• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.413-418
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• 2019

Attacks on existing sensor networks include sniffing, flooding, and spoofing attacks. The basic countermeasures include encryption and authentication methods and switching methods. Wormhole attack, HELLO flood attack, Sybil attack, sinkhole attack, and selective delivery attack are the attacks on the network layer in wireless sensor network (WSN). These attacks may not be defended by the basic countmeasures mentioned above. In this paper, new countermeasures against these attacks include periodic key changes and regular network monitoring. Moreover, we present various threats (attacks) in the network layer of wireless sensor networks and new countermeasures accordingly.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.3280-3298
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• 2019

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have become increasingly significant in intelligent transportation systems, they play a great role in improving traffic safety and efficiency. In the deployment of intelligent VANETs, intelligent vehicles can efficiently exchange important or urgent traffic information and make driving decisions. Meanwhile, secure data communication and vehicle's identity privacy have been highlighted. To cope with these security issues, in this paper, we construct an efficient anonymous authentication scheme with secure communication in intelligent VANETs. Combing the ElGamal encryption technique with a modified Schnorr signature technique, the proposed scheme provides secure anonymous authentication process for encrypted message in the vehicle-to-infrastructure communication model, and achieves identity privacy, forward security, and reply attack resistance simultaneously. Moreover, except the trusted authority (TA), any outside entity cannot trace the real identity of an intelligent vehicle. The proposed scheme is designed on an identity-based system, which can remove the costs of establishing public key infrastructure (PKI) and certificates management. Compared with existing authentication schemes, the proposed scheme is much more practical in intelligent VANETs.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.435-451
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• 2019

Impossible differential cryptanalysis is an essential cryptanalytic technique and its key point is whether there is an impossible differential path. The main factor of influencing impossible differential cryptanalysis is the length of the rounds of the impossible differential trail because the attack will be more close to the real encryption algorithm with the number becoming longer. We provide the upper bound of the longest impossible differential trails of several important block ciphers. We first analyse the national standard of the Russian Federation in 2015, Kuznyechik, which utilizes the 16-byte LFSR to achieve the linear transformation. We conclude that there is no any 3-round impossible differential trail of the Kuznyechik without the consideration of the specific S-boxes. Then we ascertain the longest impossible differential paths of several other important block ciphers by using the matrix method which can be extended to many other block ciphers. As a result, we show that, unless considering the details of the S-boxes, there is no any more than or equal to 5-round, 7-round and 9-round impossible differential paths for KLEIN, Midori64 and MIBS respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.221-223
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• 2014

Power analysis attack on cryptographic hardware device aims to study the power consumption while performing operations using secrets keys. Power analysis is a form of side channel attack which allow an attacker to compute the key encryption from algorithm using Simple Power Analysis (SPA), Differential Power Analysis (DPA) or Correlation Power Analysis (CPA). The theoretical weaknesses in algorithms or leaked informations from physical implementation of a cryptosystem are usually used to break the system. This paper describes how power analysis work and we provide an overview of countermeasures against power analysis attacks.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2008

The development of next-generation resident registration cards, financial IC cards and administrative agency IC cards based on a smart card is currently coming out in Korea. However, the low-price IC cards without countermeasures against side channel analysis attacks are expected to be used fer cost reduction. This paper has investigated the side channel resistance of financial IC cards that are currently in use and have performed DPA attacks on the financial IC cards. We have been able to perform successful DPA attacks on these cards by using only 100 power measurement traces. From our experiment results, we have been able to extract the master key used for encryption of a count PIN number.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.85-96
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• 2001

This paper describes saturation attacks on reduced-round versions of SKIPJACK. To begin with, we will show how to construct a 16-round distinguisher which distinguishes 16 rounds of SKIPJACK from a random permutation. The distinguisher is used to attack on 18(5~22) and 23(5~27) rounds of SKIPJACK. We can also construct a 20-around distinguisher based on the 16-round distinguisher. This distinguisher is used to attack on 22(1~22) and 27(1~27) rounds of SKIPJACK. The 80-bit user key of 27 rounds of SKIPJACK can be recovered with $2^{50}$ chosen plaintexts and 3\cdot 2^{75}$ encryption times.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.71-80
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• 2005

In the near future, various aplications on the Internet will be based on the multicast group communication, so that the efficient group key management is essential for managing the frequent group join and leave events. In this paper, we propose several batch rekeying schemes extended from conventional individual rekeying schemes, and analyze the efficiencies of them in terms of both the number of encryption and one-way hash function as well as multicast message size. Considering multiple member leaves, a probabilistic approach is need to compute the average computational amounts for rekeying.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2021

Clinical photography is an essential component of patient care in plastic surgery. The use of unsecured smartphone cameras, digital cameras, social media, instant messaging, and commercially available cloud-based storage devices threatens patients' data safety. This paper Identifies potential risks of clinical photography and heightens awareness of safe clinical photography. Specifically, we evaluated existing risk-mitigation strategies globally, comparing them to industry standards in similar settings, and formulated a framework for developing a risk-mitigation plan for avoiding data breaches by identifying the safest methods of picture taking, transfer to storage, retrieval, and use, both within and outside the organization. Since threats evolve constantly, the framework must evolve too. Based on a literature search of both PubMed and the web (via Google) with key phrases and child terms (for PubMed), the risks and consequences of data breaches in individual processes in clinical photography are identified. Current clinical-photography practices are described. Lastly, we evaluate current risk mitigation strategies for clinical photography by examining guidelines from professional organizations, governmental agencies, and non-healthcare industries. Combining lessons learned from the steps above into a comprehensive framework that could contribute to national/international guidelines on safe clinical photography, we provide recommendations for best practice guidelines. It is imperative that best practice guidelines for the simple, safe, and secure capture, transfer, storage, and retrieval of clinical photographs be co-developed through cooperative efforts between providers, hospital administrators, clinical informaticians, IT governance structures, and national professional organizations. This would significantly safeguard patient data security and provide the privacy that patients deserve and expect.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2023

CBDC has characteristics similar to e-payments in which all records are kept by logs, so it is difficult to satisfy the anonymity level of cash. Therefore, in this study, the CBDC model that encrypts all transaction contents using the Diffie-Hellman key sharing algorithm was presented to enhance anonymity. The proposed model provides unlinkability anduntraceability. In addition, a CBDC certificate that uses pseudonym is used. Through this certificate, illegal transactions that require tracking can be tracked later by authorized institutions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.685-703
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• 2024

Cloud computing provides each consumer with a large-scale computing tool. Different Cyber Attacks can potentially target cloud computing systems, as most cloud computing systems offer services to many people who are not known to be trustworthy. Therefore, to protect that Virtual Machine from threats, a cloud computing system must incorporate some security monitoring framework. There is a tradeoff between the security level of the security system and the performance of the system in this scenario. If strong security is needed, then the service of stronger security using more rules or patterns is provided, since it needs much more computing resources. A new way of security system is introduced in this work in cloud environments to the VM on account of resources allocated to customers are ease. The main spike of Fog computing is part of the cloud server's work in the ongoing study tells the step-by-step cloud server to change the tremendous measurement of information because the endeavor apps are relocated to the cloud to keep the framework cost. The cloud server is devouring and changing a huge measure of information step by step to reduce complications. The Medical Data Health-Care (MDHC) records are stored in Cloud datacenters and Fog layer based on the guard intensity and the key is provoked for ingress the file. The monitoring center sustains the Activity Log, Risk Table, and Health Records. Cloud computing and Fog computing were combined in this paper to review data movement and safe information about MDHC.