• 감성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

수면단계는 수면감을 평가하는 데 있어서 중요한 생리지표로서 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 수면다원검사를 이용한 전통적 수면단계 분류방법은 뇌전도(electroencephalogram : EEG), 안전도(electrooculogram : EOG), 심전도(electrocardiogram : ECG), 근전도(electromyogram : EMG) 등을 종합적으로 측정하므로 수면단계를 비교적 정확히 분류할 수 있지만 피험자에게 심한 구속감을 주는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는, 각성상태에서 교감신경계가 지배적인 반면에 수면 중에는 부교감 신경계가 더 활동적인 점에 착안하여 수면단계를 간단히 분류할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 수면단계에 따른 심박동변이도(heart rate variability : HRY)를 분석하였다. 이 실험에는 건강한 대학생 6명이 2일씩 전체 12회의 야간수면에 참여하였다. 수면다원검사 장치를 이용하여 피험자들이 수면을 취하고 있는 동안, EEG, EOG, ECG, EMG(턱 및 다리)를 측정하여 수면단계를 "Standard scoring system for sleep stage"에 따라 자동으로 분류하였다. 그런 뒤, 본 연구를 통하여 제작된 Sleep Data Acquisition/Analysis 시스템을 이용하여 수면다원검사 장치로부터 ECG신호만 추출하여 HRV의 전력스펙트럼을 3개의 영역[저주파수대역(low frequency : LF), 중간주파수대역(medium frequency : MF), 고주파수대역(high frequency : HF)]으로 나누어 분석하였다. 단일채널 ECG를 이용하여 수면단계별로 HRV의 LF/HF를 분석한 결과, W(wakefulness)단계가 2단계에 비하여 325%높게(p＜.05), 3단계에 비하여 628%높게(p＜.001), 4단계에 비하여 800%높게(p＜.001) 나타났으며, 4단계는 REM(rapid eye movement)단계에 비하여 427% 낮게(p＜.05), 1단계에 비하여 418% 낮게(p＜.05) 나타났다. 또한 LF/HF가 수면단계에 따라 변화하는 양상은 W, REM, 1, 2, 3, 4단계의 순으로 단조 감소하였다. 한편, 수면단계별 MF/(LF+HF)의 차이는 유의하지 않았으나 표본집단의 기술통계치를 살펴본 바 REM단계와 3단계의 평균치가 가장 높았다.치가 가장 높았다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2011

In this study, we have experimented with 9 players at the national delegate level. Although there were some differences in the average effects of 3 types of one-two straight movements after the application of wheel axle, there were no statistical differences in the case of surface reacting forces, electromyograms, and impact forces. When the right fist was impacted using the one-two straight movements and the wheel axle was applied with 3 segmentations, high impact forces were obtained for the pronation in the following order-72.01 $m/s^2$ (type 2), 70.93 $m/s^2$ (type 3), and 58.19 $m/s^2$ (type 1). Higher values of the surface reacting force were found for type 1 that did not exhibit pronation in the left foot, whereas in the case of the vertical direction of the right foot, type 2 with pronation exhibited higher values and impact forces. In the right electromyogram, high impact forces due to the activation of the muscular electric potential were obtained for lumbar erector (LE) spinae and triceps brachii (TB) with type 1; LE spina, latissimus dosi (LD), and upper trapezius (UT) with type 2; and brachioradialis (BR), UT, and rectus abdominal (RA) with type 3. Due to pronation and complex motions of the 3 pronation segmentations, the efficiency was higher for impacts due to one-two straight movements.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2016

Objective: The objective of this study is to present a scientific basis for ballet dancer training methods by analyzing the relationships between subjective assessment of the ballet movement 'Grand pas de chat' and kinematic and electromyographic factors. Method: The subjects were 14 professional dancers with 15 years of experience on average. Four cameras and a wireless electromyogram were used to examine kinematic factors, and the filmed videos were analyzed by 3 experts for subjective assessment. Results: Although no differences in kinematic factors were found between the excellent dancer group and the non-excellent dancer group divided based on the experts' assessment, some difference was found in electromyographic factors, especially in relation to the gastrocnemius muscle, rectus femoris muscle, and erector spinae muscle. A relationship between subjective assessment and kinematic and electromyographic factors was found, and factors such as right-side rectus femoris activation, time required, left-side gastrocnemius activation, and front-back displacement affected subjective assessment. Conclusion: This study showed a relationship between subjective assessment and kinematic and electromyographic factors. To receive higher scores in subjective assessment, it is necessary to extend the hang time by using the lower limb muscles. The findings of this study also indicate the necessity of weight training in order to improve dancing techniques.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of changes in the intensity of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) on CorticoMuscular Coherence (CMC) during action observation. This paper presents a neurophysiological basis for the effective intensity of FES. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy volunteers were asked to observed a video with FES. The FES was provided with a sensory stimulation level, nerve stimulation level, and motor stimulation level. Simultaneously, an electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sensorimotor cortex and electromyogram (EMG) from the wrist extensor muscle were recorded. The peak CMC and average CMC were analyzed to compare the differences caused by the FES intensity. Results: The peak CMC showed a significant increase in the alpha band during motor stimulation (p<0.05). The average CMC showed a significant increase in the beta band during motor stimulation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The intensity of FES, which causes actual movement, increased the CMC during action observation. These results show that the intensity of the FES can affect the functional connection between the sensorimotor cortex and muscle.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

Driving simulators are useful tools not only to test the components of future cars but also to evaluate the telematics service and HMI (Human-Machine Interface). However driving simulators cannot be implemented to test and evaluate the telematics service system because the GPS (Global Positioning System) which contains basic functional support for the telematics module do not work in the VR (virtual reality) environment. This paper presents a method to implement telematics service to a driving simulator by developing the GPS simulator which is able to emulate GPS satellite signals consist of NMEA-0183 protocol and RS232C communication standards. It is expected that the driving simulator with the GPS simulator can be used to study HMI and human-factor evaluations of the commercial telematics system to realize the HiLES (Human-in-the-Loop Evaluation System).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations, according to the different gait velocities in young healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 6 young male and 10 young female (mean age=21.43 years; range 19~23) in this study. We used a wireless surface electromyogram (Telemyo 2400T G2, Noraxon, USA) and a treadmill unit for the experiment. EMG activity from the lumbar erector spinea, and rectus abdominis of the dominant side was record with surface electrodes. On different day, all subjects gaited on 2.7 km/h, 4.5 km/h, and 6.3 km/h of speed in random order. They gaited at the same velocity, three times, on the treadmill unit. To reduce fatigue, sufficient rests were given between the measurements. Results: As the gait speed increased, lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the current study, we found lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were changed, according to the gait velocity. We suggested that rehabilitation intervention should be focused on the exercise velocity for the patients with problem of the trunk control.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.360-365
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to suggest a possibility of the Korean medical treatment in patient with peroneal nerve palsy, and to suggest importance of differential diagnosis of foot drop. Peroneal nerve pasly was diagnosed by lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and electromyogram(EMG). The patient was treated with acupuncture, herbal medicine, bee-venom acupuncture and moxibustion from March 7th to May 2nd. We measured Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), Range of Motion(ROM) of the ankle, and observed the change in body temperature using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI). After received Korean medical treatment, the patient showed improvement in all the scales mentioned above. The result showed that Korean medical treatment is effective in peroneal nerve palsy before operation.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 변형된 교각운동이 건강한 성인의 복부 국소근육의 활성화에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위함이다. 본 연구에 17명의 대상자가 참석하였다. 일반적 교각운동과 변형된 교각운동에서 외복사근, 내복사근, 복횡근, 복직근을 각각 측정하였다. 근육들의 변화를 확인하기 위해 근전도와 초음파를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 변형된 교각운동 그룹이 아닌, 일반적 교각운동 그룹의 비우세발에서 복직근과 외복사근의 활성도에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그리고 변형된 교각운동 그룹에서는 일반적인 교각운동 그룹 보다 비우 세발에서 내복사근과 복횡근의 근두께 변화에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 변형된 교각운동은 대근육보다 국소근육을 활성화 시키는데 더 효과적인 운동이라 생각된다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.1544-1550
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• 2015

최근 웨어러블 로봇에 활용이 가능한 실용적인 웨어러블 로봇 인터페이스 개발이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 인간의 생체신호 중 근전도를 활용하여, 회귀 기법 기반 연속적인 손목 움직임 의도 추정 방법을 제안한다. 실생활에서 사용자의 상지 자세 변화는 근전도 신호를 변조시켜 성능 저하의 주요한 원인이 되는데, 이를 해결하기 위해 서로 다른 상지 자세에서 학습된 회귀 기법 기반 움직임 추정모델을 통합함으로써 상지 자세 변화에도 강인한 연속적인 손목 움직임 의도 추정 방법을 제안한다. 실험결과에서 서로 다른 상지 자세에서 손목 움직임 의도를 추정하였을 때 제안 방법의 성능이 기존 방법보다 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.160-163
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• 1995

An optimal EEG and artifact classifier is proposed using neural network operating characteristics. The neural network operating characteristics are two dimensional parametric representations of the right and false identification probabilities of the network classifier. Since the EEG and EP signals acquired from multi -channel electrodes placed on the head surface are often interfered by other relatively large physiological signals such as electromyogram (EMG) or electroculogram (EOG), the removal of the artifact-affected EEGs is one of the key elements in neuro-functional mapping. Conventionally this task has been carried out by human experts spending lots of examination time. Using the neural-network based classification, human expert's efforts and time can be substantially reduced. From experiments, the neural-network based classification performs as good as human experts: variation of decisions between the neural network and human expert appears even smaller than that between human experts.