• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.819-828
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• 2009

This paper suggests to standardize railway accident restoration types as the code and standard operation system for efficient railway accident management. First of all, the damage types of have been carefully analyzed and reclassified. This study suggested the combination of 3 distinct code factors: restoration class, restoration object, and restoration location to standardize them. In addition, this study suggested procedures to make the standard operation system of emergency restoration, defined the worst case of emergency restoration and the important events. Therefore, the standard operation system of emergency restoration is developed. It shall play a major role as the database system for railway accident management, minimum of damage and rapid control of accident.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5D
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• pp.727-737
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• 2011

The emergency restoration scenarios for efficient railway accident management and restoration were developed. The emergency restoration procedures defined by the worst case of emergency restoration and the important events was proposed based on questionnaires from specialists and the result of survey. Via these studies, the railway accident in the tunnel could be the worst case among all railway accident types. Therefore, educations for a restoration team in confined area condition should be planned and performed to recover the worst case accident. In order for the emergency restoration, when a railway accident is occurred, the restoration should be performed in orders of handing collapse of facilities, burying track, and derailment of vehicle in tunnel based on the statistical analysis. The result of priorities were established by the period of restoration. The standard operation system for efficient railway accident management was developed by synthesizing the worst case for rapid emergency restoration, and important events for the standard operation procedures according to each emergency restoration type. Through this study, the restoration operation system of railway accident are recommended. This paper suggests to develop emergency restoration scenarios for the efficient railway accident management and recovery system. The study results will contribute not only for insuring punctuality, but also for minimizing delays from accidents. Therefore, emergency restoration scenarios will play a major role in the SOP for the damage limitation and the prevention of accident spread.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.605-608
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• 2008

Storm and flood damage management systems in national disaster management system(NDMS) were organized into three operation systems. They are prevention, preparation, response, and recovery systems. Disaster resources in each system must be promptly and exactly applied to minimize casualties and loss of properties. However, the disaster resources in current management system can not be immediately used in calamity situation due to the lack of efficiency in statistical data. Therefore, it is necessary to classify the emergency restoration equipment for efficient management and mobilization of disaster resources in disaster situation. In this study, field survey was executed to appropriately classify the emergency restoration equipment. Problems and reformation points of the disaster resources system were also presented to improve the classification technique and to construct the data base.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2017

In this study, the expansion and compressive strength tests of emergency restoration material were carried out to restore cavity causing ground subsidence. The expansion and compressive strength characteristics according to component ratio of main material - hardener and mix proportion of blowing agent - accelerator were analyzed based on the test results. As a result of the relationship of curing time - expansion ratio analyses, it confirmed that expansion ratio decreased with reduced curing time regardless of mix proportion of blowing agent - accelerator in main material, if component ratio of hardener increased. This means that component ratio of the main material - hardener had greatly affected the expansion ratio. The compressive strength characteristics of emergency restoration material confirmed that strength was affected by mix proportion of blowing agent - accelerator. Therefore, it is necessary to apply reasonable component ratio and mix proportion to consider the required injection time, expansion ratio and strength of restoration material, when emergency restoration in ground cavity is required.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2007

Overhead transmission lines are completely exposed to the environment. This causes faults in transmission lines due to natural environmental conditions. In some cases, transmission towers are damaged by typhoons and snow, as well as sleet on the transmission lines. It takes a lot of time to repair the damaged towers. For emergency restoration purposes, steel poles are installed to temporarily supply power. Before 2003, emergency restoration steel poles were made of angled steel, which required a large number of beams, bolts, etc. In addition, the foundation of the steel pole and ground wire was constructed using excavation and burial methods, therefore it required a lot of manpower and time to construct temporary transmission lines. In September 2003, typhoon Maemi, whose maximum wind speed was 60m/s, hit Korea. 'Maemi' destroyed transmission lines in the Busan and Geojea area, causing long blackouts. To reduce the recovery time to the damaged transmission lines, self-build based emergency towers were developed. self-build based emergency towers reduced recovery time from 24 hours to 4 hours or less. However, the self-build based emergency tower had no arms, so the temporary transmission lines could only be constructed without curves in line routes. In this paper, solving these self-build based emergency tower limitations, using insulated arms(designed for use with the self-build based emergency tower), shall be explained.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

Considering North Korea's strategy, North Korea's top hitting target in the event of a war is likely to be the main goal of the air force runway to neutralize the air force. As a countermeasure, there are emergency runway construction and runway emergency recovery operations. However, emergency runway construction is mainly intended for emergency landing and fueling and rearmament. The emergency runway restoration operation has also several limitations considering North Korea's threatening missile level, recovery time, and so on, so it cannot respond quickly to the North's runway bombing. In this study, we first describe the threat of North Korea's missiles and their air defense capabilities. Then the concept and limitations of the mobile runway, which is the next generation countermeasure, are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

Recently the ground subsidence which seriously weakens the safety of cities tends to increase. The purpose of this paper is to develop the materials by using industrial by-products for the application to emergency restoration process in case of ground subsidence. In this paper the laboratory tests including pH test, initial setting test, unconfined compressive strength test, and flow test were performed in order to evaluate the design properties of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM). The field test was carried out for evaluating the performance for the early strength of CLSM and the workability for emergency restoration. Test results showed that the strength will be too high to re-excavate the ground when the cement ratio is more than 4%. The optimum mixing ratio appears to be most effective when the mixing ratio of the bottom ash and the gypsum is approximately 50:50 and the cement content is 2%.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.381-383
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• 2004

This paper presents for service restoration Abstract -in electric power distribution systems. The aim of the service restoration is an emergency control in distribution system to restore out-of service areas as soon as possible when a fault occurs in distribution system. For this reason, this paper presents a new service restoration strategy for multi-outage areas. Proposed algorithm consists of two methods. One is individual restoration scheme, the other one is integrated restoration scheme. The former determines restoration order of outage areas based on restoration index. If the former method can not generate a feasible restoration plan, the latter would try to find new configuration without overloaded section through tie exchange method.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

Recently, there have been a lot of incidents related to ground sinks in urban areas, but restoration work is complicated and inconvenience due to on-site control, and particularly, grouting and soil filling are generally applied as recovery measures, but when the grouting or the soil filling is carried out, material segregation phenomenon occurs in the ground or a lot of restoration amount is often required, depending on the state of sinks and the existence of groundwater under the ground and the soil can be lost due to the flow of the ground water, and thus the purpose of this study is to develop a pouch-type filler applied to a trenchless method for emergency reinforcement of the ground sinks with the aim of quick recovery of the ground sink in urban areas, and as a result, it was confirmed that compression strength and the expansion ratio were different according to the temperature of ground water and the compression strength and the expansion ratio could be controlled by mixing alumina powder.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.333-340
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• 2002

To secure a service continuity is one of the most important mission in the ower distribution system operation. In this paper the necessary and sufficient condition to guarantee 100% service restoration capability for any fault on the system is reported. An evaluation methodology of the restoration capability(or restorability) is developed based on the developed restoration conditions. Applications of the developed concept to the system operation in the normal and emergency states, that would enhance the supply reliability of the system are described. They include enhancement of restoration capability adapting to load change, identification of best open switch and supervised switch positions.