• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.358-369
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• 2021

이 연구에서는 2009 개정 교육과정의 화학 I 교과서 4종, 화학 II 교과서 4종과 2015 개정 교육과정의 화학 I 교과서 9종, 화학 II 교과서 6종에서 제시하는 전자 이동 모델 관련 내용을 모델의 이그노런스 관점에서 분석하였다. 또한 화학 교육 전공 예비교사 24명을 대상으로 전자 이동 모델의 이그노런스를 인식하고 있는지 알아보는 3개 문항을 개발하여 설문을 시행하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분 교과서가 전자 이동 모델의 불일치 상황인 공유결합물질의 산화·환원 반응을 산화수 변화와 전자 이동을 혼용하여 설명하거나 전자 이동으로 설명하였다. 또한 2015 개정 교육과정에서 강조한 모델의 개발과 활용으로의 변화가 교육과정 비교에서 뚜렷하게 드러나지 않았다. 대다수 예비교사는 전자 이동 모델의 이그노런스를 불완전하게 인식하거나 인식하지 못하였다. 단 1명의 예비교사만이 모델의 이그노런스를 명료하게 인식하였다. 결론적으로 교과서가 전자 이동 모델의 불일치 상황을 설명할 때 모델의 이그노런스가 드러나도록 교과서 서술이 개선될 필요가 있다. 그리고 예비교사 교육을 통해 예비교사들도 전자 이동 모델의 이그노런스를 인식할 기회를 제공해 주어야 한다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 1996

Dynamics of contact ion-pair between 1, 2, 4, 5-tetracyanobenzene anion and cation of biphenyl derivatives was investigated on the picosecond time scale. Solvent effect on the electron transfer was observed and electron transfer rates were examined using Marcus equation which contains distance dependence of the electron transfer rate in the frequency factor, along with the consideration of molecular shape. From the discussion based on disk model for molecular shape, contribution of interring torsional motion of biphenyl to the inner-sphere reorganization energy is strongly suggested, which leads to the physical explanation for the observed solvent effect on the rate of electron transfer.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2015

We investigated photo-induced electron transfer (PET) in a dye-labeled peptide, fluorophore-Ala-Gly-Gln-Tyr, employing time-resolved fluorescence. As an effort to develop new functional dyes, we studied an acriflavine derivative for the electron-acceptor in the excited state from tyrosine, an electrondonor in the ground-state. The pH dependence of the fluorescence lifetime of the model peptide indicates that electron transfer between the excited dye and tyrosine occurs when the tyrosine is deprotonated. The proton-coupled electron transfer appears to be sequential rather than concerted. We also report direct time measurements on the end-to-end loop formation processes of the peptide in water.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.385-388
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• 1992

The transition probabilities for the thermal intramolecular electron transfer and the optical intervalence transfer band for a symmetric mixed-valence Cu(I)-Cu(II) compound were used to extract the PKS parameters $\varepsilon$ = -1.15, ${\lambda}$ = 2.839, and ${\nu}g$- = 923 $cm^{-1}$. These parameters determine the potential energy surfaces and vibronic energy levels. Three pairs of vibrational levels are below the top of the energy barrier in the lower potential surface. The contribution of each vibrational state to the intramolecular electron transfer was calculated. It is shown that the three pairs of vibrational states below the top of the barrier are responsible for most of the electron transfer at 261-306 K. So the intramolecular electron transfer in this system is a tunneling process. The transition probability exhibits the usual high-temperature Arrhenius behavior, but at lower temperature falls off to a temperature-independent value as tunneling from the lowest levels becomes the limiting process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.3693-3696
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• 2010

We experimentally measure the kinetic energy and angular distributions of photoelectrons of $N_2$ as a function of 410 nm femtosecond laser intensity by using velocity map imaging technique. The strong-field multiphoton ionization of molecules shares many of the characteristics with those of atoms. Electron kinetic energies are nearly independent of laser intensities. The independence suggests that the electron peaks in the photoelectron spectrum actually result from a two-step process, indicative of the occurrence of real population in the intermediate states. The relative amplitudes of electron peaks indicate that in the two-step process, nonresonant population transfer dominates for low intensities, while resonant population transfer dominates for higher intensities.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.307-327
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• 1998

Cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) is a yeast mitochondrial enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water using two equivalents of ferrocytochrome c. The CcP/cytochrome c system has many features which make it a very useful model for detailed investigation of heme protein structure/function relationships including activation of hydrogen peroxide, protein-protein interactions, and long-range electron transfer. Both CcP and cytochrome c are single heme, single subunit proteins of modest size. High-resolution crystallographic structures of both proteins, of one-to-one complexes of the two proteins, and a number of active-site mutants are available. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that the distal histidine in CcP is primarily responsible for rapid utilization of hydrogen peroxide implying significantly different properties of the distal histidine in the peroxidases compared to the globins. CcP and cytochrome c bind to form a dynamic one-to-one complex. The binding is largely electrostatic in nature with a small, unfavorable enthalpy of binding and a large positive entropy change upon complex formation. The cytochrome c-binding site on CcP has been mapped in solution by measuring the binding affinities between cytochrome c and a number of CcP surface mutations. The binding site for cytochrome c in solution is consistent with the crystallographic structure of the one-to-one complex. Evidence for the involvement of a second, low-affinity cytochrome c-binding site on CcP in long-range electron transfer between the two proteins is reviewed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.528-536
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• 1999

This work studies the effects of transient reflectance on the thermal responses of a metal(gold) thin-film during ultrashort laser heating. The heating process is calculated using the conventional conduction model (parabolic one-step: POS), parabolic two-step model (PTS) with and without variable properties, hyperbolic two-step model (HTS). Results from the HTS model are very similar to those from the PTS model, since the laser heating time in this study is greater than the electron relaxation time. PTS model with variable properties, however, results in totally different temperature profiles compared to those from POS models or calculation with constant properties. Transient reflectances are estimated from electron temperature distributions and based on the linear relationship between the electron temperature and complex dielectric constants. Reflectance of the front surface can be changed with respect to dielectric constants, while those of the rear surface remain unchanged.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

Effects of temperature coefficients fur dielectric constants on transient reflectances and thermal responses have been investigated for a metal(gold) thin-film during ultrashort pulse laser heating. Heating processes are simulated using the conventional conduction model(parabolic one-step, POS), the parabolic tow-step model(PTS), the hyperbolic two-step model(HTS). Results fro the HTS model are very similar to those from the PTS model, since the laser heating time in this study is considerably greater than the electron relaxation time. PTS and HTS models, however, result in completely different temperature profiles from those obtained by the POS model due to slow electron-lattice interactions compared to laser pulse duration. Transient reflectances are directly estimated from the linear relationship between electron temperature and complex dielectric constants, while conventional approaches assume that the change in reflectances is proportional to that in temperatuer. Reflectances at the front surface vary considerably for various dielectric constants, while those at the rear surface remain unchanged relatively.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 전기화학계에서 중요한 다중전자의 이동이 수반되는 전극 반응에 대하여 순환전위법의 특성곡선을 모델링하여, MATLAB 프로그램으로 구현하였다. 전극주변의 전기화학 물질전달계에 대하여 반무한 확산모델의 경계조건을 설정하였고, Fick의 농도방정식은 유한차분법으로 전개하여 수치해를 구하였고, Butler-Volmer 식으로부터 계산된 농도값을 전류의 값으로 전환하였다. 본 연구에서 구현된 수치해는 기존의 실험치들과 합리적으로 설명하고 있었으며, 이를 근거로 다중전자 전기화학 반응계에서 반응메카니즘에 대한 전극반응속도 상수와 CV 주사속도 영향을 효과적으로 해석할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

The temperature dependence on the electron transfer rate constant $(k_{app})$ for hydroquinone redox center in $H_2Q(CH_2)_n$SH-SAMs (n = 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) on gold electrode was investigated to obtain reorganization energy $(\lambda)$ using Laviron’s formalism and Arrhenius plot of ln $[k_{app}/T^{1/2}]$ vs. T^{-1} based on the Marcus densityof-states model. All the symmetry factors measured for the SAMs were relatively close to unity and rarely varied to temperature change as expected. The electron tunneling constant $(\beta)$ determined from the dependence of the $k_{app}$ on the distance between the redox center and the electrode surface gives almost the same $\beta$ values which are quite insensitive to temperature change. Good linear relationship of Arrhenius plot for all $H_2Q(CH_2)_n$SH-SAMs on gold electrode was obtained in the temperature range from 273 to 328 K. The slopes n Arrhenius plot deduced that $\lambda$ of hydroquinone moiety is ca. 1.3-1.4 eV irrespectively of alkyl chain length of the electroactive SAM.