• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-107
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• 2002

Britain's public services, especially health service and secondary education are in disarray. The current British government adopted the public-private partnership(PPP) as a major device to bring about public sector reform. In principle, PPPs could be used to outsource all sorts of public services, helping to raise standards by extending choice and competition. Up to now, however, they have been focused mainly on a relatively limited range of ancillary services related to new buildings and their subsequent operation. The unions, especially the unions covering the public sector employees are antagonistic to the PPPs. The unions have been opposing privatizing or resecting of any part of the public services, as these apt to lead insecurity of employment and degradation of working conditions of their members. Most of the union leaders consider that PPPs are 'privatization by stealth'. Even in Britain, which has a long history of trade union movements, to persuade the unions to co-operate to the reform policy has been extremely difficult. To succeed in public sector reform, the government, be it Korean or British, needs strong leadership, consistency in policies between various departments, and persuasive ability to overcome the opposition from the vested-interest group.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.566-576
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• 2004

Purpose: The study was to determine variables related to the depressive impact of emotional labor among workers. Method: 443 respondents were surveyed through the NIOSH generic job stress questionnaire from December 1st through December 30th, 1999. Results: 1. Employment type and job insecurity showed a significant relationship with developing depression, load and role ambiguity. 5. Intervention programs and effective communication networks are needed to help workers cope with their job stress in a positive manner. Conclusions: First, given the correlation between the frequency of avoiding tactics and depression levels, an intervention program is needed to help workers cope with their job stress in a positive manner, Lastly, because role ambiguity was one of the main causes of depression among workers who perform emotional labor, establishing an effective communication network is important to make communication flow within the workplace clear and open.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Anxiety for employment of workers has been increased due to rapid change of management environment, which tends to increase psychological instability on the job of all workers. Accordingly, this study examined the moderating effect of self-efficacy between job instability and organizational citizenship behavior. The research subjects were employees of small and medium companies in the manufacturing industry in Daejeon-si, Sejong-si and Chungcheongnam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. 500 sheets of the questionnaire were distributed from August 5, 2015 to August 30, 2015. Among them, 321 were collected with 64.2% of the response rate. Total 312 sheets were used for analysis excluding 9 sheets with incomplete answers. The results are as follows. Firstly, it proved that job instability had negative (-) effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Secondly, in the relation between job instability and organizational citizenship behavior, there was moderating effect of self-efficacy. Accordingly, if self-efficacy of the workers is higher in the threat of job instability, it means organizational citizenship behavior would increase. In conclusion, in the current situation where there is instable survival of corporation and job, the management of small and medium manufacturing company needs to increase self-efficacy through training and internal reward to employees. The limit of the study is that the research subjects were employees of small and medium companies in the manufacturing industry in Daejeon-si, Sejong-si and Chungcheongnam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Accordingly, as situational peculiarity may be observed, it is required to have expanded study to more various areas, works and industries.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.29-45
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• 2007

In today's rapidly changing business environment, corporations need to have flexibility in order to survive. This was especially true of Korean firms that were affected by the policies of the International Monetary Fund(IMF) since 1997. IMF requirements became a catalyst that helped Korean firms design their HR practices more rational and efficient. Although these changes increased the firms flexibility and global competitiveness, they also brought some harmful effects. Job insecurity is one of the most serious problems in Korean firms and in the greater Korean society, As today's organizations no longer lifelong employment, individuals put stress on psychological satisfaction with the need to manage one's career and employability in the open labor market rather than rapid promotion or high compensation in a organizations. Theoretically and empirically, the topics of career choice and career development were extensively developed. On the other hand, the issue of career commitment received little attention. The purpose of this study is to examine the preceding factors career commitment among public officials in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.182-185
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• 2019

In line with the recent job insecurity, the preference for teaching jobs has been increasing for private and educational colleges. However, the T.O., announced by the Ministry of Education in tandem with the decreasing number of people, is decreasing every year, while the competition rate is rising steeply due to the increase in the number of students. As a result, the university is becoming a huge hagwon for teacher-nominee competitive tests as it tries to concentrate on the recruitment exam at the same time as entering the university. In this study, we will present a blueprint for school life to students enrolled in private universities by identifying the connection between the overall use of school life and study groups by students using deep learning.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2021

Frequent restructuring of the organization according to the rapidly changing business environment, and increasing of employment insecurity made the employees have a cynical attitude toward the organization. The organizational cynicism is believed to hinder the supportive climate and negatively affect organizational effectiveness. This paper analyzed the effects of the cynicism of employees on the supportive climate and organizational effectiveness. Data were collected through questionnaire instruments from 172 employees of a public service. To test the hypothesis, structural equation modeling was employed. The analysis results showed that the supportive climate had a positively significant effect on the organizational effectiveness. And the organizational cynicism had a negative effect on the supportive climate. Finally, cynicism had a negative indirect effect on organizational effectiveness through a organizational climate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.528-542
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the commonalities and differences that appear across the types of perceptions toward job changes according to the Industrial 4.0. among job seekers and workers. For an approach to subjective beliefs, viewpoints and preferences, the data investigated using Q methodology, was analyzed using the QUANL program for PC. From the Q-methodology, the types of perception toward job changes due to Industrial 4.0 and their features were drawn. The perception types were classified as four types: negative perception type, neutral perception type, high evaluation about quality of jobs, and employment increase perception type. The results found that views toward job transition due to Industrial 4.0 are were diverse beyond the dichotomy and institutional and educational efforts should be required to mitigate job insecurity and cope with job changes caused by technological advance.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.79
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• pp.226-259
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• 2016

Drawing on the autonomist Marxist concepts of 'social factory', 'immaterial labour', and 'precarity', this paper discusses the changed nature of labour, life and social relations in contemporary informational capitalism. More specifically, it first traces back to the early autonomist (operasimo) theories of 'social factory' and 'class composition' and then discusses how these earlier theories were developed into the concept of 'immaterial labour' by a group of later autonomist theorists such as Paolo Virno, Maurizio Lazzarato, Micheal Hardt, and Antonio Negri. Then, it reviews how the concept of immaterial labour was taken up to understand the nature of labour in digital economy within the tradition of Cultural Studies, closely intersecting with the critiques of 'creative labour'. Finally, it discusses how the changed nature of labour is interrelated with the neoliberal labour forces transformations such as casualization of employment and increasing insecurity in employment and life, which the autonomist explores with the concept of 'precarity', the material condition of immaterial labour.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-172
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• 2016

This study examines the employment conditions and labour experience of elementary after-school care teachers in South Korea. Based on the empirical data collected through in-depth interviews with after-school care teachers in Gwangju Metropolitan City, the study considers multifaceted problems faced by after-school care teachers in their workplace. The after-school care class is part of educational policies initiated and rapidly expanded by the Ministry of Education, resulting in the substantial increase of non-regular school workers. The irregularization of after-school care teachers illustrates that the common problems faced by female non-regular workers, such as social discrimination, exclusion and inequality, are also transplanted into the typical public sector. In the case of Gwangju Metropolitan City, during the past two years there have been evident increases both in under 15-hour short time contract care teachers and outsourcing of care classes. Temporary part-time contract care teachers suffer relentless job insecurity and experience poor working conditions, exclusion and discrimination within the workplace and labour alienation. In order to minimize the organized resistance of care teachers, school authorities implicitly individualize and isolate care teachers through hierarchization, the division of labour and the spatial division of classes between indefinite and temporary contract teachers.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.158-175
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• 2022

This study discusses mass unemployment and job insecurity due to the 4th industrial revolution and technological progress. In particular, the construction automation service method can contribute to increasing work productivity, preventing on-site safety accidents, and enhancing the competitiveness of the construction industry according to rapid development and convergence between technologies. However, there is great concern that the position of workers will decrease and the income distribution will deteriorate. Therefore, this study is necessary to alleviate the anxiety of the labor market and to find a direction for the government and all walks of life to ponder. To carry out this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with two experts currently engaged in the construction field, and through analysis, we intend to derive meaning and identify current trends, identify necessary improvement measures and institutional areas and suggest research directions. As a result of the analysis, it is possible to suggest a response strategy in a total of three themes: purpose, implication, and strategy. Based on this, there are response strategies in four areas: (1) industrial site response, (2) worker response, (3) education, and (4) training response, and government and corporate response. Through this study, it is necessary to revitalize economic and sociological discussions in the future so that the improvement in productivity and efficiency of society as a whole due to technological innovation of construction automation services does not lead to social problems such as an increase in the unemployment rate and a decrease in jobs in the labor market.