• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.516-519
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• 2000

암모니아와 황화수소를 동시 제거하기 위한 biofilter가 연구되었다. 암모니아 제거의 경우 공탑속도 30초에서 유입 암모니아 농도 80 ppmv까지 100 %의 제거율을 달성하였다. 암모니아와 황화수소의 동시 제거의 경우 공탑속도 30초에서 유입 황화수소 농도 40 ppmv와 암모니아 농도 80 ppmv가 제거율 100 %로 처리되었고 이 경우 pH의 변화가 암모니아의 산화에 매우 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.93-94
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• 2001

80여일 운전 후 수분함량은 상부 (53%) 보다 하부 (66%) 가 다소 높게 나왔다. 34 일의 적응기가 나타났으며 34일 경과 후 VOC의 분해율은 90% 에 이르렀다. 총 세균수 측정 결과, 37일 운전 후 총개체수는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 $1.08{\times}10^8$ cells/g 로 최고치를 기록하였다. 9가지 휘발성 유기화합물의 성분별 제거는 isoprene($95{\sim}99%$)과 m-xylene (93%)의 제거율이 가장 높았으며, chloroform (62%)이 가장 낮은 제거율을 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2008

Simultaneous removal of $NH_3,\;H_2S$ and toluene in a contaminated air stream was investigated over 185 days in a biofilter packed with Zeocarbon granule as microbial support. In this study, multi-microorganisms including Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter for nitrogen removal, Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645) for $H_2S$ removal, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15692), Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 17484) and Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 23973) for toluene removal were used simultaneously. The empty bed residence time (EBRT) was 40-120 seconds and the feed (inlet) concentrations of $NH_3,\;H_2S$ and toluene were 0.02-0.11, 0.05-0.23 and 0.15-0.21 ppmv, respectively. The observed removal efficiency was 85%-99% for $NH_3$, 100% for $H_2S$, and 20-90% for toluene, respectively. The maximum elimination capacities were 9.3, 20.6 and $17g/m^3/hr\;for\;NH_3,\;H_2S$ and toluene, respectively. The results of kinetic model analysis showed that there were no particular evidences of interactions or inhibitions among the microorganisms, and that the three bio degradation reactions took place independently within a finite area of biofilm developed on the surface of the Zeocarbon carrier.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

바이오필터의 담체는 유입되는 악취를 제거할 수 있는 미생물이 서식하는 공간이다. 생물학적 악취제거에 있어서, 담체의 특성은 매우 다양하며 그 성상과 특징은 매우 중요하며 비표면적이 크고 균일한 공극을 갖는 담체의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 코코넛 섬유상 담체, 세라믹 담체, 폴리우레탄 담체를 이용한 생물학적 황화수소 제거능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 섬유상 코코넛담체는 나머지 두 개의 담체 보다 유입부하 변동과 수분 보유능 평가에서 안정적이고 높은 처리효율을 나타내었다. 그러나 수명이 짧은 단점이 있어 이를 보완하기 위해 폴리프로필렌 재질의 섬유상 담체를 제작하였고 이 담체의 황화수소 제거능을 평가한 결과, 3 이하의 낮은 pH와 6 초의 짧은 EBRT에서도 99% 이상의 높은 처리효율을 나타내었다. 따라서, 이러한 물리적 특성 때문에 황화수소의 제거에 폴리프로필렌 섬유상 담체를 이용하여 현장에 적용할 경우 효과적인 처리를 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.513-525
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• 2006

In recent decades, biofiltration has been widely accepted for the treatment of contaminated air stream containing low concentration of odorous compounds or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, conventional biofilters packed with flexible synthetic polyurethane (PU) foam carriers were operated to remove toluene from a contaminated air stream. PU foams containing various amounts of pulverized activated carbon (PAC) were synthesized for the biofilter media and tested for toluene removal. Four biofilter columns were operated for 60 days to remove gaseous toluene from a contaminated air stream. During the biofiltration experiment, inlet toluene concentration was in the range of 0-150 ppm and EBRT (i.e., empty bed residence time) was kept at 26-42 seconds. Pressure drop of the biofilter bed was less than 3 mm $H_2O/m$ filter bed. The maximum removal capacity of toluene in the biofilters packed with PU-PAC foam was in the order of column II (PAC=7.08%) > column III (PAC=8.97%) > column I (PAC=4.95%) > column IV (PAC=13.52%), while the complete removal capacity was in the order of column II > column I > column III > column IV. The better biofiltration performance in column II was attributed to higher porosity providing favorable conditions for microbial growth. The results of biodegradation kinetic analysis showed that PU-PAC foam with 7.08% of PAC content had higher maximum removal rate ($V_m$=14.99 g toluene/kg dry material/day) than the other PU-PAC foams. In overall, the performance of biofiltration might be affected by the structure and physicochemical properties of PU foam induced by PAC content.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

Simultaneous removal of ternary gases of $NH_3$, $H_2S$ and toluene in a contaminated air stream was investigated over 180 days in a biofilter. A commercially available inorganic/polymeric composite chip with a large void volume (bed porosity > 0.80) was used as a microbial support. Multiple microorganisms including Nitrosomonas and Nitrobactor for nitrogen removal, Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645) for $H_2S$ removal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15692), Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 17484) and Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 23973) for toluene removal were used simultaneously. The empty bed residence time (EBRT) ranged from 60 - 120 seconds and the inlet feed concentration was $0.0325\;g/m^3-0.0651\;g/m^3$ for $NH_3$, $0.0636\;g/m^3-0.141\;g/m^3$ for $H_2S$, and $0.0918\;g/m^3-0.383\;g/m^3$ for toluene, respectively. The observed removal efficiency was 2% - 98% for $NH_3$, 2% - 100% for $H^2S$, and 2% - 80% for toluene, respectively. Maximum elimination capacity was about $2.7\;g/m^3$/hr for $NH_3$, > $6.4\;g/m^3$/hr for $H_2S$ and $4.0\;g/m^3$/hr for toluene, respectively. The inorganic/polymeric composite carrier required 40 - 80 days of wetting time for biofilm formation due to the hydrophobic nature of the carrier. Once the surface of the carrier was completely wetted, the microbial activity became stable. During the long-term operation, pressure drop was negligible because the void volume of the carrier was two times higher than the conventional packing materials.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

In this study, conventional biofilters packed with flexible synthetic polyurethane (PU) foam carriers were operated to remove toluene from a contaminated air stream. PU foams containing various adsorbents (e.g., zeolite, sepiolite, dolomite and barite) were synthesized for the biofilter media and their adsorption characteristics of toluene were determined. Adsorption capacity of PU-adsorbent foam was in the order of PU-dolomite ${\approx}$ PU-zeolite > PU-sepiolite > PU-barite. During the biofiltration experiment, influent toluene concentration was in the range of 0-160 ppm and EBRT (i.e., empty bed residence time) was 45 seconds. Pressure drop of the biofilter bed was 4-5 mm $H_2O/m$ column height. The maximum removal capacity was in the order of PU-dolomite > PU-zeolite > PU-sepiolite > PU-barite, while the complete removal capacity was in the order of PU-dolomite > PU-sepiolite > PU-zeolite > PU-barite. The better biofiltration performance in PU-dolomite foam was because PU-dolomite foam had lower density and higher porosity than the others providing favorable conditions for microbial growth. The results of biodegradation kinetic analysis showed that PU-dolomite foam had higher maximum removal rate ($V_m\;=\;11.04\;g$ toluene/kg dry material/day) and saturation constant ($K_s\;=\;26.57\;ppm$) than the other PU foams. This supports that PU-dolomite foam was better than the others for biofilteration of toluene.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2005

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an environmental contaminant provoking genetic mutation and damages to liver and central nerve system even at low concentrations. A practical scheme is reported using toluene as a primary substrate to revitalize the biofilter column for an extended period of TCE degradation. The rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation by Pseudomonas putida F1 at $25^{\circ}C$ decreased exponentially with time, without toluene feeding to a biofilter column ($11\;cm\;I.D.{\times}95\;cm$ height). The rate of decrease was 2.5 times faster at a TCE concentration of $970\;{\mu}g/L$ compared to a TCE concentration of $110\;{\mu}g/L$. The TCE itself was not toxic to the cells, but the metabolic intermediates of the TCE degradation were apparently responsible for the decrease in the TCE degradation rate. A short-term (2 h) supply of toluene ($2,200\;{\mu}g/L$) at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 6.4 min recovered the relative column activity by $43\%$ when the TCE removal efficiency at the time of toluene feeding was $58\%$. The recovery of the TCE removal efficiency increased at higher incoming toluene concentrations and longer toluene supply durations according to the Monod type of kinetic expressions. A longer duration ($1.4{\sim}2.4$ times) of toluene supply increased the recovery of the TCE removal efficiency by $20\%$ for the same toluene load.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 제올라이트/폴리에틸렌 복합 담체를 충진한 biotrickling filter에서 톨루엔 제거특성을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에 사용된 메디아의 물리적 특성을 살펴본 결과 비표면적과 공극율이 각각 $500\;m^2/m^3$, 82%로 나타났으며, 특히 미생물 부착과 생물막 형성에 영향을 주는 표면거칠기는 첨가된 제올라이트에 의해 담체표면이 상당히 거칠어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 담체를 충진한 biotrickling filter 장치에서 톨루엔의 제거효율은 유입농도와 처리유량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 톨루엔의 최대 제거용량은 $64\;g/m^3{\cdot}hr$를 보였다. 또한 200일 동안의 연속실험결과, 미생물 순응이 완료된 뒤부터 167일까지 $90{\sim}98%$의 제거효율을 보였으며, 이후 과잉 미생물의 중식으로 인한 압력손실의 증가로 시간에 따라 제거효율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 역세척 후 압력강하와 톨루엔 제거능은 신속히 회복되어 정상상태를 유지하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 플라스틱과 Woodchip을 주원료로 하여 복합플라스틱계 담체를 개발하고 성능평가를 실시하였다. 개발담체는 기존상용화 담체에 비하여 처리효율 및 미생물 부착성 등은 유사하였으나, 경제적인 측면에서 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 담체의 성능평가는 Lab scale의 바이오트리클링필터에 개발담체를 충진하여 톨루엔과 황화수소를 대상으로 제거효율 및 운전인자 등을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 톨루엔 제거효율은 가스유입량 $1.5\;m^3/hr$, 유입농도 260ppm, 공탑체류시간 42s 운전조건에서 90% 이상으로 높게 나타내었으며, 톨루엔 최대제거능은 $77\;g/m^3{\cdot}hr$이었다. 황화수소와 톨루엔 동시제거 실험에서는 $H_2S$와 톨루엔이 효과적으로 제거되었다. $H_2S$의 최대제거능은 $100\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}hr$이었으며, $H_2S$ 농도가 100 ppm까지는 톨루엔제거에 영향을 주지 않았으나 $H_2S$ 농도가 증가함에 따라 톨루엔 제거효율은 감소되었다.