• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.157-180
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• 2010

Rapid development of information technology has generated a new industry and market. In particular, network technology such as the Internet and other computer networks made transaction activities switched from traditional offline commerce to e-commerce. Among them, digital content is bit-based object which is created and distributed through electronic environment. In particular, many entertainment contents such as the music, the movies, and the computer game softwares are main products. Although digital content commerce has high potential demand, it lacks the consideration about the factor related to maintaining existing customer such as customer loyalty and switching costs. There has been a number of research on customer loyalty and other factors affecting it in the traditional electronic commerce environment, but there is a lack of research which examines the characteristics of digital content. The study about the effect of switching costs on customer loyalty in digital content commerce is necessary because the customers of digital content commerce market are from those of other e-commerce market or traditional offline commerce market. In addition, customer loyalty and switching costs are important factors because they may build up greater customer retention. For that reason, this study focused on examining the relationships among switching costs, antecedents for switching costs, and customer loyalty in online digital music service industry. The study has three major purposes: (1) to find antecedents of switching costs on digital content commerce and examine effect of antecedents for switching costs; (2) to identify effect of switching costs on customer loyalty in digital content commerce and examine moderating effects of alternative attractiveness; (3) to identify the differences of antecedents for switching costs by contents transmission type(streaming service and downloading service). And, the online digital music service industry is selected in this study since there are many users and transactions incurring. To accomplish these purposes, a survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to 256 informants. Survey instrument was developed based on previous research and pre-established survey items. Total of 206 surveys are collected and used in the data analysis. Among the respondents, 56.8% is male and 43.2% is female. Also, 86 responses were streaming service user group and 120 responses were download service user group. These data was analyzed using regression analysis. Major findings of empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. First, switching costs have positive effect on customer loyalty in digital content commerce environment. Second, the influence of switching costs on customer loyalty increases under conditions of high alternative attractiveness. Third, DRM convenience and breadth of use have positive effect on switching costs. The findings imply that the digital content provider should pay more attention to switching costs in addition to customer satisfaction in order to attract customers. Also, increasing the convenience of DRM use by securing the convenience of user interface and expanding the support device and increasing the service use scope by providing diverse value-added service helps to create a switching barrier. The result of the study can become a practical use in marketing strategy for maintaining existing customer. In particular, switching barrier is very important under conditions of high competition in the online music service market. This study can be used as a basis for further studies about customer retention in digital content commerce.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.953-964
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• 2023

기후변화는 부정할 수 없는 오늘날 인류가 직면한 가장 시급한 과제이다. 그러나 기후변화에 대한 국민적 관심과 인식 수준은 충분치 않아 보다 적극적인 교육과 함께 이를 지원할 콘텐츠 개발이 필요하다. 특히 가치관 형성 및 윤리의식 확립이 시작되는 초·중등교육 시기부터 기후변화 교육이 활발히 이루어져야 하나 수준 맞춤형 체험기반 전문교육 콘텐츠는 많지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 학습자가 간접적으로 기후변화를 체험할 수 있도록 하는 혁신적인 교육 도구로써 해수면 상승 체험 3D 시뮬레이터를 개발하였다. 해수면 상승 요소로 기후변화로 인한 해수면 상승뿐 아니라 폭풍해일고를 함께 고려하였으며, 특히 장기 파고관측 빅데이터 분석을 통해 시뮬레이터 기능을 설계한 것을 주요 특징으로 볼 수 있다. 초·중등 학생들에게 친숙하게 접근하기 위해 게임 엔진 'Unity'를 채용하였다. 더 나아가 본 시뮬레이터를 활용한 교육 콘텐츠를 함께 제안한다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2004

전자상거래가 활성화되면서 멀티에이전트를 비롯한 다양한 에이전트 기법을 전자상거래에 적용하여 구매자와 판매자간의 매매를 지능적으로 수행시키는 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구들은 구매자와 판매자간의 매매 프로세스를 에이전트들이 수행하는 과정에서 에이전트의 지능적 능력이 부족하여 의사결정시 사용자의 개입을 요구하고 있다. 또한 사용자가 매매활동에서 중요하게 고려하는 항목들을 충분히 수용하지 못한 상태에서 서로 연결되는 수준에 머무르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점들을 극복하는 매매 프로세스를 위한 멀티에이전트 기반의 비즈니스 모형을 제안한다. 제안된 모형에서는 기존의 특정 항목을 중심으로 한 중개의 단점을 극복하고 사용자의 다양하고 차별적인 요구사항들을 만족시키면서 최적의 중개가 이루어지도록 하기 위하여 중개 프로세스에 CSP 기법을 적용한다. 또한 매매후보 에이전트들이 서로의 의견을 조정하면서 매매계약을 체결하기 위하여 게임이론에서의 협상모형을 응용한 에이전트들의 자동 협상 메커니즘을 제안한다. 이러한 중개 프로세스의 최적화 및 자동 협상을 위하여 제안 된 모형에서는 에이전트들이 경쟁계층, 제약만족계층, 협상계층을 통과하면서 매매계약 활동을 수행하도록 한다 이 때 에이전트 간 통신을 위하여 본 모형에서는 자체적으로 정의한 메시지 기반 통신 프로토콜을 설계 및 구현하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안한 모형을 기반으로 한 응용시스템들을 구현하고 다양한 실험 및 평가를 수행한다.

• 감성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2006

본 논문은 긍정적인 정신적 흥분이 자율신경계에 어떤 영향을 주는 지에 대하여 연구하였다. 2002년 한일 월드컵 기간 중 국민이 경험한 정신적, 신체적 상태의 변화를 자율신경 평가 도구인 심박변이도(HRV)를 통하여 평가하였다. 실험 대상은 월드컵군과 정상 대조군으로 나누어 심박변이도 분석을 실시하였다. 대조군은 수도권 2개 대학병원 건강검진센터에 내원한 건강한 $20{\sim}}30$대 남녀 675명을 대상으로 선정하였고, 월드컵군은 수도권 소재 월드컵 경기장 3개소에서 경기를 관전하기 위하여 대기중인 20-30대 남녀 468명을 대상으로 하였다. 데이터분석은 남녀의 생리학적인 차이를 고려하여 남성군과 여성군으로 나누어 분석하였다. 그 결과, 지금까지 알려져 있던 스트레스 반응과는 다른 경향을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 일반적으로 스트레스 상태에서는 평균 심박수가 증가하는 것 이외에 다른 지표들은 감소하는 경향을 나타낸다. 그러나 긍정 스트레스(eustress) 상태에서 심박수와 SDNN 모두 유의하게 높은 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 특히 여성 그룹의 경우, 부정 스트레스(distress) 상태와는 반대로, 모든 주파수분석 파라메타가 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05, p<0.001). 심박변이도의 감소가 건강 상실의 지표가 된다는 점을 고려해 볼 때, SDNN의 증가와 모든 주파수 파라메타의 증가는 자율신경의 항상성조절 기전이 긍정적으로 작동하고 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 전 세계적인 스포츠 이벤트로 인한 긍정 스트레스상태의 유발이 국민 건강에도 긍정적인 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제28호
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• pp.35-81
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• 2011

만화는 대중매체이며 대중예술의 한 분야이다. 만화기록은 1차 문화인프라이기 때문에 팬시, 캐릭터, 게임, 영화, 드라마, 테마파크, 광고 사업 등으로 연결되어 고부가가치 산업을 창출해낼 수 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 능동적이고 체계적인 수집 절차의 부재로 해마다 소중한 만화 원고가 소실되고, 전자기록형태의 만화기록 등 보존이 힘든 콘텐츠가 늘어나고 있어 만화기록관리에 대한 대책이 절실히 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 인식을 바탕으로 만화기록에 대한 관리의 필요성에 대해 알아보고, 만화기록의 특징 및 구성요소를 분석하였다. 이와 함께 해외의 여러 만화아카이브 사례를 분석하여 만화기록의 특징을 반영한 기록관리 프로세스의 기능을 추출하였다. 이후 이들을 검토하여 기록관리체계의 틀에서 수집 관리 서비스 영역을 각각 나누어 만화기록을 관리하는 일반적인 만화기록 아카이빙 전략을 구성하여 제시해보았다. 수집을 한 만화기록은 다중분류와 계층적 기술요소를 반영하여 기록 사이의 연계를 보장하고 기록의 보존을 담보하며 다채로운 접근점을 제공할 수 있도록 한다. 지적 정리가 끝난 만화기록은 보존설비가 갖추어진 환경에서 보존처리를 하여 보존되기도 하고, 전자기록이나 훼손의 위험이 있는 기록의 경우 디지털 포맷을 사용하여 보존하기도 한다. 만화기록은 활용이 목적이기 때문에 전시 배포 기록정보콘텐츠개발을 통해 다양한 계층의 이용자에게 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 만화기록이라는 용어 자체가 생소하고, 기록관리의 관점에서 연구된 바가 거의 없기 때문에 만화기록의 수집 전략이나 관리, 서비스 전략을 소개하고 간단한 예시를 보여주는 것에 그친 것이 한계점이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 기록학적 접근을 통한 만화 기록관리 전략을 만화 매뉴스크립트 보존소에 실용적으로 도입할 수 있다면 만화기록의 체계적 보존, 수집, 정리가 가능하여 훗날 한국의 문화 콘텐츠 관리에 큰 밑거름이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.64-104
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• 2005

Visual media transmits image and information reproduced in large quantities, such as a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, or computer image. Correspondence to the students' reception and recognition of culture in the future. arrangements for the field of studies of visual culture. 'Visual Culture' implies cultural phenomena of visual images via visual media, which includes not only the categories of traditional arts like a painting, sculpture, print, or design, but the performance arts including a fashion show or parade of carnival, and the mass and electronic media like a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, cartoon, animation, or computer image. In the world of visual media, Image' functions as an essential medium of communication. Therefore, people call the culture of today fra of Image Culture', which has been converted from an alphabet convergence era to an image convergence one. Image, via visual media, has become a dominant means for communication in large part of human life, so we can designate an Image' as a typical aspect of visual culture today. Image, as an essential medium of communication, plays an important role in contemporary society. The one way is the conversion of analogue image like an actual picture, photograph, or film into digital one through the digitalization of digital camera or scanner as 'an analogue/digital commutator'. The other is a way of process with a computer drawing, or modeling of objects. It is appropriate to the production of pictorial and surreal images. Digital images, produced by the other, can be divided into the form of Pixel' and form of Vector'. Vector is a line linking the point of departure to the point of end, which organizes informations. Computer stores each line's standard location and correlative locations to one another Digital image shows for more 'Perfectness' than any other visual media. Digital image has been evolving in the diverse aspects, such as a production of geometrical or organic image compositing, interactive art, multimedia art, or web art, which has been applied a computer as an extended trot of painting. Someone often interprets digitalized copy with endless reproduction of original even as an extension of a print. Visual af is no longer a simple activity of representation by a painter or sculptor, but now is intimately associated with a matter of application of media. There is some problem in images via visual media. First, the image via media doesn't reflect a reality as it is, but reflects an artificial manipulated world, that is, a virtual reality. Second, the introduction of digital effect and the development of image processing technology have enhanced a spectacle of destructive and violent scenes. Third, a child intends to recognize the interactive images of computer game and virtual reality as a reality, or truth. Education needs not only to point out an ill effect of mass media and prevent the younger generation from being damaged by it, but also to offer a knowledge and know-how to cope actively with social, cultural circumstances. Visual media education is one of these essential methods for the contemporary and future human being in the overflowing of image informations. The fosterage of 'Visual Literacy' can be considered as a very purpose of visual media education. This is a way to lead an individual to the discerning, active consumer and producer of visual media in life as far as possible. The elements of 'Visual Literacy' can be divided into a faculty of recognition related to the visual media, a faculty of critical reception, a faculty of appropriate application, a faculty of active work and a faculty of creative modeling, which are promoted at the same time by the education of 'visual literacy'. In conclusion, the education of 'Visual Literacy' guides students to comprehend and discriminate the visual image media carefully, or receive them critically, apply them properly, or produce them creatively and voluntarily. Moreover, it leads to an artistic activity by means of new media. This education can be approached and enhanced by the connection and integration with real life. Visual arts and education of them play an important role in the digital era depended on visual communications via image information. Visual me야a of day functions as an essential element both in daily life and in arts. Students can soundly understand visual phenomena of today by means of visual media, and apply it as an expression tool of life culture as well. A new recognition and valuation visual image and media education is required to cultivate the capability of active, upright dealing with the changes of history of civilization. 1) Visual media education helps to cultivate a sensibility for images, which reacts to and deals with the circumstances. 2) It helps students to comprehend the contemporary arts and culture via new media. 3) It supplies a chance of students' experiencing a visual modeling by means of new media. 4) There are educational opportunities of images with temporality and spaciality, and therefore a discerning person becomes to increase. 5) The modeling activity via new media leads students to be continuously interested in the school and production of plastic arts. 6) It raises the ability of visual communications dealing with image information society. 7) An education of digital image is significant in respect of cultivation of man of talent for the future society of image information as well. To correspond to the changing and developing social, cultural circumstances, and the form and recognition of students' reception of them, visual arts education must arrange the field of studying on a new visual culture. Besides, a program needs to be developed, which is in more systematic and active level in relation to visual media education. Educational contents should be extended to the media for visual images, that is, photography, film, television, video, computer graphic, animation, music video, computer game and multimedia. Every media must be separately approached, because they maintain the modes and peculiarities of their own according to the conveyance form of message. The concrete and systematic method of teaching and the quality of education must be researched and developed, centering around the development of a course of study. Teacher's foundational capability of teaching should be cultivated for the visual media education. In this case, it must be paid attention to the fact that a technological level of media is considered as a secondary. Because school education doesn't intend to train expert and skillful producers, but intends to lay stress on the essential aesthetic one with visual media under the social and cultural context, in respect of a consumer including a man of culture.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.37-58
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• 2001

This study placed its objectives in suggesting the basic data for setting up an approach to protect the educational environment, by analyzing the relevance between the misconducts of adolescence and the harmful environment around the school, as an object of study, middle school students and high school students all over the country. Thus, this study carried out the questionnaire survey, by the multi-stage of stratified sampling in 2,114 middle school and high school students from June 29, 2000 through July 29, 2000. And the results of analysis were as follows: 1. In case of the ratio of students using harmful environment, the electronic game room had the highest ratio (78.3％); next, the PC room (75.6％), the singing room (71.6％), and the cartoon room (34.3％). 2. In terms of the experiences of using the harmful environment according to the personal characteristics, high school students used it in a higher ratio, compared with middle school students (p〈0.001); the students, whose father graduated from a high school, comparatively used it much more(p〈0.05). Also, when a school is located near to amusement quarters or shopping centers, students used the harmful environment most highly (p〈0.001). And the differences were found to be statistically significant. 3. In case of the perceived susceptibility factors, the harmful environment was found to be used in lower ratio, by the students who answered “very so” to the question item, The more harmful environment facilities are positioned around school, the more student have the opportunities to use them. (p〈0.001). That is, the findings showed that the higher students' degree of perceived susceptibility factors was the less students used harmful environment facilities. The differences were statistically significant. In terms of the ratio of using harmful environment according to perceived seriousness factors, it was founded out that the students, who answered, “If I use any harmful environment facilities, it will be very harmful to myself.”. had the less opportunities of having used them, compared with the students who did not answer so (p〈0.001). This indicated that the higher the degrees perceived seriousness of students, the less they used harmful environment facilities. And the differences were statistically significant. In the side of the ratio of using harmful environment according to the perceived barriers, it was found out that there were any special large differences. That is, perceived barriers had nothing to do with students' using harmful environment. 4. As the result of having analyzed the factors influencing the behaviors of using harmful environment, the factor to explain the behaviors of using harmful environment was found to be the degree of perceived seriousness, among individual perceiving factors; next, the location of a school - one of personal characteristics, the degree of perceived susceptibility and ages, m sequence. 5. Among students' misconduct experiences, drinking was highest (21.6％), next, smoking (11.9％), drug abuse (4.3％), and sexual relations (1.6％), In sequence. Among other problematic behaviors, excessive waste was highest (14.6％); next, disobedience and lie (10.7％), night wandering (7.8％), and bad dressing and making-up (5.5％), in sequence. 6. In terms of the misconducts according to the behaviors of using harmful environment, compared with the students who did not commit any misconducts, harmful environment facilities were used more highly, by each group of students who experienced drinking (p〈0.00l), smoking (p〈0.001), sexual relations (p〈0.05), excessive waste (p〈0.001), disobedience ＆ lie (p〈0.001), and bad dressing ＆ making-up (p〈0.05). And the differences were statistically significant.