• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.567-573
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• 2012

Outer rotor type in-wheel Blushless DC Motor(BLDCM) for three-wheeled electric vehicle is researched. In-wheel system is to drive the electric vehicle without mechanical transmission, shaft, differential gears or other mechanical system. The motor is designed considering the performance requirements and drive modes of the vehicle. The determined dimensions as well as the slot and rotor pole are simulated by magnetic and thermal finite element analysis and ansys workbench to analyze the performance and heating of the motor. In order to verify the performance characteristics of the proposed motor, the experiment tests are executed and satisfy well the requirements.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1035-1047
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• 2015

Starting from a new dynamic system description novel synchronous machine deterministic observers are proposed. Reduced and full order adaptive observer variations are presented. Based on the feedback linearization control law and the use of deterministic observer a novel control system is built. It meets the requirements of high performance tracking system. Adaptivity to stator and rotor resistance and the torque sensorless application is included. The comparison of the proposed novel control with conventional linear and nonlinear control systems is discussed. The given simulational study includes complete drive system integration.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.3B no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2003

This paper deals with the design and the characteristic analysis of a coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor. Because a direct-drive wheel motor is easily derived from it, the AFPM motor is very suitable for application in an electric scooter. Compared to a conventional motor of the same size and weight, the AFPM motor is proven to have more power and torque per unit weight. In this paper, an AFPM coreless motor with a double-sided rotor disk equipped with Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnets is designed and a prototype of the motor is manufactured, which will be properly applied for the low-speed, and high-torque direct drive required for the electric scooter. The manufactured prototype of the motor has a rating of 300W, 510rpm, 5.6Nm, and 85% efficiency.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.919-924
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• 2016

This paper proposes a robust control design method for improving the cornering stability of a personal electric vehicle equipped with in-wheel motors. In general, vehicles undergo severe parameter variations and unpredictable disturbances with respect to a wide range of driving conditions (e.g., road surface conditions and vehicle velocity conditions). For this reason, robust control design techniques are required to guarantee consistent driving performances and robustness against various driving conditions. In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode control method is employed to enhance cornering stability by controlling the direct-drive in-wheel motors independently. Additionally, in order to confirm the effectiveness of a proposed control method, real driving tests with an experimental personal electric vehicle are performed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.309-314
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• 2011

Outer rotor type in-wheel switched reluctance motor for Welfare neighborhood electric vehicle is researched. In-wheel system is to drive the electric vehicle without mechanical transmission, shaft, differential gears or other mechanical system. To calculate drive power for each wheels, the elder's and disable's safety driving conditions are considered. The designed outer rotor SRM has a 6-stator and 8-rotor pole. The determined dimensions as well as the stator and rotor pole arc are simulated and tested with CAD and finite element analysis to verify the performance of the proposed motor.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1025-1026
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• 2007

Recently study on components for a electric golf car and a utility car driven by a electric motor has been performed actively, and the study on a drive motor, a inverter and a battery focuses on a small, light weight and high power density source to improve fuel efficiency using limited electric energy. Especially, since a utility car such as a golf car performance depends on initial acceleration and maximum speed capability, a drive system requires high power and large and wide operation area, This study therefore investigates on the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with high power density and wide operation, and is verified with the test result after design and characteristic analysis is performed

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.7 s.115
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• pp.22-25
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• 1986

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2010

In recent, there are tremendous requirements to improve the fuel economy of vehicle. For satisfaction of requirements, Hybrid Electric Vehicle or other technologies are suggested and implemented. However, it should be noted that almost 35% energy loss is occurred in the shape of exhaust gas as ever. For increase the efficiency of vehicle, it is certain that the exhaust gas energy should be recover, and generate energy. In previous studies, the technologies such as turbo-compound, thermoelectric and rankine cycle are suggested to recover the exhaust heat energy in vehicle. But, they focus on the conventional vehicle or parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle has advantage that the engine and drive shaft are de-coupled. It means that the engine can be operated in high efficiency area regardless with vehicle states. Therefore, if rankine cycle is applied to series hybrid electric vehicle, operating condition of that becomes almost steady. So, in this study, theoretical analysis on the efficiency of rankine cycle applied to series hybrid electric city bus is carried and the energy recovered from exhaust gas during vehicle drive cycle is calculated.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 2009

Electric vehicles (EV) are developing fast during this decade due to drastic issues on the protection of environment and the shortage of energy sources, so new technologies allow the development of electric vehicles (EV) by means of electric motors associated with static converters. The proposed propulsion system consists of two induction motors (IM) that ensure the drive of the two back driving wheels. The electronic differential system ensures the robust control of the vehicle behavior on the road. It also allows controlling, independently, every driving wheel to turn at different speeds in any curve. This paper presents the study of an hybrid Fuzzy-sliding mode control (SMC) strategy for the electric vehicle driving wheels, stability improvement, in which the fuzzy logic system replace the discontinuous control action of the classical SMC law. Our electric vehicle fuzzy-sliding mode control's simulated in Matlab SIMULINK environment, the results obtained present the efficiency of the proposed control with no overshoot, the rising time is perfected with good disturbances rejections comparing with the classical control law.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.530-543
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• 2013

This paper describes a control scheme of speed sensorless fuzzy direct torque control (FDTC) of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle (EV). Electric vehicle requires fast torque response and high efficiency of the drive. Speed sensorless FDTC In-wheel PMSM drives without mechanical speed sensors at the motor shaft have the attractions of low cost, quick response and high reliability in electric vehicle application. This paper presents a new approach to estimate the speed of in-wheel electrical vehicles based on Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS). The direct torque control suffers in low speeds due to the effect of changes in stator resistance on the flux measurements. To improve the system performance at low speeds, a PI-fuzzy resistance estimator is proposed to eliminate the error due to changes in stator resistance. High performance sensorless drive of the in-wheel motor based on MRAS with on line stator resistance tuning is established for four motorized wheels electric vehicle and the whole system is simulated by matalb/simulink. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the new control strategy. This proposed control strategy is extensively used in electric vehicle application.