• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activity during a push-up on a suspension sling and a fixed support at the same level. Tests were performed on 15 male subjects. Electromyography using a surface EMG recorded the activity of the triceps, pectoralis major, and internal and external oblique muscles during each push-up. EMG activity was recorded at 0, 45, and 90 degrees of elbow flexion in the push-up position on a suspension sling or a fixed support at the same height above the floor (30 cm). The testing order was selected randomly. The subjects were asked to maintain the push-up position with straight knees, hips, and trunk for 5 seconds at each elbow angle. The mean root mean square (RMS) of EMG activity was calculated. EMG activity was normalized using the maximum voluntary isometric contractιn elicited using a manual muscle testing technique. Two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the average RMS value of EMG activity for each condition. The EMG activity for the pectoralis major, and internal and external oblique muscles during a push-up on a sling was significantly higher than on a fixed support at all angles of elbow flexion (p<.01). There were significant differences in the EMG activity of the pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles at difference angles of elbow flexion (p<.05). The pectoralis major muscle had the highest EMG activity at 90 degrees of elbow flexion on both the sling and fixed support. The triceps brachii muscle had the highest EMG activity at 45 degrees of elbow flexion on both the sling and fixed support. The internal and external oblique muscles had the highest EMG activity at 0 degrees of elbow flexion, although the difference with angle of flexion was not significant. These results suggest that to improve proximal and trunk stability and muscle strength, push-ups are more useful when performed on a suspension sling than On a fixed support.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2002

A decrease in the birthrate and aging are progressing in Japan and several countries. In that society, it is important that physically weak persons such as elderly persons are able to take care of themselves. We have been developing exoskeletal robots for human (especially for physically weak persons) motion support. In this study, the controller controls the angular position and impedance of the exoskeltal robot system using multiple fuzzy-neuro controllers based on biological signals that reflect the human subject's intention. Skin surface electromyogram (EMG) signals and the generated wrist force by the human subject during the elbow motion have been used as input information of the controller. Since the activation level of working muscles tends to vary in accordance with the flexion angle of elbow, multiple fuzzy-neuro controllers are applied in the proposed method. The multiple fuzzy-neuro controllers are moderately switched in accordance with the elbow flexion angle. Because of the adaptation ability of the fuzzy-neuro controllers, the exoskeletal robot is flexible enough to deal with biological signal such as EMG. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.4 s.76
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

The evaluation of elastic-plastic fracture characteristic was investigated in ferrite steel SA 516- Gr70 used for reactor coolant piping elbow and support skirt of pressure vessels. This paper describes the effect of temperature on J-R curve characteristic of this material. The elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameter J is obtained with unloading compliance method. The test method were analyzed according to ASTM E 813-89 and E 1152-89. Unloading compliance $J_{IC}$ tests were performed on 1 CT specimens at varied temperatures from $25^{\circ}C$ to about $400^{\circ}C$ using a high temperature extensometer. At all temperature, valid $J_{IC}$ measurements could be made and $J_{IC}$ decreased with increasing temperature. SEM fractography schematically illustrates microvoid initiation, growth and coalescence at the tip of a preexisting crack.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.949-950
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• 2011

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2024

Background: The Discovery Elbow System (DES) utilizes a polyethylene bearing within the ulnar component. An exchange bearing requires preoperative freezing and implantation within 2 minutes of freezer removal to allow insertion. We report our outcomes and experience using this technique. Methods: This was an analysis of a two-surgeon consecutive series of DES bearing exchange. Inclusion criteria included patients in which exchange was attempted with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Clinical and radiographic review was performed 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10 years postoperative. Outcome measures included range of movement, Oxford Elbow Score (OES), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), complications and requirement for revision surgery. Results: Eleven DESs in 10 patients were included. Indications were bearing wear encountered during humeral component revision (n=5); bearing failure (n=4); and infection treated with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR; n=2). Bearing exchange was conducted on the first attempt in 10 cases. One case required a second attempt. One patient developed infection postoperatively managed with two-stage revision. Mean follow-up of the bearing exchange DES was 3 years. No further surgery was required, with no infection recurrence in DAIR cases. Mean elbow flexion-extension and pronosupination arcs were 107°(±22°) and 140° (±26°). Mean OES was 36/48 (±12) and MEPS was 83/100 (±19). Conclusions: Our results support the use of DES bearing exchange in cases of bearing wear with well-fixed stems or acute infection. This series provides surgeons managing DES arthroplasty with management principles, successful and reproducible surgical techniques and expected clinical outcomes in performing DES polyethylene bearing exchange. Level of evidence: IV.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.493-500
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• 2012

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of self-controlled feedback on proprioception in elbow flexion. METHODS: Thirty young adult volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to one of three groups (self-controlled, yoked, control). Power and velocity in elbow flexion was measured by PRIMUS RS (BTE Tech., Hanover, U.S.A). Statistical analysis was used multivariate ANOVA to know effect of self-controlled feedback on proprioception in elbow flexion. Post hoc was used Scheffe. RESULTS: In acquisition phase to practice effect, variable errors in self-controlled group was significantly low scored more than yoked and control group. In retention phase to learning effect, variable errors in self-controlled group was significantly low scored more than yoked and control group. CONCLUSION: Self-controlled feedback was more effective on movement control when the learner could make a decision about receiving feedback after the trial. This seems to support the view that self-controlled feedback benefits learning, because learners can make a decision about feedback based on their performance on a given trial.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1997

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of head and neck(HN) position in the transverse plane on the static production of elbow extension force in the involved(paretic) upper extremity of patients with hemiparesis. On this study, thirty patients who had experienced a cerebrovascular accident were matched with neurologically intact subjects. Force of static elbow extension was tested with a hand-held dynamometer, twice with the HN rotated toward the paretic side and twice with the HN rotated toward the non-paretic side. Elbow extension force differed significantly with the HN in the two position in patients with hemiparesis but not in normal persons(${\alpha}$=0.05). Results of this study support the conclusion that HN position in the transverse plane influences the production of static elbow extension force on the paretic side in patients with hemiparesis.

• Plant Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2012

Pipe means the connection of the tube in order to transfer fluid from one device to another device. The piping stress analysis is to analyze the structural stability considering the location and the features of piping support after completing the piping design, The allowable stresses comply with the requirements of the relevant standards by examining whether the support of the function and location of pipe or re-operation is confirmed. Allowable stresses are to make sure that the maximum stress should not exceed the allowable stress presented in the ASME B31.1 POWER PIPING code. ASME B31.1 POWER PIPING code ensures a smooth stress analysis can be performed during the initial pipe stress analysis as provided in the case of straight pipe to the horizontal distance between the supports. However, because there is no criteria set in the case of curved pipe, the optimum pipe supporting points were studied in this paper. As mentioned about the curved pipe, loads applied to the support of the position of 17% and 83% of the position relative to the elbow part have results similar to the load acting on the support of straight pipe.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.9-10
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• 2007

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.537-539
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• 2008

A 6 month-old male Labrador retriever was presented for intermittent lameness on the left forelimb after exercise. The dog was suffering progressive lameness that had started two months before. On mediolateral radiographic view of the left elbow, proximal margin of the anconeal process was irregular. A lucent, indistinct line separating the anconeal process from the ulna was observed, when the elbow joint was flexed. The lateral approach to the elbow joint was used and the ununited anconeal process was removed. The limb was bandaged after surgery for 7 days to support soft tissue and exercises were restricted. The dog showed normal limb function 3 weeks after surgery. On a telephone conversation with the owner 18 months after surgery, the dog was reported to maintain normal function of the limb.