• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1998

The purpose of present study is to clarify the differences between EIslwitzia Ciliata (Thunb.) Hylander(향유) and Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maekawa (꽃향유) for standardization and the proper usage as medicinal herbs. The major ingredients of both species were isolated by distillation and extraction. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of major distillates were carried out by the use of GC/MS. There was a significant difference between the components of Elsholtzia ciliata and Elsholtzia splendens in the aspects of major components. Several common ingredients were identified as linalool, cumene, elsholtzia ketone, naginata ketone isomer, naginata ketone, myristicin, and sesquiterpene alcohol. Comparison between Elsholtzia. ciliata and Elsholtzia splendens was done in the aspect of major compounds. Myristicin (33.7%) has been shown to be the major component in Elsholtzia ciliata whereas naginata ketone isomer (26.1%) was believed to be a major ingredient in Elsholtzia splendens. The elsholtzia ketone was also one of the major differentiating factors between Elsholtzia splendens and Elsholtzia ciliata, and the quantity is 15.1% in Elslwltzia splendens compared to 2.87% in Elsholtzia ciliata. Moreover, in the Elsholtzia splendens, 4- vinylguaiacol and isoosmorhizole were absent, but both compounds were present in the EIsholtzia ciliata.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the composition of flavor components of Elsholtzia ciliata and Eisholtzia splendens in order to obtain basic informations for the application of tobacco and food industry. Flavor components extracted were divided into three fractions ; essential oil, absolute and oleoresin from E. ciliata and E. splendens. Essential oil was extracted by simultaneous steam distillation(SDE), absolute and oleoresin were extracted by $100\%$ n-hexane and $50\%$ ethanol, respectively. Yields of the essential oil, absolute and oleoresin fractions from E. ciliata were $0.34\%,\;11.34\%\;and\;15.24\%,$ and those from E. splendends were $0.28\%,\;12.45\%\;and\;9.95\%$, respectively. The major components of essential oil of E. ciliata were naginata ketone$(29.37\%)$, elsholtzia ketone$(14.37\%)$ and rosefuran$(11.76\%)$. The major components of essential oil of E. splendens were 2-cyclohexen-1-one$(26.81\%)$, elsholtzia ketone$(13.46\%)$ and naginata ketone$(5.26\%).$ The composition of flavor components showed a slight difference between essential oils of E. ciliata and E. splendens. The major components of absolute fraction from E. ciliata were linoleic acid$(12.07\%),$ palmitic acid$(10.46\%)$ and 2-cyclohexene-1-one$(5.39\%).$ And those from E. splendens were linoleic acid$(12.38\%),$ palmitic acid$(9.47\%)$ and naginata ketone$(8.86\%).$ Ethyl linoleolate was a major component in oleoresin of E. ciliata and E. splendens.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2006

본 연구는 항유 추출물의 화장품 원료로서의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 항산화, 미백 및 항염 효과와 관련된 다양한 실험을 실시하였다. 30%, 70% 그리고 100% 메탄올로 추출한 각각의 향유 추출물을 대상으로 실험한 결과 DPPH 라디칼 소거 효과는 30%와 70% 추출물들은 0.025% 이상의 농도에서, 100% 추출물은 0.1% 이상의 농도에서 80%의 효과를 나타내었다. 세포내 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과는 각각의 용매별 추출물 모두 0.1% 이상의 농도에서 80%의 효과를 나타내었다. 이후 70% 메탄을 추출물을 대상으로 MPLC를 사용하여 성분 분리 실험을 실시한 결과 4개의 분획들을 얻었고, 이들을 대상으로 실험한 결과 1번, 2번 그리고 3번 분획들에서 항산화(DPPH 라니칼 소거, Mn-SOD 생성 억제), 미백(멜라닌 생성 억제) 그리고 항염($IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-6, COX-2, Total NO 생성 억제)효과를 나타내었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2016

The present GC-MS analysis elucidated the composition of the essential oil obtained from the herb of Elsholtzia ciliata(Lamiaceae). Overall, the content of monoterpenes was higher than that of sesquiterpenes. Monoterpenes rich in this oil were carvone (peak area, 26.180%), camphor (2.304%), borneol (9.974%), dihydrocarveol (3.296%), ${\alpha}$-citral (=geranial, 4.025%), geranic acid (2.961%), while sesquiterpenes occupying relatively higher percentage were ${\alpha}$-humulene (0.918%), (-)-spathulenol (0.974%), ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene oxide (2.014%), globulol (1.362%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene oxide (0.750%). The components characterizing this oil were 1-octen-3-ol, acetophenone, and butylated hydroxytoluene. The $IC_{50}$ of this oil on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were $42.37{\mu}g/ml$ and $121.34{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, suggesting that the essential oil of E. ciliata may be active on the memory loss of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2010

The essential oil fraction was extracted from the aerial parts of the plant by steam distillation method and its composition was analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) which led to the identification of 43 compounds. Dehydroelsholtzia ketone (56.81%) and elsholtzia ketone (30.05%) were identified as the predominant components of this oil. The antibacterial activities of the essential oil fraction were assessed by micro-dilution tests against antibioticsusceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and S. typhimurium. The oil inhibited most of the tested strains significantly resulting MICs (minimum inhibiting concentrations) between 2 mg/ml and >16 mg/ml. In most cases of this study Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus showed higher sensitivity to this oil than Salmonella strains.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2005

This study was to evaluate the biological activity of flavor components extracted from E. ciliata and E. splendens in order to survey the possibility applicable to tobacco and food industry. Flavor components were extracted with dividing into three parts; essential oil, absolute, oleoresin. In the nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation system, the inhibition rate($\%$) of essential oil were $67.3\;\pm\;20.7\%,\;58.1\;\pm\;19.3\%$ at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ of E. ciliata and E. splendens, respectively. The inhibition rate($\%$) of the oleoresin in E. ciliata was higher than one in E. splendens. In the enzymatic lipid peroxidation system, the inhibition rate($\%$) of essential oil and oleoresin was$14.28\;\pm\;2.38\%,\;and\;65.93\;\pm\;0.01\%,\;and\;was\;22.58\;\pm\;2.84\%\;and\;40.73\;pm\;6.04\%$. The oleoresin of two species were showed above $90\%$ of the inhibition rate($90\%$) against autooxidative lipid peroxidation system. $EC_{50}$ values in neutral red uptake assays 24 h of exposure times were $23.3\;{\mu}g/mL,\;341.0\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;17.2\;{\mu}g/mL$ in essential oil, absolute and oleoresin from E. ciliata respectively, and were $46.4\;{\mu}g/mL,\;681.7\;{\mu}g/mL\;17.6\;{\mu}g/mL$ in three extractions of E. splendens. Oleoresin of two species showed high rate in the cytotoxic effect by neutral red uptake assay. Absolute and oleoresin did not show antibiotic and mutagenic activity. On the contrary, essential oil with over 500 ug/plate showed antibiotic and mutagenic activity in Ames test. Essential oil and oleoresin have a prolongating effect the ciliostasis of rat trachea. This results indicate that flavor components extracted from E. ciliata and E. splendens can be considered to be toxicological safe and to be the possibility applicable the cigarette, food and drug industry as a flavor for expectoration.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2006

초임계추출법을 이용하여 향유로부터 정유물질을 추출하여 향기성분과 항산화물질을 최대로 추출할 수 있는 최적조건을 반응표면 분석법으로 얻고자 하였다. 추출물의 품질특성으로는 yield, total phenolics, electron donating ability 등을 분석하였으며 주요 향기성분으로는 estrgole과 L-carvone을 선정하였다. 반응변수들은 추출시간보다는 온도의 변화에 따라 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 측정된 변수에 대하여 수립된 회귀식은 높은 결정계수값을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 추출시간보다는 압력이 더 큰 변수로 작용하여 1% 이내의 유의성이 있었으며 이차 회귀식에 대한 적합성 결여분석 결과 수립된 반응표면 모형이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 능선분석을 통하여 각 변수에 대한 최적점과 추출조건을을 예측하였으며, 최적 추출조건은 실험구간내에서 추출물의 특성값을 최대로 할수 있는 조건을 제한조건하였을 때 최적조건은 238 bar, 42분이었다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2010

Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Korean name "Hyung- Gae") is an oriental medicinal plant that is widely used in Korea, China and Japan. S. tenuifolia (Hyung-Gae) has many pharmacological activities and is mostly used for many medicinal preparations. The dried aerial part (spikes and stems) of three oriental medicinal plants, S. tenuifolia (Hyung-Gae), Agastache rugosa (Kwhak-Hyang) and Elsholtzia ciliata (Hyang-Yoo) belonging to the same family, mint family Labiaceae, have such similar shape and smell that it is difficult to differentiate between them. The trnL-F regions of chloroplast DNA of the three medicinal plants were sequenced and used as targets in multiplex PCR reaction to identify S. tenuifolia. After alignment of trnL-F sequences of the authenticated plant samples, one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) specific to S. tenuifolia was found. Based on this SNP, a new primer was designed that specifically amplifies the trnL-F region of S. tenuifolia. The established multiplex-PCR was proven to be effective in the differentiation of commercial S. tenuifolia samples from A. rugosa and E. ciliata. This rapid and accurate molecular method is highly promising for use in the food industry.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2004

한약재 향유의 정유성분, absolute 및 oleoresin을 추출분리 동정하고, 지질과산화 억제활성, 세포독성, 돌연변이 유발성 검정 및 거담효과 등의 생리활성을 측정하였다. 향유의 정유성분의 수율은 0.34%이었으며, naginate ketone이 29.37%와 elsholtizia ketone이 14.37%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 향유의 absolutes의 수율은 11.33%이었으며, methyl linolenate가 12.07%이었고, palmitic acid 10.46% 비율로 존재하고 있었다. 향유의 oleoresins의 수율은 15.24%이었으며, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid가 18.62%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있었다. 세 방법의 지질과산화 억제활성시험에서 향유의 정유성분과 oleoresins을 $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 농도로 처리했을 때 지질과산화를 잘 억제하였으나. absolutes는 같은 농도에서 거의 억제하지 못하였다. 향유의 정유성분과 oleoresins은 24시간에서 $EC_{50}$값이 $25\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$이하로 고농도에서만 약간의 세포독성이 있으며, 향유의 absolues와 oleoresins은 고 농도에서도 돌연변이 유발성과 향균성이 나타나지 않았으나 정유성분은 $500\;{\mu}g/plate$ 이상 처리시 돌연변이 유발성 뿐만 아니라 항균성도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 향유의 정유성분과 oleoresins은 약간의 거담효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

Elsholtzia hallasanensis, E. springia, and E. splendens var. fasciflora (Lamiaceae) were reported recently as new species or new varieties of E. splendens according to their morphological characteristics. To reappraise the taxonomic status of these additional taxa and to determine the relationships between all Korean Elsholtzia taxa except E. saxatilis, which is distributed in North Korea, molecular studies based on the nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (rpl16, and trnH-psbA) sequences of seven taxa of Elsholtzia and one outgroup were carried out. The molecular data support that E. angustifolia and E. minima are distinct species from E. splendens and E. ciliata, respectively, because they have several private marker genes and show monophyly. The molecular data also support that E. splendens has a very close taxonomic relationship with both E. hallasanensis and E. springia. We found that E. splendens var. fasciflora, with multiple inflorescence, was based on several private marker genes and on the monophyly of its trees, suggesting that it can be considered as a variety. Elsholtzia springia, with the same sequences and the same morphological characteristics with E. hallasanensis after transplanting, should be treated as a synonym of E. hallasanensis. Moreover, we consider the taxonomic status of E. hallasanensis as E. splendens var. hallasanensis (Y. Lee) N.S. Lee & C.S. Lee, stat. nov.