• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2020

This study analyzed the appropriate placement method by floor for evacuating all occupants during the nighttime through evacuation simulation. The analysis results are as follows. First, when non-self evacuating patients were placed on the first floor, 266 patients and 6 workers were found to be evacuated after 460 seconds. This result shows that it is meaningful to place non-self evacuating patients on the lower floor with a time that is faster than 540 seconds, which is an evaluation criterion set using life Safety standards for human. This result is a time faster than the evaluation criteria of 540 seconds, which is set using the life safety standards, and it can be confirmed that it is meaningful to place non-self evacuating patients on the lower floor. Next, as a result of placing non-self evacuating patients from the first floor to the fourth floor, it was found that evacuation of all occupants required 460 seconds for the first floor, 834 seconds for the second floor, 1,508 seconds for the third floor, and 1,915 seconds for the fourth floor. These results indicate that the placement of non-self evacuating patients on the rest of the floors, except for the first floor, can lead to dangerous results in excess of 540 seconds, which is a flashover time. As a result, it is necessary to place non-self evacuating patients on a lower floor for safe evacuation. The study has limitations except for comparative analysis of changes in evacuation time due to changes in the number of workers at eldery care hospitals and situations in which fire-fighting facilities such as sprinkler facilities operated. It is necessary to study the evacuation time linked to the operation of the fire-fighting facilities and the evacuation time according to the change in the number of workers in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.482-492
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was a qualitative research study in which focus group interviews were used to collect data on the meaning of respite for family caregivers who are taking care of elders with dementia. Methods: The focus group interviews and participants consisted of 2 family caregiver groups, for a total of 8 people taking care of their elders and 5 professional caregivers working in a geriatrics hospital or social welfare institutions. Content analysis was used and debriefing notes were referred in order to analyze the data. Results: The meaning of respite in this research was measured using 4 main categories: 'Temporary break from routine', 'direct help', 'psychological comfort', 'valuables which cannot be taken easily' and 9 subcategories: 'Temporary diversion of attention', 'temporarily free from my duty', 'taking care of oneself', 'receiving economic help', 'empathize with others', 'comfort based on trust', 'resting together with the elder', 'no time to rest', 'cannot get out of one's obligatory duty'. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that rest means not only a temporary relief from caretaking, but also a real respite based on the patients' stable state and comfort. These results indicate a new meaning for respite, that the first step of respite program has to begin even when the caregivers do not recognize the need for respite.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to have detailed data of the distribution, locations, and the amount of people in the waiting line of the nursing home. Also, we studied the accessibility to the facilities by using Web GIS to analyze the transit time it takes from the nursing home to health center and hospitals. We can provide the basic data that could contribute when future plans for the nursing homes' locations, health and medical policy are made. The results are as follows. 1. The nursing homes are stiffly concentrated in regions of Seoul and Gyeongi-do where large number of the elderly covered by long-term care insurance and the waiting line was very long for the elderlies to enter the nursing homes. In these cities of Ulsan and Jeju where number of the elderly covered by long-term care insurance is relatively small, there were less facilities. 2. The nursing homes located in urban areas had higher occupancy rate and higher number of people in the waiting line. 3. The average time taken by driving from the nursing homes and health center was 10 minutes and there was not a noticeable difference between the cities. Driving from the nursing homes to hospitals in rural areas took 22 minutes which is 2.5 times of the time taken for urban areas. Daegu-si and Incheon-si had relatively short distance from the nursing homes and the hospitals while Jeju-do had the furthest. For rural areas, it is needed for health center to be equipped with a wider medical coverage, have closely connected with hospitals to minimize the differences they have from ones in rural areas. It is also needed to have ambulances equipped for tele-medical examination and treatment system.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.560-570
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of diabetic foot care education for the older adults with low health literacy. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest was used. The participants who were diagnosed with diabetes, were adults over 65 years old at the welfare center of Y and B city. They were divided into the experimental group (n=32) and the control group (n=31). Inclusion criteria were a score of 5 or under on the Short form of Korean Functional Health Literacy Test and 24 or more on the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination. Foot care education was conducted in a small group for 40 minutes, once a week, for three weeks. The education materials are composed of an easy term, picture and photographs to understand easily. Results: The scores of diabetic foot care knowledge (t=4.57, p<.001), foot care self-efficacy (t=6.07, p<.001), and foot self-care behavior (t=4.18, p<.001) were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Foot health status was not significantly improved. Conclusion: The findings indicate that this education program can be used as a nursing intervention improving foot care knowledge, foot care self-efficacy, and foot self-care behavior in order to prevent the diabetic foot problems of elderly diabetic persons with low health literacy.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Presently there is an increasing demand for home health care services due to changes in the demographic structure as a result of an increasing elderly population, socio-economic improvements, and changes in the family structure, as well as the growing number of people with degenerative diseases. In addition to these reasons, rising medical costs and there a shortage of patient beds space in the hospital, particularly since introduction of national medical insurance. There has been an increasing demand for health care health care services. This study was done to identify the basic data for home health care management. It focused on developing client selection criteria, assessment tools, and recording methods. This was accomplished by the researchers visiting the patients in their homes. The research process included preparation investigation, tool development, training of the project researcher, and visiting the clients in their homes. The research tools are as follows : 1. Record development : a) The selection criteria tool for home health care of postpartum women was a structured tool and consisted of four parts. b) The structured assessment tool consisted of a general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before admission, laboratory test results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of postpartum women and their newborns. c) The visit note I consisted of the frequency of visits. Visit note II consisted of the date ; nursing problems ; nursing process including the initial assessment ; nursing goal ; visit plan ; postpartum women and their neonate health status, diagnosis, goal, implementation, evaluation, summary, next plan, for visit revision. d) Problem note consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnosis, problem appearance date problem resolution date. The research results are as follows : 1. Nursing problems : The nursing problems of the postpartum women and their neonates were evaluated by the number of nursing diagnoses and the change in the pattern of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. a) Nursing diagnosis The nursing diagnosis was classified according to physical function, psychosocial function, family system maintained function. b) The changes of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. As the type of nursing diagnosis changed related to the number of visits the number of nursing diagnoses decreased. 2. Contents of home health care : The content was categorized according to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care, reporting to with the attending doctor. The recommendations based on the research results are as follows : 1. Tool development Replication of this study is needed to test the validity of the assessment tools used. 2. Home visit a) Home health care nurses should be licensed and qualified. A referral form from the attending doctor is needed for legal protection of nurses. b) The first home visit need to be within 24 hours of discharge from the hospital to decrease the anxiety of frightened postpartum women. c) When the changes occur in the newborn's status, home health care nurses should consult a pediatrician. Communication within the home healthcare team is essential and needs to consistent and done smoothly. 3. Home health care A Study is required to develop protocols for education of staff and for operation of all aspects of this program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.328-336
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• 2014

This work has performed to find what activities of daily living are required for the intensive interests when inpatient elderly more than 3 months has been supported and convalescent care, where the inpatient elderly were judged by the inpatient assessment report in the time of December, 2013. According to the estimation with logistic function of the relationship between the state of decision making recognition technology and the Activities of Daily Living(ADL), the intensive cares for the elderly are required in the parameters of 'Having meal' and 'transferring sitting' when they are severed and convalescently cared as the degree of functional independence for ADL are severly proceeded. In addition, the senescence and disease the activities except 'Having meal' and 'transferring sitting' seem to be influenced by the decline of body function more than the state of decision making recognition technology for daily living.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.675-685
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of house dust mite (HDM)-sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in elderly patients with AR. Methods: A total of 45 patients aged ${\geq}60years$ with HDM-induced AR who had ${\geq}3$ A/H ratio on skin prick test and/or ${\geq}0.35IU/L$ to both Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by ImmunoCAP were enrolled in 4 university hospitals. To evaluate additional effects of HDM-SLIT, they were randomized to the SLIT-treated group (n = 30) or control group (n = 15). Rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score (RTSS), rhinoscopy score, Korean rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, rhinitis control assessment test, asthma control test scores, and adverse reactions, were assessed at the first visit (V1) and after 1 year of treatment (V5); for immunological evaluation, serum levels of HDM-specific immunoglobulin A/IgE/IgG1/IgG4 antibodies and basophil response to HDMs were compared between V1 and V5 in both groups. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics, RTSS, skin reactivity to HDMs, or serum total/specific IgE levels to HDMs (P > 0.05, respectively) between the 2 groups. Nasal symptom score and RTSS decreased significantly at year 1 in the 2 groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in percent decrease in nasal symptom score and RTSS at year 1 between the 2 groups (P > 0.05); however, rhinoscopic nasal symptom score decreased significantly in the SLIT-treated group (P < 0.05). Immunological studies showed that serum specific IgA levels (not specific IgE/IgG) and CD203c expression on basophils decreased significantly at V5 in the SLIT-treated group (P = 0.011 and P = 0.001, respectively), not in the control group. The control group required more medications compared to the treatment group, but there were no differences in adverse reactions. Conclusions: It is suggested that HDM-SLIT for 1 year could induce symptom improvement and may induce immunomodulation in elderly rhinitis patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.197-209
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was done to examine good death awareness, attitudes toward advance directives (ADs), and preference for care near the end-of-life (PCEOL) of hospitalized elders in long-term care hospitals. Relevant characteristics were investigated as well as correlation of the variables. Methods: This descriptive research study involved 161 hospitalized elderly patients in long-term care hospitals. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure Good Death Scale, ADs Survey, PCEOL Scale, and general characteristics. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation with SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: In terms of good death awareness, a significant difference was observed; in according to age (F=3.35, p=.037), payer of treatment costs (F=3.98, p=.021), mobility (F=3.97, p=.021), heard discussion about ADs (t=-3.89, p<.001), and willing to complete ADs (t=2.12, p=.036). As far as attitudes toward ADs, the participants presented significant difference depending on religion (t=2.38, p=.018), average monthly income (F=3.91, p=.022), duration of hospital admission (F=5.33, p=.006), person to discuss ADs (t=-2.76, p=.006). On PCEOL, there was a significant difference, depending on religion (t=-3.59, p<.001) and perceived health status (F=3.93, p=.022). Finally, as for how the variables were related to each other, good death awareness and attitudes toward ADs had a weak positive correlation with PCEOL. Conclusion: To help seniors staying in nursing homes face a good death and enjoy autonomy, there should be educational and support systems that reflect each individual's sociodemographic characteristics so that the seniors can choose what kind of care they want to receive near the end-of-life.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and assess the impact of an integrated infection control education program on the awareness, attitudes, and performance of infection control among caregivers in long-term care facilities. Methods: Participants were recruited from two long-term care facilities with 25 caregivers in both the experimental group and the control group. This study used non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental pre-post design. The effectiveness of a developed Integrated Infection Control Education Program was evaluated based on infection control awareness, attitudes, and performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 28.0 through descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and independent t-tests. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of awareness (t=-5.00, p<.001), attitude (t=-4.91, p<.001), and performance (t=-6.66, p<.001) of infection control between the two groups. Conclusion: Given these results, the integrated infection control education program significantly improved infection control awareness, attitudes, and performance among caregivers in long-term care facilities. This study is noteworthy because it provided comprehensive education on infection control practices to caregivers in environments that are particularly susceptible to infections, especially following COVID-19. This educational program is actively utilized and validated in practice, it would enhance the infection control performance of caregivers, thereby reducing infection rates within facilities, shortening the length of stay for elderly residents in long term care facilities, and contributing to the reduction of healthcare costs.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.210-228
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• 2002

Background: The purpose of this research was to examine the fall incidence rate and its related factors of fall in inpatients. Methods: The data were collected from the 138 fall incident reports in one tertiary hospital in Seoul from April 1st 1999 to September 30th 2001. The Fall Incident Report Form was originally developed based on that of Massachusetts General Hospital revised in 1995. And this was modified for this survey by the collaborating work of QI team including researcher and department of nursing service of this particular hospital. The contents of Fall Incident Form were general characteristics of patient. factors related to fall. types and places of fall. circumstances, nursing interventions. and outcome. Results: 1) The incidence rate of fall was 0.08% of total discharged patients and 0.081 per 1000 patient-day. This incidence rate is much lower than that of several hospitals in USA. This finding might result from the different incidence report system of each hospital. 2) The characteristics of fall-prone patient were found as follows. They were mostly over 60 years old, in alert mental status, ambulatory with some assistance, and dependent on ambulatory device. The types of diseases related high incidence rate were cerebrovascular disease(3.2), hypertension(1.6), cardiovascular disease(1.4), diabetes(1.3) and liver disease(0.6). 3) The majority of fall events usually occurred m bed. bedside(walking or standing) and bathroom in patient room. Usually they were up on their own when they fell. And there were more falls of elderly occurred during night time than day or evening. 4) 63.8% of fall events resulted in physical injuries such as fracture and usually the patients had diagnostic procedures and some treatment(ex. suture) which caused additional cost to the patients and their families. 5) The found risk factors of fall were drugs(antihypertensive drug, diuretics) and environmental factors like too high bed height, long distance of bedside table and lamp switch, and slippery tile of bathroom floor. Conclusion: Considering these results, every medical and nursing staff should be aware of the risk factors of patients in hospital, and should intervene more actively the preventive managements, specially for the elderly patients during night. Therefore, it is recommended that the development of Fall Prevention Programs based on these results.