• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2023

In this study, phosphorus (P)-doped nickel cobaltite (P-NiCo₂O₄) and nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (P-NiCo-LDH) were synthesized on nickel (Ni) foam as a conductive support using hydrothermal synthesis. The thermal properties, crystal structure, microscopic surface morphology, chemical distribution, electronic state of the constituent elements on the sample surface, and electrical properties of the synthesized P-NiCo₂O₄ and P-NiCo-LDH samples were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The P-NiCo₂O₄ electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 1,129 Fg^-1 at a current density of 1 Ag^-1, while the P-NiCo-LDH electrode displayed a specific capacitance of 1,012 Fg^-1 at a current density of 1 Ag-1. When assessing capacity changes for 3,000 cycles, the P-NiCo₂O₄ electrode exhibited a capacity retention rate of 54%, whereas the P-NiCo-LDH electrode showed a capacity retention rate of 57%.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2019

Lithium anodes (13, 15, 17, and 20 wt% Li) were fabricated by mixing molten lithium and iron powder, which was used as a binder to hold the molten lithium, at about $500^{\circ}C$ (discharge temp.). In this study, the effect of applied pressure and lithium content on the discharge properties of a thermal battery's single cell was investigated. A single cell using a Li anode with a lithium content of less than 15 wt% presented reliable performance without any abrupt voltage drop resulting from molten lithium leakage under an applied pressure of less than $6kgf/cm^2$. Furthermore, it was confirmed that even when the solid electrolyte is thinner, the Li anode of the single cell normally discharges well without a deterioration in performance. The Li anode of the single cell presented a significantly improved open-circuit voltage of 2.06 V, compared to that of a Li-Si anode (1.93 V). The cut-off voltage and specific capacity were 1.83 V and $1,380As\;g^{-1}$ (Li anode), and 1.72 V and $1,364As\;g^{-1}$ (Li-Si anode). Additionally, the Li anode exhibited a stable and flat discharge curve until 1.83 V because of the absence of phase change phenomena of Li metal and a subsequent rapid voltage drop below 1.83 V due to the complete depletion of Li at the end state of discharge. On the other hand, the voltage of the Li-Si anode cell decreased in steps, $1.93V{\rightarrow}1.72V(Li_{13}Si_4{\rightarrow}Li_7Si_3){\rightarrow}1.65V(Li_7Si_3{\rightarrow}Li_{12}Si_7)$, according to the Li-Si phase changes during the discharge reaction. The energy density of the Li anode cell was $807.1Wh\;l^{-1}$, which was about 50% higher than that of the Li-Si cell ($522.2Wh\;l^{-1}$).

• 공업화학
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.813-822
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• 1996

온실효과에 주요한 기여를 하는 이산화탄소를 줄이기 위하여 새로운 형태의 고분자인 폴리(알킬렌 카보네이트)가 합성되어졌다. 이산화탄소와 여러 가지 에폭시드로부터 칼복시산의 아연염을 촉매로 하여 교대 공중합체가 만들어졌다. 중합체의 수 평균 분자량은 50,000 정도이면 중합 분산도는 5~10 정도로 비교적 넓은 분포를 갖는다. 이 중합체는 비 결정성이고, 투명한 물질로써 열분해가 쉽게 일어난다. 높은 온도와 불활성 분위기 하에서도 완벽한 분해가 일어나 탄소 잔류물을 남기지 않는 것으로 알려졌다. 간단한 에폭시드와의 공중합체의 물리적인 성질을 개선하기 위하여 입체 장애가 큰 에폭시드와의 삼원 공중합체도 만들 수 있다. 이러한 분해성을 이용하여 세라믹, 금속, 전자 산업용 바인더나 lost-foam casting에 활용이 검토되었다. 또한 포장용 필름이나 가소제로의 활용도 연구될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.597-601
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• 2013

The accelerated thermal aging of a CSPE were carried out for 0, 80.82, 161.63 days at $100^{\circ}C$, which are equal to 0, 40 and 80 years of aging at $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The volume electrical resistivities of the seawater and freshwater flooding were measured through 3-terminal circuit diagram. The volume electrical resistivities of the 0y, 40y and 80y were $2.454{\times}10^{13}{\sim}1.377{\times}10^{14}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, $1.121{\times}10^{13}{\sim}7.529{\times}10^{13}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and $1.284{\times}10^{13}{\sim}8.974{\times}10^{13}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ at room temperature, respectively. The dielectric constant of the 0y, 40y and 80y were 2.922~3.431, 2.613~3.285 and 2.921~3.332 at room temperature, respectively. It is certain that the ionic ($Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $Mg^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$) conduction current was formed by the salinity of the seawater. The volume electrical resistivity of the cleaned CSPE via freshwater trends slightly upward with the number of dried days at room temperature. As a result, the $CH_2$ component of thermally accelerated aged CSPE decreased after seawater and freshwater flooding for 5 days respectively, whereas the atoms such as Cl, O, Pb, Al, Si, Sb, S related with the conducting ion ($Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $Mg^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$) component increased relatively.

• 센서학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 새로운 방식의 금속 산화물 감지막의 형성 기술에 대해서 제안을 하였다. Sn 증착을 위해 사용된 기판은 Pt 전극을 가진 실리콘 웨이퍼를 이용하였다. 증착 방식은 금속 Sn이 연속적인 막이 아닌 island로만 형성된 상태로 하였다. 제안된 방식의 최적의 Sn 증착 조건을 구하기위해 Pt 전극간의 저항이 $1\;k{\Omega}$, $5\;k{\Omega}$, $10\;k{\Omega}$ 및 $50\;k{\Omega}$이 되도록 Sn을 증착하여 시료를 제작하였다. 또한 일반적인 방식과 새롭게 제안된 방식의 시료를 비교하기 위해서 Sn 막의 두께가 $1,500\;{\AA}$인 시료를 준비하였다. 이것들을 $700^{\circ}C$의 산소분위기에서 3시간 동안 산화를 하여 $SnO_2$를 형성하였다. 산화물 감지막들의 특성 평가를 위해서 SEM, XRD 및 AFM을 이용하였다. 분석을 통하여 $10\;k{\Omega}$의 시료($300\;{\AA}$)가 최적의 감지막 증착 조건임을 알았다. 또한 제조된 감지막을 다양한 농도의 부탄, 프로판 및 일산화탄소에 대해서 동작온도 $250^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$ 및 $350^{\circ}C$의 경우에 대해서 측정하였다. 그 결과 촉매를 첨가하지 않았음에도 불구하고 모든 가스에 대한 높은 감도 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.429-429
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• 2007

For various applications of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), the uniform alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules on treated surfaces is significantly important. Generally, a rubbing method has been widely used to align the LC molecules on polyimide (PI) surfaces. Rubbed PI surfaces have suitable characteristics, such as uniform alignment. However, the rubbing method has some drawbacks, such as the generation of electrostatic charges and the creation of contaminating particles. Thus, we strongly recommend a non contact alignment technique for future generations of large high-resolution LCDs. Most recently, the LC aligning capabilities achieved by ultraviolet and ion-beam exposures which are non contact methods, on diamond-like carbon (DLC) inorganic thin film layers have been successfully studied because DLC thin films have a high mechanical hardness, a high electrical resistivity, optical transparency, and chemical inertness. In addition, nitrogen-doped DLC (NDLC) thin films exhibit properties similar to those of the DLC thin films and a higher thermal stability than the DLC thin films because C:N bonding in the NDLC thin filmsis stronger against thermal stress than C:H bonding in the DLC thin films. Our research group has already studied the NDLC thin films by an ion-beam alignment method. The $SiN_x$ thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition are widely used as an insulation layer for a thin film transistor, which has characteristics similar to those of DLC inorganic thin films. Therefore, in this paper, we report on LC alignment effects and pretilt angle generation on a $SiN_x$, thin film treated by ion-beam irradiation for various N ratios

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.196-196
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• 2012

Graphene, two-dimensional one-atom-thick planar sheet of carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice, has grabbled appreciable attention due to its extraordinary mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties. Based on the graphene's high carrier mobility, high frequency graphene field effect transistors have been developed. Graphene is useful for photonic components as well as for the applications in electronic devices. Graphene's unique optical properties allowed us to develop ultra wide-bandwidth optical modulator, photo-detector, and broadband polarizer. Graphene can support SPP-like surface wave because it is considered as a two-dimensional metal-like systems. The SPPs are associated with the coupling between collective oscillation of free electrons in the metal and electromagnetic waves. The charged free carriers in the graphene contribute to support the surface waves at the graphene-dielectric interface by coupling to the electromagnetic wave. In addition, graphene can control the surface waves because its charge carrier density is tunable by means of a chemical doping method, varying the Fermi level by applying gate bias voltage, and/or applying magnetic field. As an extended application of graphene in photonics, we investigated the characteristics of the graphene-based plasmonic waveguide for optical signal transmission. The graphene strips embedded in a dielectric are served as a high-frequency optical signal guiding medium. The TM polarization wave is transmitted 6 mm-long graphene waveguide with the averaged extinction ratio of 19 dB at the telecom wavelength of $1.31{\mu}m$. 2.5 Gbps data transmission was successfully accomplished with the graphene waveguide. Based on these experimental results, we concluded that the graphene-based plasmonic waveguide can be exploited further for development of next-generation integrated photonic circuits on a chip.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

단사정 구조의 순수 $ZrO_2$ 또는 5.35wt%의 $Y_2O_3$를 첨가한 정방정 구조의 $Y_2O_3(Y-TZP)$를 $Al_2O_3$에 첨가하여 그 기계적 특성 및 열충격 저항성을 연구하였다. $ZrO_2(m)$와 Y-TZP의 첨가량이 커짐에 따라 $Al_2O_3$의 소결 밀도가 증가하였다. 또한 Y-TZP의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 비커스 경도도 증가하였고 첨가량 20wt%에서 최고값을 나타내었다. 시편의 경도는 소결 밀도에 의존함을 알 수 있었다. $ZrO_2(m)$나 Y-TZP 첨가량의 증가는 파괴인성을 향상시키는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 $Al_2O_3$의 경도는 $ZrO_2$의 transformation toughening 뿐 아니라 미세균열 강화에서도 얻어짐을 알 수 있었다. 단사정 구조의 순수 $ZrO_2$의 첨가는 $Al_2O_3-ZrO_2$의 열 충격 저항성을 향상시켰다. 결정입도는 $ZrO_2$의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 커진다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.42.2-42.2
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• 2010

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are of significant importance for their applications in various devices, such as light-emitting diodes, thin-film solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, liquid crystal displays, and so on. In order for TCOs to contribute to the performance improvement of these devices, TCOs should have high transmittance and good electrical properties simultaneously. Sn-doped $In_2O_3$ (ITO) is the most commonly used TCO. However, indium is toxic and scarce in nature. Thus, ZnO has attracted a lot of attention because of the possibility for replacing ITO. In particular, group III impurity-doped ZnO showed the optoelectronic properties comparable to those of ITO electrodes. Al-doped ZnO exhibited the best performance among various doped ZnO films because of the high substitutional doping efficiency. However, in order for the Al-doped ZnO to replace ITO in electronic devices, their electrical and optical properties should further significantly be improved. In this connection, different ways such as a variation of deposition conditions, different deposition techniques, and post-deposition annealing processes have been investigated so far. Among the deposition methods, RF magnetron sputtering has been extensively used because of the easiness in controlling deposition parameters and its fast deposition rate. In addition, when combined with post-deposition annealing in a reducing ambient, the optoelectronic properties of Al-doped ZnO films were found to be further improved. In this presentation, we deposited Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:$Al_2O_3$ = 98:2 wt%) thin films on the glass and sapphire substrates using RF magnetron sputtering as a function of substrate temperature. In addition, the ZnO samples were annealed in different conditions, e.g., rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at $900^{\circ}C$ in $N_2$ ambient for 1 min, tube-furnace annealing at $500^{\circ}C$ in $N_2:H_2$=9:1 gas flow for 1 hour, or RTA combined with tube-furnace annealing. It is found that the mobilities and carrier concentrations of the samples are dependent on growth temperature followed by one of three subsequent post-deposition annealing conditions.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.683-692
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• 2009

본 연구는Isoniazid의 hydrazone으로부터 유도된 새로운 리간드를 갖는 몇 가지 새로운 니켈(II) 착물의 합성에 대해 보고한다. 착물의 조성은 [$Ni(L)_2X_2$] 또는 $[Ni(L)_3](ClO_4)_2$ {L = N-isonicotinamidofurfuraldimine(INH-FFL), N-isonicotinamido-3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzaldimine (INH-TMB) 또는 N-isonicotinamido-cinnamalidene (INH-CIN) 및 X=$Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, $NCS^-$ 또는 $CH_3COO^-$} 이다. 리간드 hydrazone 은 카보닐 산소와 아조메틴 질소를 통해서 중성의 두 자리 (N및 O주개) 리간드로 작용한다. 육면체 구조를 갖는 새로운 착물들은 원소분석, 분자질량분석, 자화율, 열분석과 적외선 및 전기적 스펙트럼을 이용한 전기화학 및 분광학적 연구를 통해 규명하였다. 니트로벤젠($PhNO_2$) 에서의 전기 전도성 측정에 의하면 [$Ni(L)_2X_2$] 및 $[Ni(L)_3](ClO_4)_2$ 착물들은 각각 비전해질 및 1:2전해질임을 알았다. 착물의 기하구조를 알기 위한 열적특성도 역시 연구되었다. 니켈(II) 착물 및 약간의 표준 약품의 항균성 및 항진균성 또한 연구되었고, 이를 통해 착물이 적당한 향균성 활동을 하는 것을 알 수 있었다.