• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

This study is conducted to verify existing differences in consumer attitude according to distributor type and PB product type. Pre-test was conducted for this study in order to select the distributor and to classify the product type, FGI was conducted with 10 graduate students of K university in Kyong-gi. This study survey housewives, office workers, and university students excluding the participants in the pre-test. In the final analysis, research hypothesis is verified through the data of 280 answers in Korea. This research is conducted with a factor design of 3 types of distributors -department store, discount store, convenience store-and 2 types of product -utilitarian product, hedonic product. To verify the hypotheses, ANOVA is carried out. Reliability test of each measurement variables, Cronbach α coefficient is used. For each analysis, SPSS Windows 15.0 statistical program is used. The findings suggest that First, according to the size and characteristics, distributors are classified into department stores, discount stores, and convenience stores and it is verified whether if there are differences in consumers' attitude (product attitude, brand attitude and purchase intention) by the effect of different distributors. Results showed that product attitude is statistically significant. Second, product type is classified by two categories according to whether the product seeks for practicality or emotional pleasure - Utilitarian product and Hedonic product. In this context, the result after verifying whether if there is difference in the attitudes -product attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention - in accordance with the product types is shown that utilitarian products makes bigger difference compared to hedonic products. Third, it is confirmed that there is interaction effect between product attitude and purchase intention according to the distributer type and product type. However, we find that in terms of brand attitude, there is no interaction effect. The implications of this research is as the following. First, we propose the need of PB product development and marketing strategy, which considers the product types in accordance with the scale and features of each distributor. Second, PB products should break away from the simplicity of standardized products and consider the different features of distributors. Distributors will be in need of a strategy to build a compelling brand that can differentiate itself from other distributors. This will contribute to the improvement in reliability and formation of product value.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.381-431
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• 2016

This paper deals with Slavic discourse deixis comparing Russian, Polish, Czech and Bulgarian demonstrative and personal pronouns. In general, the Slavic proximal pronouns have precedence over the distal ones. Proximal pronouns, such as Russian eto, Polish to, and Bulgarian tova, are employed more frequently and widely than their distal counterparts to, tamto and onova. The distance-neutral pronoun to in Modern Czech was also a proximal pronoun in the past. These Slavic proximal and former-proximal pronouns function as a discourse deixis marker, whereas, in most other languages, the discourse deixis is mainly a function of distal or non-proximal demonstrative pronouns. However, the Russian, Polish, Czech, and Bulgarian discourse deixis differs in distal demonstrative and personal pronouns. In general, the Polish and Czech discourse deixis does not employ the distal demonstrative pronoun tamto or the personal pronoun ono. The Russian distal demonstrative pronoun to is actively used as a discourse deixis marker, and the personal pronoun ono can also be used to refer to the preceding discourse, though it is not frequent. In Bulgarian the distal demonstrative pronoun onova is rarely used to refer to a discourse, but the personal pronoun to frequently indicates a discourse that is repeatedly referred to in a text. The discourse deixis, which is a peripheral deixis and can be both deixis and anaphora, reveals different characteristics in different Slavic languages. In Russian, where all of the proximal, distal, and personal pronouns function as a discourse deixis marker, the deixis itself plays a crucial role in distinguishing these three pronouns from each other, revealing the speaker's psychological, emotional, temporal, and cognitive proximity to or distance from a given discourse. In Bulgarian, the most analytic Slavic language, the personal pronoun is used more as a discourse deixis marker to reveal the highest givenness of a discourse, and it seems that Bulgarian discourse deixis is more anaphoric than the other Slavic discourse deixis is.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.191-219
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• 2018

Although several measurements of happiness at work have been developed as interest in it has grown, most of them only deal with hedonia, emotional pleasure, and there exists no measurement of eudaimonia, ultimate happiness through meaning and worthiness in Korea. This study aims to examine the validity of the Korean version of Global Hedonic and Eudaimonic Job Satisfaction (K-GHEJS) scale which covers both hedonia and eudaimonia at work. Considering the job characteristics of social work which emphasizes the values and meaning of the helping profession, online survey was performed among a total of 376 social workers. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the goodness-of-fit of 10 items, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that classification as two factors of hedonic and eudaimonic job satisfaction is appropriate. The reliability was found to be high as reliability coefficient Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .936. This K-GHEJS scale which measures eudaimonic happiness for the first time in Korea, is expected to be useful for measuring job satisfaction of the helping professions such as social work that pursues the values and meanings of work.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

This study is a descriptive correlation study that analyzes the correlation between health-related lifestyle and quality of life characteristics of single household. Variables were selected 1,220 surveys of single household from the Korea Health Panel 2015. The average age of single-person households in Korea was 68.19, with women accounting for 71.3% of the single-person households. One household due to each private sector accounted for 64.8%, while 42.3% responded to their subjective health status as "ordinary." Smokers accounted for 31.7% and drinkers 34.7%, with 55.3%t of the low-activity group making up the largest amount of physical activity. The quality of life score was $13.31{\pm}1.828$. There was a positive correlation between smoking, drinking, physical activity and quality of life. Based on this data, progress of physical activity improvement program in support of the diversity and social relations are needed, and individual psychological and emotional support of single household needs to be developed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.113-140
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• 2015

This paper explains how the basic and instinctive emotion "joy" is verbally expressed in Russian and Korean. In particular, the main concern of this pater is on the cultural context with which the emotion "joy" is related and the ways in which the emotion "joy" has a wide range of uses. The semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the uses of the expression "joy" can be explained through the cultural and historical backgrounds in both languages. In Russian, joy has two variants, radost' and udovol'stvie. It is very difficult to distinguish a significant difference between them; however, the former is mainly connected with more mental, spiritual, cultural, and religious contexts, whereas the latter is mainly related with more concrete, instantaneous contexts and daily life. The former produces an impression that has a more wide, spiritual, and macroscopic attitude toward a situation, whereas the latter produces an impression that has a microscopic and instantaneous attitude toward a situation. Compared with the Russian expressions, the Korean equivalents, 기쁨 and 즐거움, have a very similar opposition like that of the Russian. The former is based on a more logical and causal relation between an anticipation or desire and the current situations, whereas the latter is based on the participation of speakers in a situation and has a very instantaneous characteristic, like a udovol'stvie in Russian. Thus, it can be reasonable argued that the Russian udovol'stvie and the Korean 즐거움 share many similar semantic properties. In brief summary, in both languages there exists two distinctive variants that show a privative opposition to express the emotional concept of joy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a STEAM program for teaching climate change through CLAMP (Climate-Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) paleoclimate inquiry in connection with high school 'Integrated Science' subject. In order to do so, we analyzed the 2015 revised national curriculum and science textbook in terms of the PDIE instructional design model, and developed the teaching-learning materials for 10 class hours through expert panel discussion and pilot test. According to the STEAM class procedure, in the situation presentation stage, the fossil leaves were collected from the dicotyledon plants near school, and the LMA (Leaf Margin Analysis) climate inquiry activity. was presented as the learning goal. During the creative design stage, students were taught about geology and leaf fossils in the study region, and CLAMP input data (31 characteristics of morphotype and leaf architectural of fossil leaves) were given. In the emotional experience and new challenge stage, we collected leaf fossils for outdoor learning, explored paleoclimate with CLAMP method, and promoted climatic literacy in the process of discussing tendencies and causes of Cenozoic's climate change. The validity of the development program was assessed (CVI .84) as being suitable for development purpose in all items through the process of establishing reliability among expert panel. In order to apply the program to the high school, a pilot test was conducted to supplement the discrepancies and to review the suitability. The satisfaction rate of the participants was 4.48, and the program was complemented with their opinions. This study will enable high school students to have practical knowledge and reacting volition for climate change, and contribute to fostering students' climate literacy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.548-558
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• 2019

Along generalization of internet news comments, malicious comments have been spread and made many social problems. Because writings reflect human mental state or trait, analyzing malicious comments, human mental states could be inferred when they write internet news comments. In this study, we analyzed malicious comments of English and Korean speaker using LIWC and KLIWC. As a result, in both English and Korean, malicious comments are commonly more used in sentence, word phrase, morpheme, word phrase per sentence, morpheme per sentence, positive emotion words, and cognitive process words than normal comments, and less used in the third person singular, adjective, anger words, and emotional process words than normal comments. This means people are state that they can not control their feeling such as anger and can not think well when they write news comments. Therefore, when internet comments were written, service provider should consider the way that commenters monitor own writings by themselves and that they prevent the other users from getting close to comments included many negative-emotion words. In other sides, it is discovered that English and Korean malicious comments was discriminated by authenticity. In order to be more objective, gathering data from various point of time is needed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2018

Objectives The Eum-Yang (Yin-Yang in English) temperament was shown to have clinical and structural validity with Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), however the studies of the association with behavior problems and personality structure in adolescents were not satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Eum-Yang temperament and behavior problems in Korean middle school students. Methods 122 first grader of middle school students (68 boys and 54 girls) completed SPQ, Junior version of Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and Youth Self Report (YSR). The correlations between SPQ, JTCI, and YSR subscales were investigated. And, also the differences between SPQ, JTCI, and YSR subscales among Yang (high 30% of SPQ total score) and Eum (low 30% of SPQ total score) temperament groups classified with SPQ total score were examined. Results The SPQ total score were correlated with Novelty-Seeking (r=.321) and Reward-Dependence (r=.392) in boys, and with Novelty-Seeking (r=.427) and Harm-Avoidance (r=-.444) in girls. The SPQ total score were not significantly correlated with Body Mass Index, Ponderal Index and YSR total, however significantly correlated with YSR Internalizing problems and Withdrawal/depressed subscale (r=-.242 and r=-.419) in boys and Withdrawal/depressed subscale (r=-.449) in girls. There were significant differences between Eum and Yang groups in Novelty-Seeking, Harm-Avoidance and Withdrawal/depressed as for boys and girls. Conclusions The biopsychological structure of SPQ was confirmed with middle school students. The behavioral (SPQ-B) and emotional (SPQ-E) perspectives of Eum-Yang were found to be protective and risk factors, and also correlated with Externalizing and Internalizing behavior problems, respectively. The biopsychological characteristics of Eum-Yang temperament and its relation with psychopathological symptoms in late-childhood should be carefully analyzed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2019

Yun Dong - ju's poetry and his representations are used in various visual and dramatic media. According to its medium and genre characteristics, Yoon Dong - ju's representations and his poems are selected and changed. It is also the process of reading what the text is trying to convey to the public through a single person. In this study, Yoon Dong - joo's poetry was compared with other poetry of poetry. Particularly, the discussion was focused on the creative actor . If the creative drama is transmitting the feelings of Yoon Dong-ju through the city, the film conveys the poem of Yoon Dong-ju. Gamuplays are more restrictive than the movies because of their genre. As a result, the emotional expressions of the characters are more intense, the progress of the narrative is also dramatic, and the aspect of Yun Dong - ju, a poem illuminated by the movie and the drama, also differs. If the film aims to portray poet Yoon Dong-ju as a genuine literary youth, the creative poet reinterprets Yun's poetry as having a meaning of resistance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the direction of communication design through in-depth interviews on the topic of gender equality, which is an active theme of social issue happening worldwide, and to suggest a direction to provide better social issue communication direction. In order to do so, firstly, I researched case studies and investigated the characteristics of gender magazines such as If, Ferm and Womankind. Secondly, I conducted an empirical study of in-depth interviews to identify the emotional adjectives by women and men by different age groups from gender equality storytelling magazine experience. As a result, I was able to grasp two points necessary. First of all, for the gender equality content messages closely related to everyday stories level down the barrier and become easier to empathize with. Second of all, the more complex the social issues are, the more sustainable and credible if the content developed steadily and contingently. This study is meaningful in that it suggested a series of directions for communicating gender equality issues. Future research should complement the suggested directions for gender equality communication design and contribute to guiding further directions.