• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.214-225
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• 2023

Piezoelectric actuators, which utilize piezoelectric crystals or ceramics, are commonly used in precision positioning applications, offering high-speed response and precise control. However, the use of low-performance ceramics and expensive single crystals is limiting their versatile use in the actuator market, necessitating the development of both high-performance and cost-effective piezoelectric materials capable of delivering higher forces and displacements. The use of textured Pb (lead)-based piezoelectric ceramics formed by so-called templated grain growth method has been identified as a promising strategy to address the performance and cost issue. This review article provides insights into recent advances in texturing Pb-based piezoelectric ceramics for improved performance in actuation applications. We discussed the relevant issues in detail focusing on current challenges and emerging trends in the textured piezoelectric ceramics for their reliability and performance in actuator applications. We discussed in detail focusing on current challenges and emerging trends of textured piezoelectric ceramics for their reliability and performance in actuator applications. In conclusion, the article provides an outlook on the future direction of textured piezoelectric ceramics in actuator applications, highlighting the potential for further success in this field.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.284-289
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• 2014

The effects of additives (Nb, Bi and Cr) on the microstructure, varistor properties, and aging behavior of V/Mn/Co/ La/Dy co-doped zinc oxide ceramics were systematically investigated. An analysis of the microstructure showed that all of the ceramics that were modified with various additives were composed of zinc oxide grain as the main phase, and secondary phases such as $Zn_3(VO_4)_2$, $ZnV_2O_4$, and $DyVO_4$. The $Bi_2O_3$-modified samples exhibited the lowest density, the $Nb_2O_5$-modified sample exhibited the largest average grain size, and the $Cr_2O_3$-modified samples exhibited the highest breakdown field. All additives improved the non-ohmic coefficient (${\alpha}$) by either a small or a large margin, and in particular an $Nb_2O_5$ additive noticeably increased the non-ohmic coefficient to be as large as 36. The $Bi_2O_3$-modified samples exhibited the highest stability with variation rates for the breakdown field and for the non-ohmic coefficient (${\alpha}$) of -1.2% and -26.3%, respectively, after application of a DC accelerated aging stress of 0.85 EB/$85^{\circ}C$/24 h.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.375-378
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• 2015

In this study, in order to develop the composition ceramics with the excellent electrocaloric properties, $(Pb_{0.88}La_{0.08})(Zr_{0.65}Ti_{0.35})O_3$ ceramics were fabricated by the conventional solid-state method. Electrocaloric effects of $(Pb_{0.88}La_{0.08})(Zr_{0.65}Ti_{0.35})O_3$ ferroelectric ceramics were investigated and discussed using the characteristics of P-E hysteresis loops at wide temperature range from room temperature to $220^{\circ}C$. The temperature change ${\Delta}T$ due to the electrocaloric effect was calculated by Maxwell's relations, and reached the maximum of ~0.19 at $190^{\circ}C$ under applied electric field of 30 kV/cm.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.308-311
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• 2015

V₂O₅/Mn₃O₄/Nb₂O₅ codoped zinc oxide varistor ceramics were sintered at a temperature range as low as 875~950℃. The voltage clamping characteristics of V₂O₅/Mn₃O₄/Nb₂O₅ codoped zinc oxide varistor ceramics were investigated at a pulse current range of 1~50 A. The sintering temperature had a significant effect on clamp voltage ratio, which exhibits surge protection capabilities. The varistor ceramics sintered at 875℃ exhibited the best clamping characteristics, in which the clamp voltage ratio was 2.69 at a pulse current of 50 A. The varistor ceramics sintered at 900℃ exhibited the highest electrical stability, where = 3,824 V/cm (initial 3,909 V/cm), and E_{1 mA/cm²} = 27 (initial 39) after application of a pulse current of 100 A.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.475-480
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• 2001

Glasses in he system CuO-P$_2$O$_{5}$ -Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ -Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ -V$_2$O$_{5}$ were prepared by a press-quenching method on the copper plate. the glass-ceramics from these glasses were obtained by post-heat treatment, and the crystallization behavior and DC conductivities were determined. The conductivities of the glasses were range from 10$^{-6}$ s.$cm^{-1}$ / at room temperature ,but the conductivities of the glass-ceramics were 10$^{-3}$ s.$cm^{-1}$ / increased by 10$^3$ order. The crystalline product in the glass-ceramics was CuV$_2$O$_{6}$ . the crystal growth of CuV$_2$O$_{6}$ phase increased with heat-treatment conditions. The linear relationship between il($\sigma$T) and T$^{-1}$ suggested that the electrical conduction in the present glass-ceramics would be due to a small polaron hopping(SPH) mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2007

In this study, in order to develop multilayer ceramics vibrator for ultrasonic nozzle, PMN-PNN-PZT ceramics were fabricated using $Li_{2}CO_{3}-Na_{2}_CO_{3}$ as sintering aids and their piezoelectric and dielectric characteristics were investigated according to the amount of PbO. With increasing PbO contents, secondary phases were increased and phase structure was changed from tetragonal structure to rhombohedral structure and also electromechanical coupling factor was linearly decreased. At the composition ceramics with the sintering temperature of $870^{\circ}C$ and 1 mol% excess PbO, density, electromechanical coupling factor, dielectric constant, piezoelectric d constant and mechanical quality factor showed the optimum value of $7.879\;g/cm^{3}$, 0.55, 1149, 328 pC/N, 1224, respectively for multilayer ceramics vibrator application for ultrasonic nozzle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2007

In this study, in order to. develop the low temperature sintering ceramics for multilayer piezoelectric actuator, PMN-PNN-PZT ceramics using CuO, $Bi_{2}O_{3}\;and\;Li_{2}CO_{3}$ as sintering aids were manufactured with the amount of $WO_{3}$ addition. The ceramics were sintered at $900,\;930,\;960^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thereafter, their microstructural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. The $WO_{3}$ was proved to lower the sintering temperature of piezoelectric ceramics due to the effects of PbO and $WO_{3}$ liquid phase. At 0.3 wt% $WO_{3}$ added specimen sintered at $930^{\circ}C$, electromechanical coupling factor($k_{p}$), mechanical quality factor($Q_{m}$), dielectric constant and $d_{33}$ showed the optimum values as the values of 0.60, 1,402, 1,440 and 360 pC/N, respectively, for multilayer piezoelectric actuator application.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.821-826
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• 2005

In this paper, in order to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, $(Li_{0.04}Na_{0.44}K_{0.52)(Nb_{0.86}Ta_{0.10}Sb_{0.04})O_3$ ceramics were fabricated with the variation of calcination temperature and sintering temperature. The ceramics couldn't be sintered at temperature less than $1110^{\circ}C$ and showed the highest density at calcination temperature of $800^{\circ}C$. Crystal structure of the ceramics showed pseudo-tetragonal phase. At the calcination temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ and sintering temperature of $1110^{\circ}C$, the optimal values of $density=4.64g/cm^3,\;kp=0.45,\;{\varepsilon}r=1336,\;d_{33}=254pC/N\;and\;Tc=335^{\circ}C$ were obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.976-980
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• 2001

In this study, P $b_{0.88}$(L $a_{a}$N $d_{l-a}$)$_{0.08}$(M $n_{1}$3/S $b_{2}$3/)$_{0.02}$ $Ti_{0.98}$ $O_3$system ceramics were manufactured for 20 MHz class resonator application. Electromechanical coupling factor, mechanical quality factor and dynamic range of 3rd overtone thickness vibration mode were measured as the variations of La and Nd molar ratio. Mechanical quality factor and dynamic range at $\alpha$=0.6 composition ceramics showed the highest value of 2, 691 and 52.37 dB, respectively. The tempearture coefficient of resonant frequency measured from -2$0^{\circ}C$ to 8$0^{\circ}C$ showed an excellent value of 5ppm/$^{\circ}C$ at $\alpha$ = 1 composition ceramics. ceramics.s.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.657-661
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• 2002

PZT powder was prepared by partial oxalate method using $(Zr_{0.53}Ti_{0.47})O_2$, $Pb(NO_3)_2$ and $(COOH)_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ as a precipitant. $Nb_2O_5$ additive effect on microstructure and piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics were investigated. The coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases of PZT ceramics at the sintering temperature of $1100^{\circ}C$ was revealed from the X-ray diffraction patterns. The grain size PZT ceramics was decreased with the increase $Nb^{5+}$. and the sinterbility of PZT ceramics was decreased with the increase $Nb^{5+}$ addition. The electromechanical coupling factors $K_p$ show above 0.60 at $1100^{\circ}C$ sintering temperature by $Nb_2O_5$ addition above 0.6mol%.