• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2017

Optimizing the conditions for stem cell culture is an essential prerequisite for the efficient utilization of stem cells. In the culture of fish embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or ESC-like cells, embryo extracts are important for stable growth, but there is no rule for determining the developmental stage of the embryos used to obtain extracts. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the developmental stage of extract donor embryos on the culture of Oryzias dancena ESC-like cells. O. dancena ESC-like cells were cultured in different media containing each of four types of embryo extract depending on the developmental stage of the extract donor embryos. Growth, morphology, colony-forming ability, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and embryoid body (EB) formation of the cells were investigated. While the developmental stage of the extract donor embryos did not influence the growth, morphology, AP activity, or EB formation of ESC-like cells, colony-forming ability was affected and the pattern of the effects differed completely between the two ESC-like cells investigated. These results suggest that the developmental stage of extract donor embryos should be selected carefully for the culture of ESC-like cells, according to the research purpose and type of cell line.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.547-552
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• 1993

Soybean nuclear extracts and S-100 were prepared to examine the soybean embryo factors which bind to the upstream region of soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene. SEF3(soybean embryo factor 3), which is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the gene, was detected in gel mobility shift assay using the DNA probe containing two AACCCA hexanucleotides. DNA probe containing CATGCAT or AACACA was used to find any other soybean embryo factor interacting with the upstream region of ${\beta}-Conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene. It was found that there was no common DNA binding protein detected both in nuclear extracts and S-100. The relative levels of SEF3 binding activity both in nuclear extracts and S-100 of maturing soybean seeds were determined. SEF3 activity of nuclear extracts was first detected around 20 days after pollination and significantly increased around 32 days after pollination.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.553-556
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• 1993

Soybean nuclear extracts were prepared to examine the expression of SEF3 (soybean embryo factors 3), which binds to the upstream region of soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene and is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the gene. The relative levels of SEF3 binding activity in nuclear extracts of maturing soybean embryos were determined using the SE3 DNA probe containing two AACCCA hexanucleotides for gel mobility shift assay. The SEF3 activity increased in developing embryos from 16 to 32 days after pollination, whereas the mobility of the SE3-SE3-SEF3 complex decreased. The mobility of the complex was increased by the treatment of nuclear extracts with alkaline phosphatese, which could be inhibited by phosphate. Formation of the SE3-SEF3 complex was not affected by the binding buffer pH between 6.8 and 8.5.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.365-370
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a major cause of cancer. This study investigated the effects of the ethanol extracts from germinated and non-germinated Keunnunjami rice, a blackish-purple pigmented cultivar with giant embryo, on selected human cancer cell lines and on the antioxidant defense system of mice fed with a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: High fat-fed mice were orally administered with either distilled water (HF) or extracts (0.25%, w/w) from brown (B), germinated brown (GB), Keunnunjami (K), and germinated Keunnunjami (GK) rice. RESULTS: In comparison with the brown rice extract, Keunnunjami extract showed higher anticancer effect against cervical and gastric cell lines but lower anticancer activity on liver and colon cancer cells. Mice from the HF group showed significantly higher lipid peroxidation and lower antioxidant enzyme activities than the control group. However, the oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet markedly decreased in B, GB, K, and GK groups as compared with the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: Germination may be an effective method for improving the anticancer and antioxidative properties of Keunnunjami rice and extracts from germinated Keunnunjami rice may serve as a therapeutic agent against cervical and gastric cancers and oxidative damage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 1995

Soybean nuclear extracts were prepared to detect SEF3(soybean embryo factor 3), which is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin\;{\alpha}'$ subunit gene. To increase the specific activity of DNA probe during labeling with $[{\alpha}-^{32}P]$dATP, dATP was added to a final concentration of 1.1 mM during the chase reaction. It results in approximately four-fold increase of specific activity of the DNA probe. Effects of several modifications in preparation of soybean nuclear extracts were examined. It was found that glycerol is effective to stabilize SEF3 during the preparation of nuclear extracts and polyethylenimine could be used to increase the specific activity of SEF3 in nuclear extracts.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 1982

In order to investigate the side-effects of crude drugs, twenty drugs have been tested for the teratogenic effect in rats. Among seven drugs contained alkaloid as their ingredients, no one showed teratogenic effect, but Veratri rhizoma showed embryo-toxic as revealed by severe retardation in growth of the fetuses. The other thirteen drugs which have been used freguently in oriental medicines exhibited no teratogenic effect. Cyclophosphamide used as a reference compound showed severe malformation and retardation in the growth of rat fetuses. These findings suggest that the drug extracts adopted for the study might have no teratogenic effect in the rats.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.258-268
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• 2019

The extracts of AS contain in alloxanthin, halocynthiaxanthin, astaxanthin and 13 kinds of carotenoids. The aim of the study was to assess the anti-oxidant activity and cell viability of AS. The anti-oxidant activity was determined by using DPPH radical inhibition activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The results of cell viability assay showed that the extracts from AS were cytotoxic at concentrations above $5.0mg/m{\ell}$. This study was designed to examine inflammation induced by LPS, protection effect by UVB and the toxicity of Ascidian shell extract(ASE) as a functional cosmetic ingredient. Evaluation of embryo toxicity resulted in embryo coagulation and mortality when treated at 5.0, 10.0, $20.0mg/m{\ell}$. At the lowest concentration of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$, hatchability resulted in 100.0 % rate. The results of arrhythmia measurement in larvae showed similarity to the evaluation of embryo toxicity. This result demonstrated that toxicity is present at concentrations greater than $5.0mg/m{\ell}$. The protective effect of ASE on LPS and UVB-induced in the zebrafish was investigated. Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated by the exposure of zebrafish to LPS, UVB-radiation were significantly decreased after treatment with ASE at $0.1mg/m{\ell}$. As a result, ASE similarly reduced UVB-induced ROS generation and cell death in live zebrafsih. Therefore, it is suggested that ASE has anti-Inflammatory effects and can possibly be used as a functional substance for skin protection in the future.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1989

Effects of dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng on primary cultured chicken embryonic brain cells were studied by microscopic observation and determination of the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Brain cells were prepared from the brain of 10-day-old chicken embryo and cultured with either a standard medium consisted of 85% Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), 10% horse serum and 5% chicken embryonic extracts or a deficient medium consisted of 90% DMEM and 10% horse serum. It was observed that dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng seemed to show the tendency to stimulate the neurite outgrowth of brain cells which were cultured with a deficient medium under microscopic observation. The activity of PDHC in brain cells cultured with a deficient medium was increased by dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.127-141
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts on the preadipocytes proliferation in 3T3-L1 cell line, lipolysis of adipocytes in rat's epididymal adipocytes and localized fat accumulation of porcine by extraction methods(alcohol and water). Methods : Diminish preadipocytes proliferation and promote lipolysis of adipocytes do primary role to reduce obesity. So, we used 3T3-L1 mouse embryo fibroblasts(preadipocytes) and rat epididymal adipocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts on the preadipocytes proliferation, lipolysis of adipocytes. They were treated with 0.01, 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ Chowiseungcheng-tang alcohol and water extracts. And for the purpose of investigating the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang alcohol and water extracts on the localized fat accumulation, we injected 0.1, 1.0, $10.0mg/m{\ell}$ Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts to porcine fat tissues and observed histological changes of them. Results : Following results were obtained from the preadipocytes proliferation and lipolysis of adipocytes and histological investigation of fat tissues. 1. Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts suppressed preadipocytes proliferation on the high dosage(especially $1.0mg/m{\ell}$), and especially alcohol extracts had better effects. 2. The alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) on the concentrations of 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$. Alcohol extracts had better effects than water extracts. 3. Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts increased lipolysis of adipocytes on the concentrations of 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$, and especially on the concentration of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ alcohol extract of Chowiseungcheng-tang had better effect. 4. The water extract of Chowiseungcheng-tang had significant activity to the destruction of porcine fat cell membranes only on the concentration of $10.0mg/m{\ell}$, but alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang had it on all concentrations. Conclusions : The alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang had much better effects on the preadipoeytes proliferaton, lipolysis of adipocytes and localized fat accumulation than water extracts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2002

Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis has recently been reported in young women who have been on a slimming regimen including chinese herbs. Aristolochic acid, suspected as the causal factor of this renal disease, is a well known carcinogen. It has been known that Madouling (Aristolochiae fructus) contains aristolochic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Madouling, Madouling-tang, which are the extract mixture from 10 different chinese herbs including Madouling, and aristolochic acid on reproductive and developmental toxicity. Female rats were administered orally with the extracts of Madouling, madouling-tang, and aristolochic acid from 14 days before mating to day 17 of gestation. Madouling (8mg/kg) decreased fertility in the 8mg/kg group, but Madouling-tang and aristolochic acids did not. Significant decrease of mean fetal body weights were observed in the 16mg/kg group of aristolochic acids. External, visceral and skeletal malformation of fetuses were not observed with treatment. Histopathological examination showed the discrete damage of kidney in the 8mg/kg group of Madouling and 16mg/kg groups of aristolochic acid. In whole embryo culture, Madouling and Madouling-tang caused the retardation of growth and development of embryo in the dose of 1 $\mu$g/ml and 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively while aristolochic acids showed the similar effect in the dose of 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. These results indicate that Madouling, up to 0.05mg/kg (prescription dose to human) has no adverse effects on the fertility, reproduction and development of Sprague-Dawley rats.