined flat plate are changed to investigate their effects on the impinging flow field. The impulse wave impingement on the inclined flat plate depends on Mach number $M_s$ and the plate inclination $\psi$. The pressure distributions on the inclined flat plate show that for a small r/D, the peak pressure at the center of an inclined flat plate decreases with an increase in the plate inclination $\psi$ in the range of $\psi$ from $45^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}$ but for a large r/D, the peak pressure decreases with an increase in $\psi$ in the range of $\psi$ from $75^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$. It is also found that for all of r/D, the peak pressure at the center of an inclined flat plate has a maximum value in $\psi=90^{\circ}$.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.129-139
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• 1999

Recently, many strengthening methods are developed and used to rehabilitate existing structures. One of the old and popular methods is strengthening with bonding steel plate. However, steel plate bonding method has a defect, which is debonding failure of steel plate before yielding of the plate due to stress concentration at the of the bonded plate. The objective of this study is the experimental verification of the improved bonding properties of a strengthening plate with notches. Two normal beams and ten strengthened beams with steel plate, which have several different notches, are tested and showed their effectiveness. Test results show that the notches of strengthening plate significantly improve post-yielding behavior, compared to normally strengthened beams. It is proved that the notches of strengthening plate increases ultimate strength 14% more than normal strengthened beam after yield strength. As for the shape of notches, arc notch is the best. and triangle notch and trapezoidal notch are the next and end welding method has no effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05c
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• pp.33-38
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• 1996

영광 3,4호기용 원전연료에 사용되는 구조용 부품들 중에서 coil형 Holddown spring을 포함한 Upper end fitting assembly, Lower end fitting 등을 국내에서 제조할 수 있는 제조공정이 대우 정밀(주)에서 개발되었다. 이 공정에서 제조한 시제품들에 대하여 기계/구조적인 설계 관점에서 요구되는 제 조건들의 만족 여부를 구조강도 및 특성시험을 통하여 검증하였다. 검증시험 결과 주조제품인 Holddown plate 및 Lower end fitting은 주조물에서 요구되는 제기준과 기계/구조적인 설계 관건에서의 구조적 강도요건을 만족하고 있었고 coil형 Holddown spring의 특성이 설계 요구범위내에 있음이 확인됨으로서 향후 생산될 원전연료에는 금번에 개발된 공정으로 제조될 부품들이 사용필 수 있으리라 전망된다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

This study investigated the structural performance of wire-integrated steel decks with varied lattice end support conditions through finite element analysis. The results indicated that the steel decks with the lattice foots positioned above the supporting structural member have the higher system stiffness compared to the cases with the lattice foots shifted away from the support. It is also observed that the contribution of the end vertical bars on both the system stiffness and the strength is negligible when the lattice foots are located on the support. It is, especially, revealed that the end vertical bars can be eliminated when the lattice foot length is not smaller than 40mm. The ultimate load-carrying capacity of the system is not significantly affected by the lattice end support condition. The failure mode of the system is the top bar buckling at the center of the deck plate, the lattice end buckling, and the combination of both depending of design intention.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 1996

The differentiation of nail matrix and fine structure of matrix cells were studied with light and electron microscope using specimens from nails of thumb finger in Korean fetuses 14 to 24 weeks old. Fetal nail matrix consisted of two horizontal layers, thicker ventral and thinner dorsal matrices, originating from invagination of epidermis in proximal nail field. Matrix being generally thicker in its distal region than the apex became gradually thickened with increase of the fetal age. Each matrix consisted of single layer of basal cells and multiple layers of squamous cells which are arranged close to and parallel to the central axis of the nail mairix. The process of keratinization of fetal nail matrix was noted to be occured concurrently in the ventral and dorsal matrices along the central axis of matrix toward distal and dorsal direction. Squamous cells became matured with accumulation of tonofilaments, increase of keratohyalin granules, discharge of membrane coating granules, and narrowing of intercellular spaces, thickening of plasma membrane and finally being transformed into horny cells of nail plate. Horny cells of nail plate filled with fibrous elements in the electron dense amorphous substance. These findings of keratinization process of fetal nail matrix appeared to be similar to those of keratinization in epidermis and inner root sheath of the hair. In the nail matrix, however, corresponding region to the keratogenous zone of growing hair follicle was not observed. Vacuolated squamous cells of nail matrix seen on light microscopy was considered to be artefactual product, but squamous cells with condensed small nuclei rarely found adjacent nail plate was considered to be one of the squamous cells with unknown function. Proximal end of nail plate was observed on dorsal surface of nail field distal to the proximal nail fold at 14 and 16 weeks old human embryos. Proximal prolongation of the proximal end of nail plate was occured with advancing fetal age and afterward 21 weeks nail plate invaded into nail matrix. Melanin granule containing cells and Merkel cells were present only on the basal layer of dorsal nail matirx.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.160-171
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• 2019

The sword with a ring pommel, which was excavated from the first stone chamber of the ancient tombs of Jeongchon Village in Naju, is a sword with a pentagon undecorated ring pommel consisting of a mother sword and two child swords. The sword with an undecorated ring pommel of Jeongchon comprises a ring pommel, a hilt, a knife, and a knife end decoration. This sword was coated with lacquer. The ring pommel is an iron frame covered with silver plate; however the silver tarnished into a light purple due to silver chloride corrosion, and iron corrosion originated from the inside is visible on the surface. Silver chloride corrosion is produced when silver objects are exposed to water, dissolved salts, and dissolved chloride ions when in a buried state. It changes objects into powder, making it difficult to preserve original shapes. The other silver artifacts found in the Jeongchon ancient tombs show similar signs of corrosion. The results of X-ray irradiation and a CT analysis showed that the sword had a ring at the end of the handle, a T-shaped hilt, and was probably connected to the handle end of a knife. If the shape of the mother sword can be inferred from the child swords, the mother sword had a ring pommel, decorations of the handle, covered with silver plate, and a gold ring and a silver line wound around the handle. It is assumed that the ring pommel was connected to the knife by welding because no holes were observed. The end decoration of the knife was made by using an iron plate formed into a shape, half covered by silk, and the other half decorated with silver plate and a gold ring. The sword with an undecorated ring pommel excavated from the ancient tombs of Jeongchon Village comprises the metals of gold, silver, and iron, and includes features of Baekje, Silla, and Gaya, which highlights the influence of surrounding historic sites and various cultures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.374-379
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• 1994

This paper deals with the problem of plate separation and anchorage at the ends of steel plates strengthened by EBSP. Test results show that the reinforced concrete beams strengthened by EBSP occurs the premature failure without the beams achieving their full flexural strength at the end of plates. The premature failure is the cause of stress concentrations in the adhesive layer of plate, reinforced concrete incase of lack of plate length. Then a simple, approximate procedure for predicting the shear and normal stress concentrations is investigated by Robert's the ory based on partial interaction theory. The theoretical results are compared, and show close agreement with test results. A method is derived for determining the plate length that prevents the premature anchorage zone failure