• Title/Summary/Keyword: Electroacupuncture$ST_{36}$

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The Effects of Electroacupuncture on Mechanical Allodynia and Its Involvement with the Sympathetic Nervous System (Tail model의 기계적 이질통에 대한 전침 자극의 효과 및 교감신경계의 관여기전)

  • Lee, Hyung-suk;Min, Byung-il;Hwang, Byung-gil;Park, Dong-suk;Lee, Soon-geul
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.177-190
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    • 2003
  • Objective : This study was intended to investigate the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on mechanical allodynia according to the frequency and intensity of EA. Also to know if mechanical allodynia and the analgesic effects of EA is related to the sympathetci nervous system and/or the purinergic system. Methods : mechanical allodynia-induced rats were produced by resecting S1-S2 nerve. The zusanli(ST36) was used for acupoint and the rats were divided into 4 groups. Each group was given different stimuli[low frequency low intensity-EA(LFLI-EA), low frequency high intensity-EA(LFHI-EA), high frequency low intensity-EA(LFHI-EA), high frequency high intensity-EA(HFHI-EA)]. Futhermore, to make sympathectomy6-OHDA and phentolamine were administered intraperitonially and the concentration of norepinephrine(NE) were measured. As a ATP blocker, suramin was applied for this study. Results : Comparing to control group, each of the 4 groups(LFLI-EA, LFHI-EA, HFLI-EA, HFHI-EA) showed a significant reduction of response frequency of mechanical allodynia. LFHI-EA was more effective than that of LFLI-EA. The LFHI-EA group also had longer lasting effects from the stimulation than the other groups. Sympathectomy didn't show any reduction of response frequency of mechanical allodynia.(Each n=6, n=4). Nor did both sympathectomy and ATP block. The response frequency wasn't reduced by sympathectomy or by sympathectomy and ATP block, but was significantly reduced with LFHI-EA Conclusions : These results suggest that EA has a significant analgesic effect on mechanical allodynia which has no connection with NE and/or ATP.

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The effect of sensory stimulation on different sites of the body on arterial blood pressures and heart rates (혈압과 심박동에 대한 경혈자극 및 피부 분절 자극 효과의 비교연구)

  • Yu, Gi-Yong;Lee, Gwang-Yun;Min, Byung-Il;Ko, Eun-Sang;Kim, Ji-Hoon;Hong, Mu-Chang
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.147-158
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    • 2002
  • Objective : The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of stimulation on different sites of the body on MBP(mean blood pressure) and HR(heart rate). Methods : Six healthy men have participated in this study. Before and after 10 min, exercise on a running machine of l0km/hr, acupressure, plain acupuncture and electroacupuncture(50Hz) stimulation was practiced on GV20, LI4, ST36, BL40 and non-acupoints on T4 and T10 respectively for 20 min. and in a control group without any treatment. The changes of MBP and HR after exercise have been observed for 20 min. at 5 minute intervals. Results : Compared with control, no significant difference was observed in research of the blood pressure measurement regardless of methods nor sites of stimulation. But there were trends of reduction in the heart rates in all experimental groups. Especially, in the group of acupressure on T10 before exercise, GV20, T10 after exercise and electroacupuncture on GV20, LI4, BL40 after exercise there was statistically significant decreases in heart rates. Conclusion : From the present experiment, it is concluded that somatic stimulation has effect on the heart rates but not on the blood pressures, and the presence of effective sites on the decreases of heart rates suggest that this effect may depend on sites of stimulation.

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Effect of Electroacupuncture Stimulation on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults (전침 자극이 정상 성인의 심박변동에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Min-su;Kwak, Min-ah;Jang, Woo-seok;Rhie, Ki-tae;Jeong, Kee-sam;Jung, Tae-young;Seo, Jung-chul;Seo, Hae-gyoung;An, Hee-duk
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.157-169
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    • 2003
  • Objective : The effects of electroacupuncture(EA) stimulation on heart rate variability(HRV) for healthy adults are investigated with power spectrum analysis(PSA) of HRV. Methods : The HRVs of every 10 minute for 22 healthy volunteers(13 men and 9 women) were measured for an hour with SA-3000P(Medicore Co., Ltd., Korea). The median age with arithmetic range of 13 men and 9 women was 26.00 years with 22.75~27.00 years. The initial 20 minutes were defined as baseline period(pre-EA period), the following 20 minutes as the EA period and the last 20 minutes as the post-EA period. In each EA periods, volunteers received EA(2Hz, 0.6~0.8ms duration, maximal tolerated stimulation without discomfort) on the right Zusanli(ST36), Shangjuxu(ST37) acupoints while supine, resting. Results : Heart rate of volunteers at post-EA period was significantly decreased compare to that of pre-EA period, while SDNN at post-EA period was significantly increased. Heart rate at EA period was significantly decreased compare to that of pre-EA period, but Ln(LF) and LF/HF at EA period were significantly increased. Ln(HF) at post-EA period was significantly decreased compare to that of EA period, while the other variables were not significantly changed. Conclusions : The results suggest that EA in healthy adults is associated with changed activity in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Further study is needed for investigating the effects of EA on HRV and autonomic nervous system.

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Alterations of Cerebral Metabolic Activation Following Electro-Acupuncture Stimulation on ST36 and LR3 Acu-Points in Rats (흰쥐의 족삼리 및 태충 전침자극에 따른 뇌대사활성의 변화)

  • Sohn, Young-Joo;Jung, Hyuk-Sang;Ku, Ja-Seung;Won, Ran;Kim, Yong-Suk;Park, Young-Bae;Sohn, Nak-Won
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.159-174
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    • 2002
  • Objective : The meridian theory in oriental medicine explains that each acu-point has a characteristic functional effect. It will be supposed that an acupuncture stimulation on different acu-point evokes different activation on different areas in the central nervous system(CNS) according to the meridian theory. On this supposition, our group tried the semi-quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose([14C]2-DG) autoradiography on the acupuncture stimulation to the hindlimb acu-points of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : A venous catheter for the intravenous administration of isotope was equipped in the right external jugular vein on 3 days prior to the [14C]2-DG study. On the day of the study, two acupuncture needles were inserted into the ST36(Zusanli) or LR3(Taichong) on the left hindlimb. Electro-acupuncture stimulation (2 Hz, 5 ms, 1~3 mA, 15 minutes) started just before the i.v. injection of [14C]2-DG ($25{\mu}Ci/rat$). The brain and the spinal cord were removed and processed for the [14C] 2-DG autoradiography. Results : The EA stimulation on ST36 reveals over 120% metaboilc activation in Arcuate nucleus, Anterior pretectal nucleus, Dorsal cochlear nucleus, Interposed cerebellar nucleus, and Nucleus of Darkschewitsch. The EA stimulation on LR3 reveals over 120% metaboilc activation in Lateral habenula nucleus, Medial vestibular nucleus, Ventromedial thalamic nucleus, Anteroventral thalamic nucleus, Anterior cingulate cortex, Dentate gyrus, Antero cortical amygdaloid nucleus, Anterior pretectal nucleus, and Dorsal tegmental nucleus compared with the non EA stimulation control group. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the different acu-points evoke the different activations in brain areas. And with this functional brain mapping study, a new scientific elucidation for the basis of the acupuncture-meridian theory in oriental medicine through differences of activated area in CNS according to the each acupuncture point.

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The Analgesic Effect and the Mechanism of Electroacupuncture on Thermal Hyperalgesia in the Rat Model of Collagenase-induced Arthritis: Mediation by Adrenergic Receptors (Collagenase-induced Arthritis Rat Model에서 Thermal Hyperalgesia에 대한 전침(電鍼)의 진통효과(鎭痛效果) 및 기전연구: Adrenergic Mechanism에 대(對)한 연구(硏究))

  • Seo, Byung-Kwan;Park, Dong-Suk;Baek, Yong-Hyeon
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.57-67
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    • 2011
  • 목적 : Collagenase-induced osteoarthritis(OA) 동물 모델에서 전침의 adrenergic mechanism을 연구하고자 한다. 방법 : Collagenase-induced arthritis(CIA)를 유발하기 위하여 5주령의 male Sprague-Dawley rat의 뒷다리 좌측 무릎 관절에 0.05ml의 4mg/ml collagenase solution을 intra-articular 주입하고, 다시 4일 후에 같은 부위에 같은 농도의 collagenase solution을 intra-articular boosting injection 시행한 뒤, gross, histopathological features 및 biomarker activity 변화를 관찰하였다. 예비실험을 통하여 CIA rat model에서 진통효과를 발휘하는 것으로 확인한, 족삼리(足三里) ($ST_{36}$)에 대한 저빈도 train pulse EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.07 mA, 0.3ms)을 침치료 방법으로 적용하였다. 전침의 진통기전을 확인하기 위하여, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic antagonist (prazosin, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist (yohimbine, 2mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor agonist(phenylephrine, 2mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor agonist(clonidine, $40{\mu}g$/kg, i.p.)을 전침시행 20분 전에 복강 내로 전처치하였다. Tail flick unit(Ugo Basile Model 7360)을 이용하여 열자극에 대한 통증역치를 측정하였다. 결과 : 퇴행성관절염 징후(gross, histopathological features)와 통증역치의 변화가 최대값을 나타내는 CIA 유발 4주차에 저빈도 전침자극(train pulse, 2Hz, 0.07mA, 0.3ms)을 족삼리($ST_{36}$)에 적용하였으며, 족삼리 전침의 진통효과는 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist(yohimbine, 2mg/kg, i.p.)전처치에 의해 억제되었으나, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic antagonist(prazosin, 1 mg/kg, i.p.)전처치에는 억제되지 않았다. 또 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor agonist(clonidine, $40{\mu}g$/kg, i.p.)의 전처치를 통하여 유의한 synergistic analgesic effect가 관찰되었으나, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor agonist(phenylephrine, 2mg/kg, i.p.)의 전처치는 전침의 진통효과에 synergistic effect를 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 저빈도 족삼리 전침은 CIA로 유발된 염증성 통증에 대하여 진통효과를 발휘하며, 이는 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor에 의하여 매개되는 것으로 보이며 ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

Analgesic effect of acupuncture applied to $SI_6$ in a rat model of neuropathic pain (흰쥐의 신경병증성(神經病症性) 통증(痛症) 모델에서 양로(養老) 자침(刺鍼)의 진통효과(鎭痛效果))

  • Koo, Sung-Tae;Yang, Yoon-Jung;Kim, San;Yoo, In-Sik;Lim, Kyu-Sang
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.59-76
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    • 2004
  • Objectives : The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to yangno$(SI_6)$ on the neuropathic pain was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in human is a neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5 spinal nerve. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The foot withdraw latency of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : EA increased the mechanical threshold of the foot in the rat model of neuropathic pain significantly for the duration of 1 hr. suggesting a partial alleviation of pain. EA applied to SI6 point produced a significant improvement of mechanical sensitivity of the foot lasting for at least 1 h. However, $ST_{36}$ point did not produce any significant increase of mechanical sensitivity. The improvement of mechanical threshold was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effort was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a point, $ST_{36}$. In addition, this analgesic effect of EA is mediated by a adrenergic mechanism of descending control of spinal cord from the brain. Conclusions : The data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model in the rat; and 2) that EA-induced analgesia is mediated by a adrenergic mechanism of descending control in a point specific manner.

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Clinical Practice Guideline on Acupuncture for Post-stroke Spasticity (뇌졸중후 경직에 대한 침치료 임상진료지침)

  • Kim, Je-Shin;Shin, Seung-Won;Lee, Eui-Ju;Shin, Byung-Cheul;Lee, Myeong-Soo;Lim, Sung-Min;Nam, Dong-Woo;Moon, Sang-Kwan
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: This study is aimed to develop a Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) on acupuncture treatment for the patients with post-stroke spasticity. Methods: Experts committee, consisting of stroke or methodology specialists, searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and 19 Korean medicine journals. The search terms were selected to screen the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews for the effectiveness of acupuncture on post-stroke spasticity, compared with placebo or conventional group. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were appraised based on Recommendations for Development of Clinical Practice Guideline in Korean Medicine. Results & Conclusions: One systematic review and 7 RCT were included to build the CPG. There was a strong evidence to support the effectiveness of electroacupuncture treatment for post-stroke spasticity. However, it did not show any sufficient evidence to treat the patients with post-stroke spasticity with the sole acupuncture. The moderate evidence was presented that over 3 times of the electroacupuncture treatments with 1-100 Hz frequency should be performed every week on the acupoints, such as LI11, LI10, TE5, LI4, ST36, GB34, ST40, or LR3, for 20-30 minutes. It was also suggested that the procedure should begin at the acute stage just after the vital signs of the patients are stabilized. Finally, there was a moderate evidence to support safety of acupuncture treatment for post-stroke spasticity.

Current Status of Intervention Studies on Acupuncture for Parkinson's Disease

  • Kim, Deok Hyun;Sin, Dae Chul;Song, Ho Sueb
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2017
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment (AT) in the tendency of increase of the need for AT for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) worldwide and to investigate the advancements in AT research in Korea and the future directions of research on this topic. Methods : Until May 2017, the PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and four Korean databases were searched. The searched keywords were "Parkinson's disease", "Acupuncture", and "Intervention study". The intervention groups from all screened original studies were analyzed and the methods used to determine the effect of AT on PD were examined. Results : A total of 17 studies were grouped by country on the basis of the first author's position, of which 10 studies were conducted in China, four in the United States, two in Korea, and one in Brazil. The most common type of intervention was electroacupuncture (nine studies), followed by AT (six studies), and a combination of AT and bee venom AT (two studies). The most frequently used acupoints in AT were Baihui (GV20), Taichong (LR3), Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Yanglingquan (GB34). The most commonly used tool for evaluation of PD was the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III, which assesses motor functions. Conclusion : The screened studies reported that there were no adverse effects of AT on drug therapy, and AT reduced the dose of drugs used in PD treatment. Future studies on PD treatment with AT should use the acupoints GV20, LR3, ST36, SP6, and GB34, and the meridians Gallbladder meridian and Governor Vessel. Clinical studies on PD should use CONSORT or STRICTA to ensure the quality of national studies and allow the development of new tools for the assessment of the effect of AT on PD using the above criteria.

A Study on Depression with Acupuncture & Moxibustion Traetment in Chinese Medical Literature (우울증(憂鬱症)의 침구치료(鍼灸治療)에 관(關)한 중의문헌(中醫文獻)의 고찰(考察))

  • Kim, Yeo-jin;Park, Dong-suk;Lee, Yun-ho
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.223-234
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    • 2005
  • Objective : The objective of this study was to research depression with acupuncture & moxibustion treatment. Methods : We searched Chinese Medical Literature(published from 1985~2002) related to depression and acupuncture. Results : 1) PC6(內關), HT7(神門), ST36(足三里), GV20(百會), LR3(太衝), SP6(三陰交) are much used for the treatment depression. 2. LR3(太衝), CV17(전중), GB34(陽陵泉), ST40(豊隆), PC6(內關) are much used for the excess type of depression and PC6(內關), SP6(三陰交), HT7(神門), BL15(心兪) are much used for deficiency type of depression. 3. ST36(足三里), SP6(三稜交), HT7(神門), PC6(內關), HT5(通里), KI1(通泉) are used for the treatment depression in electroacupuncture therapy. BL15(心兪), BL20(脾兪),ST36(足三里) are used for the treatment depression in acupoint injection therapy. 4. In dermal needle therapy, it is used to tap slightly until the skin becomes congested in the region of Bladder meridian and nape, back of Governor Vessel. 5. It seems that psychotherapy, music therapy and light therapy will be applied for the treatment of depression. Conclusion : We expect that acupuncture treatment of depression will be applied practically in clinical medicine due to further study on depression with acupuncture.

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Differential changes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the cerebral cortex of the rat after repeated electroacupuncture

  • Kim, Yong-Suk;Kim, Jong-In;Kim, Chang-Hwan;Yoo, Jin-Hwa;Huh, Young-Buhm
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 2005
  • This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on Choksamni(ST36), a well-known acupuncture site, on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase(NADPH-d), neuropeptide Y(NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) in the cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). EA on Choksamni was applied using 2Hz electrical biphasic pulses of 10min, 3 times a week for a total of 10 sessions. Thereafter we evaluated changes in NADPH-d-positive neurons histochemically and changes in NPY and VIP-positive neurons immunohistochemically. The optical density of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the Choksamni group was significantly lower in all areas of the cerebral cortex than in the control group. However, the optical density of NPY-positive neurons in the Choksamni group was similar to that of the controls in most areas of the cerebral cortex, with the exception of the primary motor and visual cortices. The optical density of VIP-positive neurons in the Choksamni group was significantly decreased as compared to the control group in most areas of the cerebral cortex, with the exception of the cingulate cortex. The present results demonstrated that EA on Choksamni changes the activity of the NO system, and that stimulation at the same level, causes selective changes within the peptidergic system in the cerebral cortex of SHR.

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