• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.99-120
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• 2017

Recent studies shows that international entrepreneurship orientation is recognized as a very important tool for improving corporate performance in international business activities. However, these relationships show various research results. Therefore, it can be a very interesting research topic to examine whether these relationships are linear or non-linear when selected as a target in developing country like China. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the effects of international entrepreneurship orientation on the export performance is non-liner type in China's manufacturing firms. And investigated the moderating role of degree of internationalization and market dynamism relative to the relationship between the international entrepreneurial-orientation and the export performance. A total of 478 questionnaires were used for the hypothesis test. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, there is a J-shaped. relationship between international entrepreneurship orientation and export performance. Second, degree of Internationalization strengthened the reverse J-shaped relationship between international entrepreneurship orientation and export performance. Finally, degree of internationalization and market dynamics show that J-shaped relationship between international entrepreneurial orientation and export performance is strengthened. The results of the study's theoretical contribution and the managerial contribution is as followed. As a theoretical contribution, it is confirmed that international entrepreneurial orientation (J-shaped) and export performance form a non-linear relationship, and it is possible to make an empirical contribution that can newly approach the relationship between international entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. The managerial contribution suggests that China's exporting companies have a higher degree of Internationalization in their international business activities and that the higher the dynamics of the overseas markets, the more advanced the international entrepreneurial behavior should be required to improve the export performance.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.105-122
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• 2016

Numerous studies have evaluated the status of seaports. However, the majority of the research has approached this topic from the view-point of port capabilities, including locational advantage, infrastructure, productivity, and competitiveness. The position and/or role of a port can be understood more precisely and comprehensively by considering the interconnectivity among ports making up enormous global transportation networks. The main objective of this study is to compare the status of 82 container ports on the trunk shipping routes between Asia and Europe by applying the concepts of structural equivalence and role equivalence proposed by the social network analysis method. Network similarities and differences among competing ports in the regions are assessed by analysing their structural equivalence. Furthermore, the hierarchical structures of the ports located on the trunks between Asia and Northwest Europe and between Asia and the Mediterranean are constructed by evaluating their role equivalence. The results of this empirical research shows that Singapore and Rotterdam possess the most significant positions on the ocean corridors between Asia and Northwest Europe. Singapore also holds a leading position on the Asia-Mediterranean shipping route. Lastly, no ports located in the Middle East or Mediterranean regions have an equivalent weight to those of Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp on the Asia-Northwest Europe route.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 2014

As a travel demand management and environmental policy, the government actively promotes alternative work arrangements such as telecommuting. Against this backdrop, several empirical studies, which aim to verify the benefits of telecommuting, have been recently conducted. Little consensus, however, exists with respect to the defining, measuring, and forecasting telecommuting, although these are fundamental basis of policy evaluation and academic research. As a fundamental research for analyzing telecommuting impacts, this paper reviews various definitions regarding telecommuting, examines telecommuting penetration and level of telecommuting through review of available survey data in Korea, and forecasts future penetration. The result suggests that current home-based telecommuting penetration and level of telecommuting is approximately 0.5 to 1.1% and 0.2 to 0.5%, respectively, and is approximately 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively, for the center-based telecommuting. In addition, shift-share analysis shows that home-based telecommuting penetration in the Seoul Metropolitan Area in 2020 will be 1.3%, not much different with the current value. Consequently, current telecommuting penetration is much lower than the value that is fed to us by the media (10~20%), and the future prospect is also much lower than the goal of government (30~45%); thus, we can conclude that government's goal of telecommuting promotion is difficult to meet if active encouragement policy will not be introduced.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.131-164
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• 2005

The central focus of this research paper is to explore the recent structural core empirical unemployment reason of IT new professional manpower who graduated in higher education level in Korea. The final goal of this issue is to estimate and analyze rambling impediment in IT manpower labor market between 26 detail occupations and between detail occupations and 3 educational levels of new graduates and entrants who entered in IT 6 occupational groups composing 26 particular occupations. This study uses the 2004 data published by the Ministry of ICT and relies upon both one-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis variance to tackle the issue. According to the ANOVA results, 2 main points were delineated In the one-way analysis of variance method. the total sum of squares (SST) is decomposed into two major components: within sum of squares (SSW) (6 detail occupations, 85%) and between sum of squares (SSG) (26 detail occupation, 15%) The other major finding is that total sum of squares (SST) is decomposed into three major components: between detail occupations (SSG) (19.3%), between educations (SSB) and errors (SSE) (56%) in IT SIW development design group.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2014

Many people have a social network service (SNS) by utilizing a variety of community activities, information sharing, and the creation of social networking. In terms of marketing academics view social networks between businesses and consumers in the new communication strategy, a new way to make them in terms of marketing a new business opportunity. That is, they are actively engaged in the various marketing activities targeting customers using SNS. According to H. A. Simon's needle theory, it is efficient to make a decision within the bounded rationality due to the difficulty of collecting data in decision-making as well as the inability to collect all information because of limited time and money. If the information or the informant can be trusted, the customers would be able to make a quick decision and get higher satisfaction from it. Therefore, this study examines and thereby empirically demonstrates what role customers' trust plays in a company's marketing using SNS by exploring how trust condition works in the mediated model and, theoretically, intends to introduce an empirical methodology on more strictly mediated moderating effects and, in practice, revisit the role of trust on direct and indirect effect the SNS's Information quality has on the performance variables such as customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study thereby aims to provide a strategic tool for the companies that plan to use the SNS in developing marketing strategies.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2013

With the advent of smart phones, there are increasing demands from customers to connect to the social media services at any time and at any place without restraint. As a result, many foreign companies have lately been able to pursue two-way communication with customers through social media which has enabled them to see the reaction and the needs of customers immediately and respond timely. That is, they are actively engaged in the various marketing activities targeting customers using SNS. According to H. A. Simon's needle theory, it is efficient to make a decision within the bounded rationality due to the difficulty of collecting data in decision-making as well as the inability to collect all information because of limited time and money. If the information or the informant can be trusted, the customers would be able to make a quick decision and get higher satisfaction from it. Therefore, this study examines and thereby empirically demonstrates what role customers' trust plays in a company's marketing using SNS by exploring how trust condition works in the mediated model and, theoretically, intends to introduce an empirical methodology on more strictly mediated moderating effects and, in practice, revisit the role of trust on direct and indirect effect the SNS's quality has on the performance variables such as customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study thereby aims to provide a strategic tool for the companies that plan to use the SNS in developing marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.149-159
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• 2017

There are many studies on the health and protection of Old-growth and Giant Trees, concentrating on empirical judgment and basic protection measures. The problem this study addresses is the relative importance and priority of the health evaluation indicators of Old-growth and Giant Trees. Firstly, this study exports the evaluation indicators of Old-growth and Giant Trees. The evaluation system for the degree of danger of Old-growth and Giant Trees are composed of two layers: 5 fields and 46 indicators. Secondly, using the AHP and PCA method can determine the weight of each field and each index factor. The process of AHP establishes the relative importance judgment matrix of each field and fully proves that the main cause of danger is individual aging. The PCA method suggested that trunk rot status, light conditions, tree surgeries, bacterial diseases, and soil moisture level are the most important factors in each field. These aspects should be given priority in the management and protection of Old-growth and Giant Trees. Weight values obtained in this study seemed to be useful in the evaluation of Old-growth and Giant Trees.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2016

In the smart societies, such as the current unlike in the past, the voice that listeners will feel favor is changing through the development of ICT technologies and infrastructure. In other words, in the past, loud, intensive and fast voice is a favorite but now a new social and cultural situation that is changing them with ICT technologies. Now, this becomes one of the important things that we clarify 'Is it a voice that feels a favor?'. For this, in this paper, we identified what voice that listeners feel favor by applying ICT technologies. Studies were carried out to proceed largely divided into two categories. Firstly, as the quantified data, we extracted the impact on favorable feeling of listeners which related with emotional speech by empirical analysis work. To do this, we performed the experiment for the public. Secondly, we identified what kind of voice which listeners feel a good impression. For this, we identified voice characteristics that there are people who are influential in the real society. Also, we extracted both the voice characteristics of each influential people and common voice characteristics. In addition, we want to overcome the problems of qualitative methods that have originally limitations in objective respects which is significant to the voice analysis. For this, we performed the experiments of the voice analysis by numerical and visual approaches.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.508-521
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• 2006

The results of environmental equity analysis vary dramatically depending on different methods used. The information and data available to the researcher are also often uncertain and imprecise in empirical studies. A sensitivity analysis approach was used too handle uncertainties and methodological inconsistencies in environmental equity analysis. This paper explores the sensitivity of environmental equity analysis to two spatial measures such as proximity and scale. Two experiments were implemented to evaluate the effects of two spatial measures on the environmental equity analysis using a combination of control and experimental factors. Fulton County, Georgia was selected as a case study area for these experiments. Two major data sets including demographic characteristics and toxic release inventory (TRI) database for the study area in 1990 were integrated into a GIS environment. Two statistical analyses such as independent samples t-test and coefficient of variation were performed to determine the environmental equity in the study area and to compare the relative variability in the socioeconomic characteristics of populations over different spatial measures. The findings from two experiments indicate that the outcomes of environmental equity analysis are slightly sensitive to the buffer distance used to determine the impact zones of TRI facilities, but not to the geographic scale used in the analysis. The findings also suggest that the consequences of these choices can alter spatially and statistically the results in environmental equity analysis.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.887-911
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• 2016

The empirical law that transverse dunes migrate inversely with their heights leads logically to the prediction that multiple dune ridges will converse to a single huge dune by merging. This contradicts the existence of the steady state dune fields on the Earth. The recent studies have emphasized dune collisions as a key mechanism to the stability of dunefield. The roles of wind shadow aspect ratio, however, have yet to be fully explored. This research aims to investigate the potential roles of wind shadow aspect ratio in the dynamical behaviors of transverse dune field. The simplified model is established for this, based upon allometric properties of transverse dunes, wind speedup on the stoss slope and sand trapping efficiency. The derived governing equations can be transformed to the zoning criteria and vector field for dune evolution. The dynamics analysis indicates that wind shadow aspect ratios do not produce convergent areas on the behavior space; rather, they just act as one of the factors that affect the trajectories of dune evolution. Though the model cannot represent the stability of dune field, but seem to produce a reasonable exponent for dune spacing-height relations.