• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2015

This paper was designed to investigate emission characteristics of regulated pollutants (CO, HC, NOx and PM) from 134 diesel and gasoline passenger cars based on emission standards according to fuel additives. The experiments using chassis dynamometer were conducted under NEDC and CVS-75 modes. Comparison for fuel additive management and test between Korea, USA, EU and Japan, Korea was more strict than others. The fuel additives of this study was satisfied within fuel manufacturing standards. For with/without fuel additives according to diesel emission standards, NOx of EURO 4 and EURO 5 showed a relatively similar tendency. In the case of PM reduction rate, EURO 5 was over 20% increased than EURO 4. In the case of standard deviation/average ratio for gasoline vehicles, variation interval was big for LEV 23.3~58% and ULEV 31.6~56.4%. Following the imposition of stricter regulations (EURO 5 and ULEV), difference rate for standard deviation was big. Especially, in the case of diesel vehicles, difference rate for NOx 68% and PM 48% was most big. The results of present study will be of assistance in completing the legislative process and will provide basic data to set up emission standards for fuel additives in Korea.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2010

환경부에서는 오염물질 다량 방출 건축자재의 효율적인 관리를 위해 "다중이용시설 등의 실내 공기질 관리법" 중 접착제의 시험방법과 방출관리기준을 동시에 개정하였다. 따라서 기존 관리수준과 개정 관리수준의 직접적인 비교가 불가능하다. 이 연구에서는 접착제의 개정된 시험방법의 각 요소들이 오염물질 방출강도에 미치는 영향들을 기존 시험방법과 비교하여 검토하였다. 이를 통하여 개정된 오염물질 방출관리기준을 평가하였다. 그 결과 접착제는 시험기간의 변경으로 인해 방출강도가 약 2.5배 약화되었고 건조시간의 변경에 따른 방출강도의 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 시험방법의 변경된 내용을 적용한 TVOC 방출 관리기준은 기존 방출 관리기준에 비해 약 2.1배 강화된 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1413-1419
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• 2008

The Kyoto Protocol, that had been in force from February 16, 2005, requires significant reduction in $CO_2$ emissions for all anthropogenic sources containing transportation, industrial, commercial, and residential fields, etc, and automotive emission standards for air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides $(NO_x)$ become more and more tight for improving ambient air quality. This paper has briefly reviewed homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion technology offering dramatic reduction in $CO_2,\;NO_x$ and PM emissions, compared to conventional gasoline and diesel engine vehicles, in an effort of automotive industries and their related academic activities to comply with future fuel economy legislation, e.g., $CO_2$ emission standards and corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) in the respective European Union (EU) and United States of America (USA), and to meet very stringent future automotive emission standards, e.g., Tier 2 program in USA and EURO V in EU. In addition, major challenges to the widespread use of HCCI engines in road applications are discussed in aspects of new catalytic emissions controls to remove high CO and unburned hydrocarbons from such engine-equipped vehicles.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1553-1557
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• 2018

Gallium nitride (GaN) nanoparticles are synthesized by the gallium particle trapping effect in a $N_2$ nonthermal plasma with metallic Ga vapor. A proposed method has an advantage of synthesized GaN nanoparticle purity because the gallium vapor from the inductively heated tungsten boat does not contain any impurity source. The synthesized particle size can be controlled by the amount of Ga vapor, which is adjusted using the plasma emission ratio of nitrogen to gallium, owing to the particle trapping effect. The synthesized nanoparticles are investigated by electron microscopy studies. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies confirm that the synthesized GaN nanoparticles (10-40 nm) crystallize in a single-phase wurtzite structure. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements indicate the band-edge emission of GaN at around 378 nm without yellow emission, which implies that the synthesized GaN nanoparticles have high crystallinity.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2008

Hazardous air pollutants emitted from the oil refinery plant were surveyed from 1993 US and 2005 Korean TRI data. Toluene, xylene, methanol, MTBE and n-hexane, relatively large in amount of fugitive emission, are considered as candidates of newly designated HAPs in Korea. The sealed oil pump, one of equipments among fugitive sources in the crude oil distillation tower was examined for the estimation of amounts of annual HAPs emissions according to several calculation methods using registered emission factors. Emission rates showed to be decreased with following calculation factors; average emission factor>pegged emission factor>concentration emission factor>correlation equation. Annual emission amounts of benzene, toluene, xylene. ethyl benzene and nhexane from the distillation tower were estimated and amounts of these HAPs calculated with TVOC concentrations obtained from LDAR program and correlation equations showed only 6% of those from using concentration factors.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2003

As exhaust emission standards are more stringent, higher conversion efficiency of automotive catalytic converter is required. In addition, catalytic converter is deteriorated during mileage accumulation of vehicle. Therefore the specification of catalytic converter should be decided in consideration of emission standards and deterioration. Because the decision of the specification of catalytic converter is required at the beginning of vehicle development procedure, it is important and necessary to fix the target values of green vehicle exhaust emissions. To do this, a linear regression analysis was done with in-use exhaust emissions data of 5 different kinds of vehicle that received US94 emission standards certification, and data handling methods including some statistical estimation were proposed. As a result, the fixed target values of NMHC, CO, NOx of green vehicle against US94 emission standards were 0.079, 0.83, 0.116, respectively. And expected in-use deterioration factor of NMHC, CO, NOx were 1.75, 2.02, 1.38, respectively. And also it was blown that even if failure rate is 30% after 80,000km driven, it might be sufficiently safe from emission failure confirmatory test of Korea. It is hopeful to make a database of in-use emissions to increase the confidence in correctness of the calculated target values.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.295-300
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• 2003

In Korea, the emission standards for air pollutants will be more tighten from Jan. 2005. Especially, the new emission standards is focused on the nitrogen oxide. From this trend of standards, nitrogen oxide emission is hot issue in energy fields. Also, we have a new environmental problem, the carbon dioxide emission, which are related to the global warming. To solve the environmental problems, we must define the situation of clean-up technologies level in Korea and decide the direction of R&D for flue gas cleaning technologies. Now, this paper discus briefly on the De-NOx R&D activities and the large scale testing facility for flue gas clean-up technologies in Korea Institute of Energy Research. These discussions are contribute to the increasing of the R&D activities for flue gas clean-up technologies in Korea.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2019

The particulate matter that was emitted always come up by atmospheric environmental problem. Running on the road vehicles must have regular inspection at regular period and make sure the emissions of exhaust gases exceed the legal standards. Emission test for the atmospheric environment, but it is not free from the particulate matter. Currently, emission test of vehicle inspection is divided into regular inspection and close inspection. Regular inspection and close inspection differ not only the method of emission test, but also the facility standards that must have for this inspection. According to the "Regulations on the Implementation of Comprehensive vehicle Inspection, etc.", close inspection must have trapping device that is trap particulate matter by emission test to vehicle. However, regular inspection is different. Regular inspection do not specify any criteria for trapping facilities. Therefore, this study is confirm how to prevent the emission of particulate matter to the atmosphere during the year when mandatory trapping facilities are required to trapped particulate matter in the regular inspection.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2007

최근 전력기기 및 전력시스템 기준이 수적인 면과 복잡성에 있어 증가되고 있다. 이에 부하의 왜곡에서 고조파 방출 한계를 평가하기 위한 우리나라 송전계통 기준을 소개하였다. 시간적 제약이 증가하는 조건아래 전력회사 실무자들은 빠르게 문제를 풀기 위하여 소프트웨어로 구성하기가 매우 복잡하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 마이크로소프트 엑셀을 이용하여 실무자들이 실제적인 상황에서 이러한 기준을 즉시 적용할 수 있도록 하기 위한 방법을 표현하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.146-156
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• 1995

Growing international concern about environmental issues in recent years has led to new proposals for strengthening exhaust emission standards and fuel economy requirements throughout the world. The low emission vehicle(LEV) standards drawn up by the California Air Resources Board(CARB) in the U.S.A are noticeably stringent To cope with this regulation, a reduction of HC emission is the most important challenge for the automotive industry because HC emission levels are severer than any other components emission levels. In this paper, the apparatus for visulalizing the wall film flow in a intake manifold and the spark plug with optical fiber for detecting the signal from diffusion flame are developed to mal,e the HC formation mechanism clear. High speed camera system is also used to elucidate the correlation wall film flow and the diffusion flame. Using these methods, the effect of fuel injection systems such as injection direction, spray angle, atomised injection on HC emission levels is investigated. Consequently, the optimal fuel injection conditions for minimizing the wall film flow and reducing the HC emission are found through this research.