• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2018

Purpose: To identify the relationship between emotional labor, self-efficacy, and partnership with parents in nurses working at children's hospital, and to examine the factors that influence partnership of nurses with parents. Methods: Participants were 208 nurses working at nine children's hospitals in D and G metropolitan cities in J province. Data were collected using structured self-report questionnaires. Results: Partnership with parents showed a significant positive correlation with emotional labor (r=.43, p<.001) and self-efficacy (r=.47, p<.001). Furthermore, emotional labor and self-efficacy had influence on partnership with parents. The total explanatory power of this model was of 31.4%. Conclusion: Considering that children's parents and other family members usually stay with them in hospitals, a concrete system needs to be developed to manage the emotional labor of nurses. Ultimately, direct and indirect intervention programs, with emotional labor and self-efficacy at the core, should be developed and implemented to enhance the partnership of nurses and parents.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.290-301
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the level of emotional labor, job stress and professional quality of life and to identify the factors affecting on professional quality of life among nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: 136 nurses working at eight different long-term care hospitals were recruited from May 1 to June 30, 2016. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: Professional quality of life is consisted of three subcategories as compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burn-out. As for the factors affecting on compassion satisfaction, age, satisfaction on working ward and shift pattern of duties were significant factors. The three variables' explanation power on compassion satisfaction was 25.0%. As for factors affecting on secondary traumatic stress, emotional labor was a significant factor. The emotional labor's explanation power on secondary traumatic stress was 13.0%. Factors affecting on burn-out, emotional labor, age, and health condition were significant factors. The three variables' explanation power on burnout is 31.0%. Conclusion: On the basis of results, program development are required to relieve emotional labor and job stress for nurses at long-term care hospitals and to improve their professional quality of life.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship among self-efficacy, emotional labor, organizational commitment and job satisfaction of medical tourism employees. This survey was conducted from March 2 to March 31, 2018 and targeting medical tourism employees who work at hospitals, travel agencies, medical tourism agencies and consulting firms in Seoul. 282 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 18.0. The result of this study is as follows. First, self-efficacy positively influenced on emotional labor and organizational commitment. Second, self-efficacy positively influenced on all job satisfaction factors as like job itself satisfaction, salary/promotion satisfaction and relationship satisfaction. Third, deep acting factor of emotional labor positively influenced on job itself satisfaction and relationship satisfaction. Forth, job itself satisfaction and relationship satisfaction positively influenced on organizational commitment. These research findings can be summarized as follows. Medical tourism employees of hospitals, travel agencies, medical tourism agencies and consulting firms have to be supported greatly to improve their own job competency and job qualifications. Second, medical tourism organizations try to understand the real emotion of medical tourism employees when they are dealing with medical tourists. Third, medical tourism employees have to be recognized their job performance and provided suitable incentives for the results. The findings of this study provide practical implications about strategical human resource management of medical tourism agencies. Moreover, it will be useful for hospitals and government officials to establish a management framework in medical tourism industry.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the mediating effect of depression in the relationship between emotional labor and quality of sleep among dental hygienists. Methods: A purposive sample of 224 subjects in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province was recruited for convenient sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression using Baron and Kenny steps for mediation. Results: The mean scores for overall emotional labor, quality of life, and depression were $33.14{\pm}5.55$, $7.49{\pm}2.82$, and $19.20{\pm}10.45$, respectively. They were significantly correlated with each other. Depression had a mediating effect(${\beta}=.52$, p<.001) in the relationship between emotional labor and quality of sleep(Sobel test: Z= 6.82, p =.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that intervention programs focusing on preventing depression are highly recommended to improve quality of life among dental hygienists in relation to emotional labor.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2018

Background: The emotional labor performed by organization members affects psychological well-being at the individual level, which consequently affects results at the organizational level. Moreover, despite evidence that the customer orientation and service level of nurses greatly affect hospital management, studies that comprehensively analyze emotional labor, work burnout, and work engagement related to customer orientation and service level are lacking. This study investigated relationships and paths by designing a model of the effect of emotional labor performed by nurses on the level of service delivery and customer orientation. Methods: This survey-based study was based on a path analysis designed to verify a hypothesized model involving emotional labor performed by nurses, level of service delivery, customer orientation, work engagement, and burnout. Questionnaires were distributed to 378 nurses in general hospitals with more than 500 beds located in Seoul, Republic of Korea, between March 25 and April 8, 2013. Results: The results showed that deep acting and work engagement had direct and indirect effects on increasing the level of service delivery and customer orientation of nurses. However, surface acting had an indirect effect on reducing the level of service delivery and customer orientation. Conclusion: It would be more effective to develop interventions to enhance deep acting and work engagement than to attempt to reduce surface acting and work burnout in clinical nursing settings.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.7-50
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• 2016

자본주의화된 식민지 조선에서 기생은 위기감 속에서 경제적 구원자가 될 남성에 의존해서 사는 처지였지만 다른 한편으로는 근대와 자본주의가 부여한 변신의 기회를 갖기도 했다. 사회주의자 정칠성도 정치적 각성을 통해 그러한 변신의 기회를 활용한 사람 중 하나였다. 정칠성의 정치적 각성은 3.1운동이라는 역사적 계기와 십여 년 간 기생으로서 경험했던 개인의 노동 체험이라는 두 가지 요인이 작용한 결과이다. 3.1운동은 민족주의라는 외연을 띤 거대한 정치적 사건이었지만 정칠성이라는 한 여성의 개인적인 분노의 감정을 이끌어낸 계기이기도 했다. 또한 초기 자본주의 사회에서 직업을 가진 여성들은 직무 상의 역할 이외에도 순종적이면서도 아량이 넓어야 한다는 정서적인 역할을 강요받았다. 즉 초기 직업 여성들은 공적 영역에서 젠더 위계와 젠더 권력 속에 무방비로 노출됨으로써 분노와 수치, 모멸감 등의 감정을 겪어야 했고 이러한 감정들이 정칠성의 사례에서 나타나듯 어떤 정치적 각성에 이르게 함을 알 수 있다. 노동 경험과 감정의 문제를 매개로 한 정치적 각성은 정칠성으로 하여금 다른 여성 사회주의자들과는 달리, 여성의 경제적 독립이라는 이슈를 구체적이고 현실적으로 이해하게 만든 요인이었다. 그러나 사회주의 언어는 정칠성에게 자신의 체험을 설명할 수 있는, 당시로서는 상대적으로 가장 적절한 언어였지만 그녀의 체험은 엘리트 사회주의 언어로서는 설명될 수 없는 지점들을 갖고 있다. 따라서 그녀의 삶은 엘리트 중심의 사회주의 운동을 넘어서, 하층민 여성의 삶이 새로운 감성으로 분할되고 등재되어 정치적으로 가시화될 필요가 있음을 역설적으로 증명하고 있다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is an explorative survey to examine emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome among hospital nurses and to examine relationships among them. Methods: Data were collected from 228 nurses working at hospitals using structured questionnaires from September to October, 2014. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 by frequency, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Score of emotional labor was different by work time per week (F=4.03, p=.019), and menstrual amount (F=5.18, p=.006). Level of stress was different by marital status (t=2.29, p=.023), pattern of work (t=-3.63, p<.001), work time per week (F=3.39, p=.035), regularity of menstrual cycle (t=-4.20, p<.001), and exercise frequency (F=4.28, p=.015). Scores of premenstrual syndrome were different by regularity of menstrual cycle (t=-3.18, p=.002), and menstrual amount (F=5.88, p=.003). Emotional labor was related with perceived stress (r=.40, p<.001) and premenstrual syndrome (r=.23, p<.001). Also, perceived stress was related with premenstrual syndrome (r=.33, p<.001). Conclusion: Nurses' emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome were higher than the average. Emotional labor was correlated with stress and premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual syndrome with stress. This study shows that it is necessary to understand these relationships and to search for nursing intervention to ease emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2022

Purpose: Based on the results of Grandey's Emotion Regulation Process Model and previous studies, this study was conducted to identify the relationship between emotional labor, communication competency, emotional intelligence, social support, and burnout, and to identify factors affecting burnout of nurses in outpatient department. Method: The participants were 190 nurses with more than six months of experience working at the outpatient department of a general hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from April 5 to May 28, 2021, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: Significant variables affecting burnout were emotional labor, communication competency, emotional intelligence, education, and total clinical experience. Social support showed a statistically significant negative correlation with burnout, but did not affect burnout. Burnout showed a statistically significant a positive correlation with emotional labor, and showed a negative correlation with communication competency, emotional intelligence and social support. We found a negative correlation between burnout and subjective health status. Emotional labor had a positive effect on burnout. Emotional intelligence, clinical experience for more than 10 years, communication competency, and education for masters or higher negatively affected burnout, respectively. They accounted for 49.2% of the total variance of burnout. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to reduce emotional labor, one of the major predictors of burnout for outpatient care. In order to prevent emotional labor that results in burnout, an integrated program that improves emotional intelligence and communication competency should be developed.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.707-716
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing the retention intention of dental hygienists in clinical practice. Findings will assist in the development of strategies to increase their retention. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 261 dental hygienists who work at dental hospitals and clinics in the Jeollabuk-do area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA (post-test Duncan), and multiple regressions. Results: The variable that demonstrated the largest influence on the retention intention of dental hygienists was purpose/meaning (${\beta}=0.283$), followed by transcendental calling (${\beta}=0.198$). These factors relate to the sense of calling. The third most influential variable was pay (${\beta}=0.150$). This relates to general characteristics. The fourth most influential factor was the frequency of emotion display (${\beta}=-0.112$), which relates to one of the sub-areas of emotional labor. Conclusions: In order to strengthen the retention intention of dental hygienists, diverse approaches should be implemented, with particular consideration for their sense of calling, emotional labor and pay.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the emotional labor experiences of ward nurses in Korea. Methods: The data were collected through focus group interviews with seven ward nurses. The phenomenological analytic method suggested by Colaizzi was used to analyze the data. Results: Four theme clusters and eleven themes emerged from the analysis. The first theme cluster, 'Terrible working environment' includes changes in the health environment and realities of nursing organization. The second theme cluster, 'Suppressed feelings' includes institutionalized power trip, patient-centered emotion management and burning. The third theme cluster, 'Tired body and mind' includes withdrawal, wounded self-esteem, burnout and turnover desicion. The fourth theme cluster, 'Want to be comforted' includes emotional control and wishing to live as a nurse. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide an understanding of the emotional labor experiences of ward nurses to explain their perceptions and language. The essence of the emotional labor of ward nurses is a negative working environment created by increased competition in the healthcare industry and the nature of nursing organization, and as a result their quality of life has fallen.