• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Objective : We studied whether frontal skull base fracture has an impact on the occurrence and recovery of anosmia and/or ageusia following frontal traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods : Between May 2003 and April 2005, 102 consecutive patients who had hemorrhage or contusion on the frontal lobe base were conservatively treated. Relevant clinical and radiographic data were collected, and assessment of impaired smell and taste sensation were also surveyed up to at least 12 months post-injury. Results : Among 102 patients, anosmia was noted in 22 (21.6%), of whom 10 had ageusia at a mean 4.4 days after trauma. Bilateral frontal lobe injuries were noted in 20 of 22 patients with anosmia and in all 10 patients with ageusia. Frontal skull base fracture was noted in 41 patients, of whom 9 (21.4%) had anosmia and 4 (9.5%) had ageusia. There was no statistical difference in the occurrence of anosmia and ageusia between patients with or without fracture. Of the 22 patients with anosmia, recovery from anosmia occurred in nine (40.9%) at the interval of 6 to 24 months after trauma, of whom six had frontal skull base fracture and three were not associated with fracture. Recovery of anosmia was significantly higher in patients without fracture than those with fracture (p<0.05). Recovery from ageusia occurred in only two of 10 patients at the interval of 18 to 20 months after trauma and was not eminent in patients without fracture. Conclusion : One should be alert and seek possibile occurrence of the anosmia and/or ageusia following frontal TBI. It is suggested that recovery is quite less likely if such patients have fractures on the frontal base, and these patients should wait for at least 6 to 18 months to anticipate such recovery if there is no injury to the central olfactory structures.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify the level of knowledge on and stress from delirium among recovery room nurses, and correlations between these factors. Methods: In this study, 125 nurses agreed to participate in the study were surveyed from October 8 to October 28, 2013. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test and Pearson correlation. Results: Average percentage of correct answers to questions about delirium was 81.9% and the mean score was 26.22 (${\pm}5.01$). The mean score for recovery room nurses' work stress from emergency delirium was 3.86 (${\pm}0.99$). Extent of knowledge on delirium significantly differed by age (F=15.017, p<.001), length of clinical experience (F=22.132, p<.001), length of recovery room experience (F=10.538, p<.001), education (F=3.312, p =.040), and marital status (t=4.107, p<.001). Stress from ED was significantly related to age (F=9.185, p<.001), clinical experience (F=7.077, p=.001), and marital status (t=-2.027, p =.045). Knowledge on delirium had a negative relationship with stress from delirium (r=-.514, p<.001). Conclusion: Results show that nurses gained knowledge of delirium from their own clinical experience indicating a need to develop educational programs to improve knowledge on delirium and plans to reduce stress from delirium for recovery room nurses.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.923-928
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• 2022

Wildfire disasters in the United States impact lives and livelihoods by destroying private homes, businesses, community facilities, and infrastructure. Disaster victims suffer from damaged houses, inadequate shelters, inoperable civil infrastructure, and homelessness coupled with long-term recovery and reconstruction processes. Cities and their neighboring communities require an enormous commitment for a full recovery for as long as disaster recovery processes last. State, county, and municipal governments inherently have the responsibility to establish and provide governance and public services for the benefit and well being of community members. Municipal governments' comprehensive and emergency response plans are the artifacts of planning efforts that guide accomplishing those duties. Typically these plans include preparation and response to natural disasters, including wildfires. The standard wildfire planning includes and outlines (1) a wildfire hazard assessment, (2) response approaches to prevent human injury and minimize damage to physical property, and (3) near- and long-term recovery and reconstruction efforts. There is often a high level of detail in the assessment section, but the level of detail and specificity significantly lessons to general approaches in the long-term recovery subsection. This paper aims to document the extent of wildfire preparedness at the county level in general, focusing on the long-term recovery subsections of municipal plans. Based on the identified challenges, the researchers provide recommendations for better longer-term recovery and reconstruction opportunities: 1) building permit requirements, 2) exploration of the use of modular construction, 3) address through relief from legislative requirements, and 4) early, simple, funding, and the aid application process.

• 대한응급의학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2017

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Severity of the initial insult is one of the most significant factors affecting outcome following TBI. In order to investigate the mechanisms of cellular injury and develop novel therapeutic strategies for TBI, we designed a standardized animal TBI model and evaluated histological and functional outcomes according to the degree of impact severity. Methods: Male adult C57Bl/6 mice underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) at varying depths of deflection (1.0-2.0 mm). We performed hematoxylin and eosin staining at 7 days after recovery from TBI. Neurobehavioral characterization after TBI was analyzed by the Barnes maze test, passive avoidance test, open field test, rotarod test, tail suspension test, and light/dark test. Results: We observed a graded injury response according to the degree of deflection depths tested (diameter, 3 mm; velocity, 3 m/s; and duration, 500 ms) compared to sham controls. In the Barnes maze test, the severe TBI (2 mm depth) group showed reduced spatial memory as compared with the sham and mild TBI (1 mm depth) groups at 7 days after TBI. There was a significant difference in the results of the open field test and light/dark test among the three groups. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the graded injury responses following TBI resulted in differential histopathological and behavioral outcomes in a mouse experimental CCI model. Thus, a model of CCI with histologic/behavioral outcome analysis may offer a reliable and convenient design for preclinical TBI research involving mice.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

자체방제계획서는 위험물질의 등급, 주위환경의 피해, 사고대응계획 등으로 구성된 체계적인 관리제도이다. 자체 방제계획서 작성지원 프로그램의 개발 목적은 사고를 예방하고, 사고를 제어할 수 있도록 안전관리 시스템을 각 시설에 제공하는 것이다. 이 프로그램은 MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet), SOP(Standard Operation Procedure), ERP(Emergency Response Plan) 등 일반적인 안전관련 자료를 포함하고 있다. 자체방제계획서는 위험 확인, 평가, 예방 계획, 안전 분석 등으로 구성되어있다. 또한, 자체방제계획서 작성지원 프로그램은 정부 또는 관련 기관이 중소기업에서 발생 가능한 사고를 관리하는데 유용하다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2020

Purpose: Atropine is an antidote used to relieve muscarinic symptoms in patients with organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. Nutritional support via the enteral nutrition (EN) route might be associated with improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. This study examined the administration of nutritional support in patients undergoing atropinization, including methods of supply, outcomes, and complications. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from 2010 to 2018. Forty-five patients, who were administered with atropine and on mechanical ventilation (MV) due to organophosphate or carbamate poisoning, were enrolled. Results: Nutritional support was initiated on the third day of hospitalization. Thirty-three patients (73.3%) were initially supported using parenteral nutrition (PN). During atropinization, 32 patients (71.1%) received nutritional support via EN (9) or PN (23). There was no obvious reason for not starting EN during atropinization (61.1%). Pneumonia was observed in both patient groups on EN and PN (p=0.049). Patients without nutritional support had a shorter MV duration (p=0.034) than patients with nutritional support. The methods of nutritional support during atropinization did not show differences in the number of hospital days (p=0.711), MV duration (p=0.933), duration of ICU stay (p=0.850), or recovery at discharge (p=0.197). Conclusion: Most patients undergoing atropinization were administered PN without obvious reasons to preclude EN. Nutritional support was not correlated with the treatment outcomes or pneumonia. From these results, it might be possible to choose EN in patients undergoing atropinization, but further studies will be necessary.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 긴급복구용 팽창재료의 온도에 따른 팽창량 및 강도의 변화를 컵발포 실험과 일축압축강도 실험을 통하여 물리적 특성을 확인하였고, 장기안전성을 확인하기 위하여 가속 압축 크리프 시험을 진행하였다. 크리프 성능을 평가하기 위하여 단기 크리프 시험과 가속 압축 크리프 실험을 실시하였으며, 단기크리프 실험은 팽창재료의 초기 크리프 변형률을 결정하고 시간-온도 중첩정리가 적용된 단계 등온법은 가속시험방법으로 장기 압축 크리프 성능을 평가하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2004

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, and malodorous 'rotten eggs' gas that results from the decay of organic material. It is a byproduct of industry and agriculture. The mechanism of its toxicity is primarily related to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, which causes a decrease in available cellular energy. Because there is no rapid method of detection that is of clinical diagnostic use, management decisions must be made based on history, clinical presentation, and diagnostic tests that imply hydrogen sulfide's presence. Although there is some anecdotal evidence to suggest that the early use of hyperbaric oxygen is beneficial, supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. We describe an occupational exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas in 51-year-old man. While cleaning the sewage of pigs. he became unconscious. When he arrived in the emergency department, he had irritability and confused mentality. The typical smell of rotten eggs on clothing and exhaled air were enough to be considered to be exposed to hydrogen sulfide. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was performed. He had a recovery to normal function.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

In Korea for 20 years(1993-2012), total number and average annual number of oil spills were 6,608 cases and total volume and average annual volume of oils spilt were $57,328k{\ell}$ and nearly $2,866k{\ell}/year$, respectively. The annual number of oil spills and annual amount of oil spilt tended to decrease with the lapse of year in Korea. As oil transportation worldwide continues to increase, many communities are at risk of oil spill disasters and must anticipate and prepare for them. Factors that influence oil spill consequences are myriad and rage from the biophysical to the social. In this paper, we analysed the emergency response systems and recovery apparatuses for oil spill accident in marine and proposed a developed oil diffusion apparatus which can be used to initial response stage by crew, and to extend golden times. This system can be minimized casualties for rescued people in disaster.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2011

Purpose: Delayed neuropsychological sequelae (DNS) commonly occurs after recovery from acute carbon monoxide poisoning. The aim of this article is to identify the factors associated with DNS development. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients, admitted to the medical center emergency department from June 2005 to March 2011, who were suffering from acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We categorized the patients into two groups - those with DNS, and those without DNS. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors related to manifestation of DNS. Results: Of the total one hundred fifty seven patients (157) recruited for the study, twenty two (22) developed DNS. Longer CO exposure times and lower GCS scores were positively associated with development of DNS symptoms. Conclusion: Our study identified two potential factors which are predictive of DNS development in CO intoxication, however, more studies are needed. Adequate follow-up after hospital discharge to monitor for and accurately identify manifestation of DNS, is also important.