• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2005

Rotator interval should be as loose as possible, though not so loose as to break the shoulder mechanism. This region is a source of significant shoulder pathology resulting in patient discomfort and dysfunction. The clinical features fall into two categories. Rotator interval tightness is associated with impingement, contracture with adhesive capsulitis, and widening with anteroinferior, posterior or multidirectional instability. Coracoid impingement can cause damage to the structures of the rotator interval, Injury of the interval are associated with subscapularis tears as well as biceps tendinitis, fraying, subluxation, and dislocation. An understanding of the normal and pathologic anatomy can lead to successful diagnosis and treatment of lesions in the rotator interval.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Purpose : We investigated the effects of microcurrent(MC) electrical stimulation on each intensity($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$ - 30pps frequency was same) on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Methods : Subjects were assigned randomly divided into three groups of eight for three different treatment protocoals($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$-experimental groups). Twenty-four healthy males and females subjects were participated in this study. All subjects performed eccentric exercise of elbow flexor(biceps brachii) until exhausted. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle strength were Nicholas Manual Muscle Taster(NMMT). The measured items of elbow joint range of motion ROM) were Goniometer. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle pain were visual analogue scale(VAS). Treatment were applied at 30 minute exercise after and again at 24 hours and at 48 hours and at 72 hours after. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of Results using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA) and post hoc tests were as follows: two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement for muscle strength, flexion ROM, extension ROM and VAS. Results : This results showed eccentric exercise casused DOMS, DOMS response to eccentric exercise were reduces by microcurrent therapy. DOMS was significant decreased at $100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$. Muscle strength was significant difference at all intensity. Elbow flexion ROM was significant difference at all intensity but elbow extension ROM was insignificant difference at all intensity. VAS score was significant difference at $100{\mu}A$ and $500{\mu}A$ but insignificant difference at $200{\mu}A$. All experimental groups showed insignificant difference with all intensity MENS. Conclusion : These findings indicate that microcurrent therapy is had effect on recovery from exercise induced muscle damage. In our's suggestion, microcurrent therapy is particularly more appropriate therapeutic modality.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Purpose: Many kinds of musculoskeletal disease and symptom are caused by the longtime computer works. However, trapezius muscle tonus has not been established in regarding to keyboard height during typing. Therefore, this study is to evaluate the relationship between trapezius muscle tonus and the height of keyboard while typing, controling for the postures of neck, Lumbar, cervical vertebra. Methods: The experimental height of keyboard was set at elbow height, 3cm higher, 6cm higher, 9cm higher, than elbow. We studied trapezius tonus with the mean value for 2 minutes by EMG in 15 males and 15 females worker of hospital in seoul, who did not have a history of muscle disease, neurological signs, nerve damage. Results: In this experimental, as the height of the keyboard went up, the trapezius tonus significantly increased with shoulder abduction of brachium. Second, right and left trapezius tonus appeared similar while typing. Third, the best height that release the trapezius tonus the was as high as elbow and 3cm higher than elbow. Conclusion: With these above results, we suggest that the appropriate height of keyboard during typing to release the trapezius tonus most is the height of the elbow and 3cm higher than elbow. The study has important implications for focusing on the height of VDT worktable and complaining of a pain by oneself which are useful to establish a method of prevention of musculoskeletal disorder in work in the future.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.122-129
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• 2020

To conduct probabilistic seismic fragility analysis for nuclear power plants, it is very important to define the failure modes and criteria that can represent actual serious accidents. The seismic design criteria for piping systems, however, cannot fully reflect serious accidents because they are based on plastic collapse and cannot express leakage, which is the actual limit state. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly define the limit state for reliable probabilistic seismic fragility analysis. Therefore, in this study, the limit state of the SCH80 3-inch steel pipe elbow, the vulnerable part of piping systems, was defined as leakage, and the in-plane cyclic loading test was conducted. Moreover, an attempt was made to quantify the failure criteria for the steel pipe elbow using the damage index, which was based on the dissipated energy that used the moment-deformation angle relationship.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of injuries and the types of movement related to damage by body parts, and to prepare for prevention of injuries and development of a training program. Method: For this study, the experiment was conducted according to levels of 60 percentages (ST) and 85 percentages (MA) and 10 subjects from the Korean elite national weightlifting team were included. Furthermore, we analyzed joint moment and muscle activation pattern with three-dimensional video analysis. Ground reaction force and EMG analyses were performed to measure the factors related to injuries and motion. Results: Knee reinjuries such as anterior cruciate ligament damage caused by deterioration of the control ability for the forward movement function of the tibia based on the movement of the biceps femoris when the rectus femoris is activated with the powerful last-pull movement. In particular, athletes with previous or current injuries should perceive a careful contiguity of the ratio of the biceps femoris to the rectus femoris. This shows that athletes can exert five times greater force than the injury threshold in contrast to the inversion moment of the ankle, which is actively performed for a powerful last pull motion and is positively considered in terms of intentional motion. It is activated by excessive adduction and internal rotation moment to avoid excessive abduction and external rotation of the knee at lockout motion. It is an injury risk to muscles and ligaments, causing large adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the knee. Adduction moment in the elbow joint increased to higher than the injury threshold at ST (60% level) in the lockout phase. Hence, all athletes are indicated to be at a high risk of injury of the elbow adductor muscle. Lockout motion is similar to the "high five" posture, and repetitive training in this motion increases the likelihood of injuries because of occurrence of strong internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder. Training volume of lockout motion has to be considered when developing a training program. Conclusion: The important factors related to injury at snatch include B/R rate, muscles to activate the adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the elbow joint in the lockout phase, and muscles to activate the internal rotation moment at the shoulder joint in the lockout phase.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of debridement arthroplasty using the posteromedial approach in elbow joints with pain and bony limitation of motion. Materials and Methods: This study involved 16 elbows in 16 patients with pain and bony limitation of motion, which were treated by debridement arthroplasty using the posteromedial approach from March 2005 to March 2008. The mean follow up period was 27.6 (13~52) months. The clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for pain scale, the preoperative and postoperative range of motion and the Mayo Elbow Performance Scores(MEPS). Results: The VAS was decreased significantly from a preoperative mean of 4.5 to a postoperative mean 1.1 (p<0.001). The average arc of motion improved significantly from $61.6 (0~90)^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $109.4 (80-120)^{\circ}$ postoperatively (p<0.001). The MEPS also improved significantly from 59.4 to 85.6 postoperatively (p<0.001). There were no complications, such as hematoma and elbow instability. Conclusion: Debridement arthroplasty using the posteromedial approach is a useful surgical procedure in the elbow joint with pain and bony limitation of motion, where all compartments can be debrided, the ulnar nerve can be manipulated easily and damage to the medial collateral ligament can be minimized.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1633-1638
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• 2003

In case that in-leakage through the valve disk occurs, a numerical study is performed to estimate on thermal stratification phenomenon in the Safety Injection piping connected with the Reactor Coolant System piping of Nuclear Power Plant. As the leakage flow rate increases, the temperature difference between top and bottom of horizontal piping has the inflection point. In the connection point of valve and piping, the maximum temperature difference between top and bottom was 185K and occurred in the condition of 10 times of standard leakage flow rate. In the connection point of elbow and horizontal piping, the maximum temperature difference was 145K and occurred in the condition of 15 times of standard leakage flow rate. In the vertical piping of Safety Injection piping, the near of connection point between elbow and vertical piping showed the outstanding thermal stratification phenomenon in comparison with another region because of turbulent penetration from Reactor Coolant System piping. In order to prevent damage of piping due to the thermal stratification when in-leakage through the valve disk occurs, the connection points between valve and piping, and the connection points between elbow and piping need to be inspected continually.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation coefficients between delayed muscle soreness after eccentric exercise, muscle strength, CPK, and ALD. Subjects of this study were 9 male students. CPK, ALD that known as the indicators of muscle damage and eccentric strength of the Lt elbow flexors were measured prior to exercise. After measurements Hey Perform an isokinetic eccentric exercise of flexor group of 1 elbow(10 repetitions 3 bouts) by make use of KIN-COM isokinetic device. After exercise, CPK, ALD, and peak torque of elbow flexor group was measured at the just after exercise, 24hr after, 72hr after. Also muscle soreness level was evaluated at same intervals by make use of VAS(visual analog scale). The results were as follows : 1 . There was significant differencess or muscle soreness, CPK, ALD, peak torque with the passage or recovery time (p<0.001). 2. There was negative correlation coefficients between CPK and peak torque at 24hr after(p<0.05). 3. There was positive correlation coefficients between ALD and CPK at 24hr after(p<0.05). 4. There was no correlation coefficients between other variables but ALD was the most important factors that can be explains the muscle sur eness very well.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2018

Since shoulder have a higher proportion of muscle which would have low electrical resistance, there could be more electrical damage to the rotator cuff muscles. We present a patient with acute rotator cuff tear by sudden uncontrolled jerking contractions caused by an electrical shock. A case of 42-year-old man with acute rotator cuff tear due to electrical injury to the shoulder was presented. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a full thickness tear and an undulating appearance of the peripheral end of the torn supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle, suggesting an acute complete rupture. By arthroscopic surgery, the torn rotator cuff tendons were repaired with a suture bridge technique. At the final follow-up, the patient had a full, pain-free range of motion and had fully recovered shoulder muscle power.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.269-271
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• 2015

Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer is a well-established method for treatment of irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. We report on an anterolateral mini-open technique with a porcine dermal patch augmentation for latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. Use of this technique would result in avoidance of deltoid damage by anterolateral mini-open approach and reduction of failure rate by patch augmentation.