• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2019

Objectives We are going to analyze patient's medical and Korean medicine use trends after lumbar surgery, and examine the percentage of use of Korean medicine after surgery and its relevance to the medical care outcome after lumbar surgery. Methods Using 3% patients' sample data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, two groups were compared the treatment progress of the Korean Medicine treatment group and the untreated group after lumbar surgery by hierarchical logistic regression analysis. After hierarchical logistic regression analysis(including propensity scores), two groups were compared after lumbar surgery, the Korean Medicine treatment group within 50days and untreated group within 50days. Results Lumbar surgery was performed in 2750 patients in 2015. It was 3.72 that the risk(odds ratio) of finished treatment of patients treated without Korean Medicine, compared to patients with Korean Medicine. It was 0.12 that the risk of continuing treatment(odds ratio) of patients treated with Korean Medicine within 50 days, compared to patients treatment more than 50 days. Conclusions The ratio of Korean Medicine treatment after lumbar surgery was 14.8%. The group that did not have Korean Medicine showed a higher possibility of treatment termination than the group who did not. Among the groups treated with Korean Medicine, the early treatment group was more likely to end treatment than the late treatment group. Considering various situations in the medical environment, further studies such as prospective studies and long-term data analysis are considered to be necessary.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 공황장애 환자에 대한 인지행동치료의 효과에 영향을 미치는 환자 특성을 확인하기 위하여 다면적 인성검사를 사용하여 환자의 특성을 측정하고 이들 환자 특성 중 어떤 변인이 치료결과를 예측하는데 도움이 되는지를 알아보았다. 31명의 공황장애 환자를 대상으로 11주의 공황장애 인지행동치료 프로그램을 실시하였고, 치료전에 다면적 인성검사를 실시하였으며, 치료 전 후에 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory의 상태 불안 질문지(STAI-State), Agoraphobic Cognition Questionniaire(ACQ), Body Sensation Questionnaire(BSQ)의 질문지와 환자의 자기보고 등 5가지를 실시하여 치료 성과의 지표로 사용하였다. 최종상태 기능 (End-State Functioning) 에 따라 치료 결과가 좋은 집단(상위 최종상태 집단)과 치료 결과가 나쁜 집단(하위 최종상태 집단)을 구분하여 두 집단의 특성용 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 다면적 인성검사의 건강염려증 척도(Hs), 우울증 척도(D), 히스테리 척도(Hy), 강박증 척도(Pt), 정신분열증 척도(Sc), 그리고 타당도 척도인 F 척도에서 하위 최종상태 집단이 상위 최종상태 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높은 점수를 보였다. 하지만 이러한 차이는 치료 효과에 영향을 미치는 환자 변인이라고 하기보다는 단순히 환자가 가진 증상의 심한 정도를 반영하는 것으로 보인다. 2) 치료 전에 실시한 다섯 가지 평가 지표에서 기본적으로 하위 최종상태 집단이 상위 최종상태 집단보다 증상의 정도가 심했지만, 두 집단 모두 치료를 통하여 비슷한 수준의 치료적 변화를 보인 결과는 1)의 해석을 지지해준다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 다면적 인성검사는 인지행동 치료 결과에 영향을 미치는 환자의 특성을 파악하는데는 효과적이지 못한 방법으로 생각되며, 추후 연구에서는 보다 직접적으로 성격 특성을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 사용하여 환자 변인을 찾아 볼 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.427-434
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• 1994

A clinical study was designed to evaluate myocardial metabolism during continuous cold blood cardioplegia [Group A, n=10] in comparison with continuous warm blood cardioplegia [Group B, n=10], in a prospective randomized manner. Myocardial metabolism was assessed in two ways: either by collecting blood from coronary sinus before and after cardiopulmonary bypass or by collecting blood from cardioplegic affluent and effluent simultaneously at the beginning and at the end of cardioplegia. The former samples were assayed for gas analysis, lactic acid and cardiac enzyme [CK, LDH, SGOT] and the latter for gas analysis and lactic acid as a maker of anaerobic metabolism. The results were as follows. 1] Myocardial metabolism was shown to be continued in the state of cardioplegia at lower temperature as evidenced by high oxygen extraction of cardioplegic solution in Group A. 2] Anaerobic metabolism occurring at lower temperature in spite of continuous cold blood cardioplegia can be significantly reduced by continuous perfusion of normothermic blood cardioplegics as evidenced by significant reduction of lactate production in Group B [p〈0.05]. 3] Better myocardial protection can be achieved by employing continuous warm blood cardioplegia as evidenced by less cardiac enzyme release in Group B after cardiopulmonary bypass.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2019

Background: Although magnetic resonance imaging is accurate, it is expensive to measure the movement of temporomandibular joint. The three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system is an inexpensive measurement tool. Objects: This study examined the reliability of quantifying the mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift and differences between individuals with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) using the hygienic method of surface markers on the skin with 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis. Methods: This study included 24 subjects (12 with and 12 without TMD). Temporomandibular joint motion during mouth opening was recorded using two surface markers with 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis. An intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC (3,k)] was used to confirm the intrarater reliability of quantifying kinematic temporomandibular joint motion, and an independent t-test was used to evaluate differences in maximal mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift between the two groups. Results: Assessment of mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift showed excellent test-retest reliability with low standard error of measurement. The lateral mandibular shift and opening-lateral mandibular shift ratio were significantly increased in the TMD group during maximum mouth opening (p<.05). However, no significant difference in maximal mouth opening was observed between the groups with and without TMD (p>.05). Conclusion: This hygienic and simple surface marker method can be used to quantify the mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift at the end-range of mouth opening. The TMD group showed an increased lateral mandibular shift movement at the end-range of mouth opening. The lateral mandibular shift movement can be regarded as a symptom in the diagnosis and treatment of TMD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2007

배경: 종양 발생기전에 있어서 세포자멸사가 중요한 역할을 한다. 조직 내의 세포자멸사 측정은 TUNEL (terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end lagbelling), ISEL (in situ nick end labelling) 등의 방법을 쓰지만, 반응 세포의 비특이성 및 결과 판독의 주관성 등이 논란의 대상이 되어왔다. 최근 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있는 단클론항체 M30이 소개되어, 인체 조직의 대장암, 가슴 샘종, 유방암, 자궁내막암 등에서 M30 면역염색을 이용한 세포자멸사 연구가 있었으나 폐암에 대한 연구는 없었다. 저자들은 비소세포 폐암에서 M30 면역염색에 의해 발현되는 세포자멸사 양상이 세포주기 핵심조절자인 p53 면역염색 발현양상 및 임상양상과 갖는 연관성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 비소세포 폐암으로 근치적 절제수술을 받은 환자 45명을 대상으로 하였다. M30과 P53 면역조직화학염색에 실시하여 각 항체의 발현양상과 임상 병리학적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 술 후 생존기간과 무병 생존기간을 구하였고, 단변량 분석을 실시하여 생존기간에 영향을 미치는 인자를 알아보았다. 다변량 분석을 실시하여 M30과 p53 발현양상이 술 후 사망위험도 및 재발위험도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 결과: M30 양성세포 수는 p53 양성군이 p53 음성군보다 유의하게 많았고(p53 양성군 $61.7{\pm}26.8$개 vs. p53 음성군 $45.6{\pm}29.6$개, p=0.005), 세포사멸사 지수가 1 이상(Apoptosis Index, $Al{\ge}1$)인 환자 수도 p53 양성군에서 유의하게 많았다(p53 양성군 52.4% (l1/21) vs. p53 음성군 16.7% (4/24), p=0.025). 단변량 분석에서는 흡연량, 활동도(Performance Status, PS), 그리고 AI가 술 후 생존기간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 다변량 분석에서는 AI가 높은 군에서 수술 후 암사망 위험도(Relative risk, R.R 7.482; 95% Confidence Interval, CI $1.886{\sim}29.678$; p=0.004)와 재발 위험도(R.R 3.795; 95% CI $1.184{\sim}12.158$; p=0.025)가 유의하게 증가하였다. p53 발현양상은 수술 후 생존기간과 암사망 위험도 및 재발 위험도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론: 이상의 연구에서 단클론 항체 M30을 이용한 면역조직화학염색이 비소세포 폐암의 세포자멸사를 관찰하는 데 매우 유용한 방법임을 확인하였으며, 환자의 예후를 예측하는 데에도 도움이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effect of pelvic tiltng according to the paralytic side on gait in stroke patients during a 10 m functional movement timed up and go (TUG) test. Method: In this study, gait parameters were measured using a gait analyzer for 20 stroke patients and their gait was analyzed during a 10 m TUG test. For statistical analysis, an independent sample t-test were performed for age, height, and weight among general characteristics of subjects and homogeneity was tested by performing a chi-square test for gender, paralysis side, period of onset, and K-MMSE score. In order to understand the relationship between each variable, Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the variables. Results: First, the right-hand paralyzed group showed correlations in cadence and gait velocity in the up and down tilt of the pelvis, and the left-hand paralyzed group showed correlations in cadence and step length in the anterior and posterior tilt of the pelvis. Second, the tilt of the pelvis was correlated with the Sit to stand, walk forward, walk backwards, turn around at the end point, sit on a chair and the total TUG time in the right hemiplegic group compared to the left hemiplegic group. Conclusion: In this study, a significant correlation was confirmed as a result of gait analysis of right-handed stroke patients divided into a right paraplegic group and a left paraplegic group. In the future, it is suggested that treatment for improving gait of stroke patients should be treated differently for the right and left paralyzed side.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.84-98
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of recruiting women into a clinical trial designed to examine the effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in treating overactive bladder (OAB) in menopause women. We tried to determine if there was preliminary evidence to suggest that acupuncture may be effective in reducing OAB symptoms and improving disease-specific quality of life. We also tried to determine the appropriate treatment duration of OAB, with safety of performing acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatment. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. 7 menopause women were randomly assigned to a electroacupuncture group (EA group) (n=4) or acupuncture group (AC group) (n=3) and received electroacupuncture or acupuncture treatment twice a week (16 sessions) in 8 weeks, and follow up assessment was performed after the end of treatment. Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), 3-day bladder diary, and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were performed 4 times (at baseline (visit 0), the middle of treatment (visit 8), after the end of treatment (visit 16), and at 4 weeks of follow-up (visit 17)) and analyzed. 2 subjects were dropped out, and finally 5 subjects completed the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 for window program. Results: There was an significant improvement in night-time frequency after the treatment (visit 17) in PP (Per-protocol) group analysis (p=0.042). In additional ITT (Inter-to-treat) group analysis, the OABSS (p=0.042) and night-time frequency (p=p=0.017) were improved significantly after the treatment (visit 17). But there was no significant difference of KHQ before and after the treatment. Also there was no significant difference between EA and AC group after the treatment (visit 16, 17). Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggested that it was feasible to recruit subjects and perform the study procedures, after reconstructing several details of study protocol in performing further clinical trial.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제71권
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• pp.194-223
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• 2015

이 연구는 TV 프로그램 시청 선택 행위에 영향을 미치는 가치 단계 요인을 분석(속성, 기능적 혜택, 심리적 혜택, 시청 가치), 시청자의 어떠한 욕구가 시청 행위와 관계를 가지는지 '가치단계도(HVM, Hierarchical Value Map)'를 밝히는 데에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 '수단-목적 사슬 이론(Means-end chain theory)'를 적용, 개인적 가치와 시청 행위 간의 인과관계를 측정하였다. 특히 다매체 시대에 태어나 다양한 시청권 활용에 비교적 능숙한 우리나라 20대 대학생들의 TV 시청 행위 가치단계도를 조사하여, 미래 미디어 환경에서 TV의 역할을 조망해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 이 연구는 APT 래더링을 활용한 구조화된 설문지를 통하여 251명의 자료를 분석하여 TV 장르별(뉴스, 드라마, 코미디) 프로그램 선택의 속성, 기능적 혜택, 심리적 혜택, 시청 가치에 이르는 수단-목적 가치 사슬 구조를 파악하였다. 연구결과, TV 뉴스는 시청각 요소를 통해 빠르고 쉽게 정보를 습득하여 실생활에 도움을 얻는 데에 활용되고 있었고, 개인적 사회생활을 원활히 하는 데에 기여하고 있었다. TV 드라마 선택은 '주변인'의 영향이 크게 작용하였으며, 이들과의 상호작용이 중요한 선택 목적이었다. 프로그램의 사회적 명성과 인기가 중요한 요인이었으며, 채널의 신뢰도, 제작사의 브랜드가 드라마 선택의 요인으로 나타났다. 코미디 프로그램에서는 출연진, 제작진과 프로그램 자체의 명성이 선택의 주요 요인이었다. 시청자들의 프로그램 선택 요인에는 프로그램 신뢰감이 선택의 중요 기본 요인이며, 시청 가치는 타인과 우호 관계 증진, 소속감, 활기찬 삶이 심리적인 속성과 상관관계를 가졌다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.100-114
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the effects of rapidly-rotating shift work of two-day interval on fatigue level and the concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+,\;Cl^-$. The subjects were 20 nursing college students(control group) and 15 nurses in a university hospital and the study was done from Apr. 21 to May 4th, 1999. In the test group, each 5 nurses were allocated to day shift(8 AM-4 PM), evening shift(4 PM-12 MN) and night shift(12 MN-8 AM) respectively. The fatigue level were measured 30 minutes after work start on the 2nd day of work shift. Urine specimens were collected at 8 AM, 4 PM and 12 MN on the 2nd day of work shift in the control group and 30 minutes before and after work on the 2nd day of work shift in the test group. The data were analyzed with SPSS(for Window, ver 7.5). Statistical analysis was performed by using t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. The perceived fatigue level in shift work 1) The physical and mental fatigue level were significantly higher in night shift than that in day or evening shift(p<0.05). In the neuro-sensory fatigue level, night shift showed higher tendency than that in day or evening shift, but there were no significant differences between each shifts. 2) Comparison between the control group and the test group: Physical fatigue level was significantly higher in night shift than that in day or evening shift of the control group(P<.001). Mental fatigue level was significantly higher in day or night shift than that in evening shift of the control group(P<.05). In the neuro-sensory fatigue level, test group showed higher tendency than that in the control group, but there were no significant differences between two groups. 3) The total fatigue level was higher in night shift than that in day shift or evening shift(P<.05). In comparing with the control group, night shift and day shift showed higher total fatigue level than that in the control group(p<0.05). 2. The concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ In the control group, urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ showed higher level in afternoon that in morning and night. In the test group, cr in day and evening shift and $Na^+$ in evening shift showed higher level at the end of work. The 17-KS concentration at the begining and the end of work in three shift groups were lower than those in control group(p<0.05), however, $Cl^-$ concentration at the begining of work in day shift, and the end of work in day and evening shift were higher than those in control group(p<0.05). $Cl^-$ concentration at the begining and end of work in night shift were considerably higher than those in control group repectively(p<0.1, p<001). $Na^+$ concentration showed a higher tendency in three shift groups except at the begining of work in night shift, but there were no statistical difference. In comparing concentration of the 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ among the shift groups, 17-KS concentration showed a lower tendency and $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ showed a higher tendency in night shift: The result of this study showes that biorhythm of shift work nurse was irregular. Fatigue level as the subjective index for evaluating the health problem concerning shift work was higher in night shift and proved to be in accordance with the concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ used as objective indices. Disturbation of biorhythm and work stress due to night shift seems to cause the health problem of nurses and decrease of work efficiency. It is considered that work regualtion is necessary for the rational management of the nursing administration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.11
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)-based voxel size on the analysis of material/dentin interface voids and thickness of different endodontic cements. Materials and Methods: Following root-end resection and apical preparation, maxillary premolars were filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and intermediate restorative material (IRM) (n = 24). The samples were scanned using micro-CT (SkyScan 1272; Bruker) and the cement/dentin interface and thickness of materials were evaluated at voxel sizes of 5, 10, and 20 ㎛. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test were conducted, and the degree of agreement between different voxel sizes was evaluated using the Bland and Altman method (p < 0.05). Results: All materials showed an increase in thickness from 5 to 10 and 20 ㎛ (p < 0.05). When evaluating the interface voids, materials were similar at 5 ㎛ (p > 0.05), while at 10 and 20 ㎛ Biodentine showed the lowest percentage of voids (p < 0.05). A decrease in the interface voids was observed for MTA and IRM at 20 ㎛, while Biodentine showed differences among all voxel sizes (p < 0.05). The Bland-Altman plots for comparisons among voxel sizes showed the largest deviations when comparing images between 5 and 20 ㎛. Conclusions: Voxel size had an impact on the micro-CT evaluation of thickness and interface voids of endodontic materials. All cements exhibited an increase in thickness and a decrease in the void percentage as the voxel size increased, especially when evaluating images at 20 ㎛.