• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2010

The effect of altitude and latitude on biodiversity (or species richness) has been a topic of great interest for many biogeographers for a long time. This study was conducted to examine the dynamics of species richness of aquatic insects along the altitudinal gradient in 24 wetlands on Mt. Halla, Jeju and test the Rapoport's rule. The species richness of aquatic insects monotonically decreased with increasing altitude, showing a significant inverse correlation (r = -0.64). However, the pattern of species richness with altitude showed a hump-shaped relationship, with a peak in species richness at intermediate elevations when the effects of area were removed. The altitudinal range of species tended to increase with increasing altitude, as Rapoport's rule predicts. There was a positive correlation between the altitudinal range size and the midpoint of the range size (Median) except for Hemiptera (Odonata: r = 0.75, Hemiptera: r = -0.22, Coleoptera: r = 0.72, Total: r = 0.55). Also, the extent of average altitudinal range of high-altitude species was 904.3m, and it was significantly wider than a 469.5m of low-altitude species. Consequently, the species richness of aquatic insects in wetlands on Mt. Halla along the altitudinal gradient well supported Rapoport's rule.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.350-357
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• 2017

This study was conducted as a post - study on the development of a centralized controller and a hydraulic lift system including structural analysis and remote control for the development of a vertically elevated car. The safety review was carried out through the structural modification of the elevator lift which was developed during the previous research. 3D modeling was performed with Solidworks, and a model of finite element was created through Hypermesh S / W. In addition, the loading environment of the work vehicle for the evaluation is a condition in which the loading amount is 250 kg per position (total, upper, upper, lower, and lower) on the work table, ), The structural analysis was carried out under the condition that the load was 600 kg, and safety was examined in various aspects. As a result, when the allowable load of 250 kg and the excess load of 600 kg are excluded (except Case-11), the stress level is below the yield strength. In the case of Case-11, there is a region exceeding the yield strength at the center support portion of the safety bar at the upper end even after excluding the component which generates the maximum stress, but it does not affect the safety aspect of the whole structure Respectively. Looking at the deflection results, it can be seen that in all cases the maximum deflection occurs in the same table, and the tendency of sagging in both 250 kg and 600 kg is the same.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2004

The yeongok stream originates at the natural park, Mt. O-dae and flows to the East Sea of korea, normally maintaining I or II grade of water quality and its average water flux is 352,100 ㎥/d. However, the typhoon 'Rusa', which occured on 31 August 2002, changed its watercourse and configuration, and the ecosystem was deeply damaged. Moreover, the hydrological characteristics were once more transformed, and the ecosystem was secondarily damaged during repair-work of destroyed bridges and elevations. After the flood disaster, the species diversity diminished 17% for attached diatom and 44% for aquatic animals. However, the earth and sand, dug from river bed during intensive repair-work throughout the entire stream, made diversity drop to 32% for the diatom and the aquatic animals were wiped out. Especially, fishes were totally destroyed except for some species such as Moroco oxycephalus in the upper stream. The yeongok stream has little contamination source and short water residence time due to the short length and rapid slope, and consequently a temporary deterioration of water quality caused by repair-work may be rapidly recovered, but it needs a long time to restore the damaged ecosystem.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.135-146
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• 2015

To provide the data necessary to determine the design wind speed for calculating the wind load acting on a greenhouse, we measured the wind speed below 10m height and analyzed the power law exponents at Buan and Gunwi. A wind speed greater than $5m{\cdot}s^{-1}$ is appropriate for calculating the power law exponent necessary to determine the wind speed distribution function according to height. We observed that the wind speed increased according to a power law function with increased height at Buan, showing a similar trend to the RDC and JGHA standards. Therefore, this result should be applied when determining the power law function for calculating the design wind speed of the greenhouse structure. The ordinary trend is that if terrain roughness increases the value of power law exponent also increases, but in the case of Gunwi the value of power law exponent was 0.06, which shows contrary value than that of the ordinary trend. This contrary trend was due to the elevations difference of 2m between tower installed and surrounding area, which cause contraction in streamline. The power law exponent started to decrease at 7 am, stopped decreasing and started to increase at 3 pm, and stopped increasing and remained constant at 12 pm at Buan. These changes correspond to the general change trends of the power law exponent. The calculated value of the shape parameter for Buan was 1.51, confirming that the wind characteristics at Buan, a reclaimed area near the coast, were similar to those of coastal areas in Jeju.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2011

The secretion of insulin from pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells is triggered by the influx of $Ca^{2+}$ through voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels. The resulting elevation of intracellular calcium ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) triggers additional $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal stores. Less well understood are the mechanisms involved in $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization from internal stores after activation of $Ca^{2+}$ influx. The mobilization process is known as calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). In this study, our goal was to investigate the existence of and the role of caffeine-sensitive ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in a rat pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell line, INS-1 cells. To measure cytosolic and stored $Ca^{2+}$, respectively, cultured INS-1 cells were loaded with fura-2/AM or furaptra/AM. $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was repetitively increased by caffeine stimulation in normal $Ca^{2+}$ buffer. However, peak $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was only observed after the first caffeine stimulation in $Ca^{2+}$ free buffer and this increase was markedly blocked by ruthenium red, a RyR blocker. KCl-induced elevations in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ were reduced by pretreatment with ruthenium red, as well as by depletion of internal $Ca^{2+}$ stores using cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) or caffeine. Caffeine-induced $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization ceased after the internal stores were depleted by carbamylcholine (CCh) or CPA. In permeabilized INS-1 cells,$Ca^{2+}$ release from internal stores was activated by caffeine, $Ca^{2+}$, or ryanodine. Furthermore, ruthenium red completely blocked the CICR response in perrneabilized cells. RyRs were widely distributed throughout the intracellular compartment of INS-1 cells. These results suggest that caffeine-sensitive RyRs exist and modulate the CICR response from internal stores in INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.138-149
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• 2015

In order to search for the reasonable planning directions for representing traditional landscape, this study conducted the comparative analysis of the designs on the panels and their constructions from both winners of "The Landscape Design Competitions for City Infrastructure of Minlak(2) District in Uijeongbu" and "The Design Competition for Dongtan(2) District Land Development Phase 1". The representing targets and views, the composition and placement of representing space, the design of representing facilities and landscape planting were examined based on the text, master plans, elevations and cross sections, diagrams, images, and perspective drawings proposed from the competition panels. Then, the landscape constructions were reviewed. The results are as follows: First, the types of the representing targets and views are the agricultural landscape, as the local landscape of target area, which are divided into the life space of a traditional village, the traditional water space, and the traditional culture. Second, as to the composition and placement of representing space, the traditional theme spaces are formulated considering the surrounding land use and the local cultural heritage. However, some spaces were changed to the exercise space or convenient facility spaces required in a neighborhood park. Third, in the case of the representing facilities, a round island in the square pond, a traditional pavilion and Hwagye(terraced flower bed) were made without the facilities designed creatively. Fourth, the application of traditional planting techniques was focused on planting trees in the village forest on an island in the square pond and on Hwagye. Fifth, the traditional representing work has gradually advanced with the selection of subject and experimental facility designs based on the professional references. Sixth, the choice of the realizable subject, the expertise for information analysis and the creative design of the traditional facility are required in the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.911-920
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• 2010

The closed water bodies, such as reservoirs and lakes, could be contaminated by an inflow of pollutants in the upstream as well as a stratification caused by seasonal natural phenomena. The vertical circulation particularly plays an important role in reduction of environmental pollutants. The factors of the vertical circulation are the temperature, wind, thermal diffusivity and sunlight. The wind is probably the most significant factor among them. Thus, it is necessary to describe the validation and application of a three-dimensional numerical model of wind-induced circulation in a thermally stratified flow. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model for the thermally stratified flows is presented. The model is conducted in three steps to calculate the velocity components from the momentum equations in x- and y- axis directions, the elevations from the free surface equation and the temperature from the scalar transport equation. Numerical predictions are compared with available analytical solutions for the sloshing free surface movement in a rectangular basin. The numerical results generally show a reasonable agreement with analytical solutions. And the model is applied to the circulation for the wind induced flow in a thermally stratification. Consequently, the developed model is validated by two verifications and phenomena of the internal flow.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2009

The characteristics, intensity and direction of groundwater.surface water interactions are controlled by groundwater head gradients, hydraulic conductivity and by the riverbed geometry. As a result of the spatial heterogeneity of these factors and the subsequent variability of the impact of these interaction processes, the water balance is also characterized by highly variable spatial patterns and temporal dynamics. However, spatially detailed studies concerning the spatio-temporal variability of the extent and intensity of surface-groundwater interactions have been limited to the investigation of cross-sections or small stream reaches. Thus, the extensive study on the watershed based interaction between surface water and groundwater is to be analyzed. In this study, the intensity and the spatial extent of interactions along the stream were found by using integrated SWAT-MODFLOW model. This integrated modeling approach was applied to Anyangcheon watershed in Korea. The effluent stream characteristics were found in the watershed, namely, baseflow was annually discharged except heavy rainy periods. The intensity and the spatial extent of surface-groundwater interactions in different sub-watersheds were found on a daily basis. The influential extent of surface-groundwater interaction become larger as the watershed elevations are lower.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.338-346
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• 2015

The present work was undertaken to address the role of protein disulfide isomerase 2 (Pdi2) in the mercury-tolerance of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, using the Pdi2-overexpressing recombinant plasmid pYPDI2 and the corresponding vector plasmid pRS316. When exposed to mercuric chloride, the PDI2 overepxression cells grew significantly better than the vector control cells. They revealed the lower levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), when incubated with mercuric chloride for 6 h, than the vector control cells. The PDI2 overepxression cells contained the higher levels of total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than the vector control cells, after 6 h of incubation in mercuric chloride. However, the PDI2 overepxression cells contained similar levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, compared to those of the vector control cells. Taken together, the S. pombe Pdi2 promotes the tolerance against mercury toxicity through up-regulating total GSH and SOD and subsequently attenuating ROS and NO elevations.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.132-142
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• 2003

A significant deficiency of most computer models used for stream floodplain analysis, is that the locations of structures impacted by flood waters, such as roads, buildings, and bridges, cannot be effectively compared to the floodplain location. The purpose of this study is the integration of the HEC River Analysis System(HEC-RAS) with ArcView geographic information system to develop a regional model for floodplain determination and representation. Also this study presents to enable two- and three-dimensional floodplain mapping and analysis in the ArcView. The methodology is applied to a Yeoju of Kyunggi-do, located in South Han River Basin. A digital terrain model is synthesized from HEC-RAS cross-sectional data and a digital elevation model of the study area. The flood plain data developed in ArcView was imported into HEC-RAS where it was combined with the field surveyed channel data in order to construct full floodplain cross sections that reflected accurate channel and overbank data for the HEC-RAS model. The flood plain limits could be expressed more accurately on ArcView by using water level data to be computed in HEC-RAS program. The computed water surface elevations and information of cross-section must be manually plotted in order to delineate floodplains. The resulting of this study provided a good representation of the general landscape and contained additional detail within the stream channel. Overall, the results of the study indicate that GIS combined with HEC-RAS is proven to be very useful and efficient for the automatic generation of flood maps, and an effective environment for floodplain mapping and analysis.