• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2002

Experiments have been conducted to investigate the effects of emulsified fuels on the spray characteristics and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine. Four different fuels were examined : diesel, emulsified fuels with water contents which were varied with 13, 15, and l7wt%. Characteristics of fuel spray were measured by an optical method, PLLIF(planar liquid laser induced fluorescence). Compared to diesel fuel, emulsified fuels which had relatively high kinematic viscosity showed smaller spray angle and longer spray tip penetration. The qualitative droplet distributions of emulsified fuels showed worse atomization process than that of diesel fuel. As the water contents were increased, PM and NOx could be reduced simultaneously. It was specially noted that the emulsified fuel with l7wt% water content was found to be the best in reducing rates, NOx 30% and PM 40%.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.931-936
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• 2000

An experimental study has been carried out of the combustion behavior of single fuel droplets of water-in-light oil emulsions in an electric furnace to elucidate the dominant factor for the occurrence of micro-explosions. The tests were carried out by changing the following four parameters; the size of water droplets in the emulsified fuels having the same water content, the ratio of water to light oil, ambient temperature in electric furnace, and the kind of fuel having different viscosity(Kerosene, Olive Oil). The result shows that the each parameter plays the different role in the effect on behavior of vaporization, explosion, ignition and combustion for single droplets of water-in-oil Emulsified fuels.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1722-1728
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• 2002

Most researches regarding emulsified fuel were in the areas of emulsifier, emulsified fuel manufacturing and emulsified fuel droplet combustion, but there were little papers published regarding emulsified fuel combustion and boiler efficiency in an industrial boiler. The main purpose of this study is to clarify whether improvements in the boiler efficiency and the reduction of pollutants such as CO, NOx, SOx and smoke exist or not when emulsified fuels are combusted in the commercial boiler. Main experimental parameters were water content in heavy oil , excess $O_2$, and boiler load. The fuels used in this experiment were 0.5 B-C, and 5 kinds of 0.5 B-C/water emulsified fuels. The combustion characteristics of heavy oil and its emulsions with water were investigated in an industrial boiler. The combustion stability was monitored and exhaust gases such as CO, NOx, SOx and smoke were measured with excess $O_2$ and combustion load. In case of emulsified fuel combustion, flame stability was poor and boiler efficiency was lowered by 1.6~5.7%, but emission levels of CO and smoke were improved.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.492-499
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• 2014

The objectives of this study was to examine experimentally the microexplosion phenomena of single droplet W/O(water-in-oil) type emulsified fuel. Also, measured the combustion characteristics of single droplet emulsified fuel for microexplosion phenomena in atmospheric pressure condition. The larger quantity of adding water makes microexplosion phenomenon with higher intensity of sound level, because larger water droplet has better coalescence for emulsified fuel. The small quantity of adding water makes puffing with lower sound level intensity. In latter period of extinction, large size droplet of the emulsified fuel breaks down rapidly to small size droplet, and microexplosion phenomenon occurs with multi step combustion.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2000

An experimental study has been carried on single fuel droplets of water-in-light oil emulsions in an electric furnace to elucidate the dominant factor for the occurrence of micro-explosions. The tests were carried out by changing the following four parameters; the surfactant, the ratio of water to light oil, ambient temperature in electric furnace, and four kinds of fuels having different viscosity(light-oil, kerosene, iso-octane, bunker fuel). The result shows that micro-explosion phenomena is dominated without surfactant and below 30% of water content. Explosion-time is affected by ambient temperature and viscosity of used fuel.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2003

This study was carried on the combustion characteristics of a pure light oil and emulsified fuels at high-pressure injection in a spray combustion installation, The volume fractions of water in an emulsion were varied up to 30% and the injection pressures were 7.5, 100, 200, and $300kg_f/cm^2$. The concentrations of NOx and the average temperatures of flame were measured. And Images of OH radical using ICCD camera and instantaneous schlieren photography of flames were photographed. It was found that the temperature distribution of axial distance in the emulsified fuels was increased in the upstream and decreased in the down stream. The temperature distribution of radial distance was high at the peripheral regions of the spray in the upstream and at the central regions of spray in the downstream, The intensity of OH radical was denser at the water content 10% than at the pure light oil over the injection pressure $200kg_f/cm^2$.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2015

A compression ignition type of diesel engine makes fuel efficiency better and $CO_2$ in the exhaust gas lower. Also it is suitable to apply alternative fuels(blended fuel) to the engine. The objective of this study is the emissions reduction of diesel engine with EF(Emulsified fuel). The emulsified fuel consists of diesel and peroxide($H_2O_2$) and Soot reduction without worsening of NOx emissions can be achieved by using thermal decomposition of the peroxide, i.e. the chemical effect of the OH radical in actual engine. For manufacturing emulsified fuel, a surfactant which is comprised of span 80 and tween 80 mixed as 9:1, was mixed with a fixed with 3% of the total volume in the emulsion fuel. In addition, considering the mixing ratio of the surfactant, the mixing ratio of $H_2O_2$ in the emulsified fuel was set as EF0, EF2, EF12, EF22, EF32, and EF42, respectively. Consequently, this study aims to obtain the optimization of fuel design(mixing) for the emulsified fuel applying to the diesel engine.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2010

디젤기관에 있어서 PM과 NO의 동시저감을 위한 에멀전연료의 적용은 급속도로 발전되어져왔다. 하지만, C중유 에멀젼연료의 연소계측 해석은 다른 연료에 비하여 복잡한 연소형태 때문에 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 높은 압력과 온도의 정적연소실에서 에멀젼 C중유를 분사 연소시켜, 연소해석에 대한 실질적인 근거를 제시한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.3054-3062
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• 1995

Recently, the improvement of fuel economy and the reduction of exhaust smoke and NOx have been successfully achieved by supplying diesel engines with emulsified diesel oil with water particles. In the present paper, the difference between the combustion of injected emulsified fuel and that of diesel oil spray is clarified by means of taking high-speed and color photographs of the flames in the engine cylinder. As the results, the two kinds of fuels show different combustion behavior each other in the growth of initial flame and in the termination of combustion process in the cylinder. Then, suitable combustion chamber design for the use of emulsified fuel is discussed on the basis of experimental data for various distribution of spray in different kinds of piston cavities. Some methods of clearing troubles caused by emulsified fuel injection are also discussed on the basis of performance tests with a remodeling test engine.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2015

본 연구는 대체혼합연료의 디젤엔진 적용 적합성 검토를 목적으로 수행되었다. 실험연료로서 디젤과 과산화수소의 혼합연료인 에멀젼연료를 사용하였고, 실험과 수치해석의 주요변수로서 경유와 과산화수소 혼합비를 선택하였다. 에멀젼연료의 증발거동 특성은 슐리렌 방법을 이용한 실험과 실험에서 구한 결과를 바탕으로 상용 프로그램(ANSYS CFX)을 이용한 수치해석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과로서 과산화수소의 혼합비가 증가할수록 에멀젼연료의 증발특성인 미세폭발 현상이 활발해짐을 확인하였고, 또한 수치해석으로 디젤연료 계산영역 내부 디젤의 체적분율 계산을 통하여 에멀젼연료의 증발현상을 정량적으로 모사 가능하였다.