• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.387-388
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• 2006

The influence of porosity (P) on Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio $(\upsilon)$ of sintered steels produced from four types of steel powders was investigated. The values of E and $(\upsilon)$ depend mainly on the value of P, and those were a little affected by alloying elements. The relationships between E, $(\upsilon)$, and P were described as following equations: $E\;=\;E_0{\cdot}(1\;-\;k_E{\cdot}P)^2$ and $\upsilon\;=\;({\upsilon}_0\;-\;\upsilon_{sub}){\cdot}(1\;-\;k_{\upsilon}{\cdot}P)2+\upsilon_{sub}$, where subscript 0 means P = 0, and $k_E,\;k_{\upsilon}$ and ${\upsilon}_{sub}$ are empirical constants. These approximate equations showed good agreement with empirical results.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2022

Prediction of soil behavior should be interpreted based on the level of axial strain in the actual ground. Recently numerical methods have been carried out focus on the state of soil failure. However considered the deformation of soil the prior to failure, mostly the small strain occurring in the elastic range is considered. As a result of calculating the deformation modulus to 50% of the maximum unconfined compression strength, Deformation modulus (E50) showed a tendency to increase according to the degree of compaction by region. The Poisson's ratio during loading-unloading was 0.63, which was higher than the literature value of 0.5. For the unconfined compression test under cyclic loading for the measurement of permanent strain, the maximum compression strength was divided into four step and the test was performed by load step. Changes in permanent strain and deformation modulus were checked by the loading-unloading test for each stage. At 90% compaction, the permanent deformation of the SM sample was 0.21 mm, 0.37 mm, 0.6 mm, and 1.35 mm. The SC samples were 0.1 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.42 mm, and 1.66 mm, and the ML samples were 0.48 mm, 0.95 mm, 1.30 mm, and 1.68 mm.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.611-617
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• 1991

Effective stiffness of short fiber composite with a three-dimensional random orientation of fibers is derived theoretically and compared with available experimental data. The laminate analogy and transformed laminate analogy are used for modulus prediction of 2-D and 3-D random composites, respectively. The effective stiffness of random oriented fiber composite can be expressed in terms of longitudinal and transverse stiffnesses of unidirectional composites. The result of transformed laminate analogy is more accurate than other approaches such as, Christensen-Waals equational and Lavengood-Goettler equation, etc. Also the effective properties of random oriented fiber composite can be expressed in terms of fiber and matrix properties such as elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2011

Israel's coastal region consists, mainly, of Pleistocene and Holocene sands with varying degrees of calcareous cementation, known locally as "kurkar". Previous studies of these materials emphasized the difficulty in their geotechnical characterization, due to their extreme variability. Consequently, it is difficult to estimate construction stability, displacements and deformations on, or within these soils. It is suggested that SPT and Menard pressuremeter tests may be used to characterize the properties of these materials. Values of elastic modulus obtained from pressuremeter tests may be used for displacement analyses at different strain levels, while accounting for the geometric dimensions (length/diameter ratio) of the test probe. A relationship was obtained between pressuremeter modulus and SPT blow count, consistent with published data for footing settlements on granular soils. Cohesion values, for a known friction angle, are estimated, by comparing field pressuremeter curves to curves from numerical (finite element or finite difference) analyses. The material analyzed in the paper is shown to be strain-softening, with the initial cohesion degrading to zero on development of plastic shear strains.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.647-650
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• 2004

This paper deals with the damage assessment of the concrete beam using Damage-area concept and the modulus of elasticity reduction of the beam was evaluated. Simply supported concrete beams were loaded at the mid-span. When the displacements from the tests were increased more than $10\%$ of the initial values, flexural cracks occured. Judging from the observed cracks, damaged area of the beams were assumed and the modulus of elasticity reduction using the smeared-cracking concept was estimated to minimize the error between the test results and analytical results. Main parameters for the assessment were height of the crack area, length of the crack area, position of the crack area and the modulus of elastic reduction ratio. In each stage, damaged elements and their stiffness reduction were estimated to minimized the error.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.843-849
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• 2010

This paper presents definition of symmetry of a ship section where three symmetries are proposed: material, geometric, and load symmetries. Precise terminologies of centroid, moment plane, and neutral axis plane are also defined. It is suggested that force vector equilibrium as well as force equilibrium are necessary condition to determine new position of neutral axis due to translational and rotational mobility. It is also stated that new reference datum of ENMP(elastic neutral moment plane), PNMP(fully plastic moment plane), ENAP(elastic neutral axis plane), and INAP(inelastic neutral moment plane) are required to define asymmetric section properties such as second moment of area, elastic section modulus, yield moment, fully plastic moment, and ultimate moment. Since collision-induced damage and flooding-induced biaxial bending moment produce typical asymmetry of section, the section properties are calculated for a typical VLCC. Geometry asymmetry is determined from ABS and DNV rules and two moment planes of 0/30 degs are assumed for load asymmetry. It is proved that the property reduction ratios directly calculated from second moment of area are usually larger than area reduction ratio. Reduction ratio of ultimate moment capacity shows almost linearly proportional to area reduction ratio. Mobility of elastic and inelastic neutral axis planes is visually provided.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2022

The tensile properties of the extruded PC film were measured in the extrusion direction and perpendicular to the extrusion direction. The measured properties were the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio at the glass transition temperature of PC. The measured orthotropic properties of the film were used for the computer simulation of vacuum forming. In this simulation, three mold shapes were tested: dome, trapezoid, and cubic, and the vacuum was applied between the mold surface and the heated film. The stress, strain, thickness, and stretch ratio distributions of the film in different mold shapes were observed and compared. The thermoforming simulation method used in this study and the obtained results, considering the determined orthotropic properties, can be applied to the thermoforming of various three-dimensional shapes.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 콘크리트 포장에 덧씌우기를 하였을 때 다축차륜하중에 의한 응력분포특성을 분석하기 위하여 변환영역에서의 해석법을 개발하였다. 덧씌우기는 기존의 슬래브와 완전히 부착이 되었을 경우와 전혀 부착이 되지 않았을 때의 두 가지 극한 조건을 기준으로 분석을 하였다. 차륜하중은 복륜단축, 복륜복축, 복륜삼축 등 복륜다축하중을 고려하였으며 덧씌우기의 두께, 탄성계수, 포아송비 등이 응력분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 변환영역에서의 해석법을 이용하여 덧씌우기 포장을 분석하는 방법에 대하여 상세히 설명하였으며 해석결과의 정확성은 유한요소법을 이용한 해석결과와 비교하여 검증하였다. 해석을 수행한 결과 덧씌우기의 두께, 탄성계수, 포아송비의 증가는 기존 슬래브 하부의 최대인장응력을 감소시키며 감소 정도는 부착 덧씌우기가 비부착 덧씌우기에 비해 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 덧씌우기의 포아송비가 응력에 미치는 영향은 그리 크지 않은 것을 알 수 있었으며 부착과 비부착 덧씌우기 포장에서 덧씌우기의 두께 및 탄성계수의 증가에 따른 기존슬래브의 최대응력 감소특성도 분석하였다. 그리고 하중의 축수에 따른 부착과 비부착 덧씌우기 포장의 응력분포 및 최대응력특성도 분석하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2016

이 연구에서는 강섬유 혼입률에 따른 초고성능 강섬유 보강 콘크리트(UHPC)의 압축거동에 관한 연구를 수행하였으며, 실험결과를 바탕으로 강섬유 보강 콘크리트의 압축강도와 탄성계수를 제안하였다. 지름 100 mm, 높이 200 mm의 원주형 공시체에는 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 그리고 2%의 강섬유가 혼입되었다. 실험에 사용된 UHPC는 굵은골재를 사용하지 않았으며, 16 mm와 19 mm의 강섬유가 일정비율로 혼입된 하이브리드 강섬유가 사용되었다. 실험결과, UHPC의 압축강도와 탄성계수는 강섬유 혼입률에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 강섬유 보강 콘크리트의 압축강도와 탄성계수가 제안되었다. 강섬유 보강 콘크리트의 압축강도는 무보강 콘크리트의 압축강도의 함수로 제안되었으며, 탄성계수는 강섬유 보강 콘크리트의 압축강도의 함수로 제안하였다. 기존 실험값과 비교한 결과 제안된 압축강도와 탄성계수는 실험값을 비교적 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났으며, 압축강도가 35~235 MPa인 강섬유 보강 콘크리트에 적용가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.276-281
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 이론적인 계산 모델을 이용하여 다양한 섬유 다발 구조를 갖는 직조섬유강화 복합재의 탄성 거동을 예측하였다. 직조 복합재의 기계적 물성을 대표할 수 있는 대표체적요소 (RVE)을 설정하였으며, 직조 다발의 굴곡을 다양한 정현파 함수로 정의하였다. 고전적층이론 (CLPT)를 이용하여 영률, 전단 탄성계수, 포아송비와 같은 직조복합재의 유효물성을 예측하였다. 섬유 다발의 구조와 형태 (평직, 능직)에 따라 섬유 부피 분율을 계산하였으며 각각의 탄성 거동을 이론적인 계산 모델을 통해 예측하였다. 또한, 이론적 예측 결과의 검증을 위해 진공수지주입(VARTM) 공정을 사용하여 평직 및 능직 형태의 복합재 시편을 제작 후 물성 시험을 진행하여 실험 결과를 이론적 예측 결과와 비교하였다. 결과적으로 직조 복합재의 탄성 거동에 대한 이론적 결과와 실험 결과 간에 매우 높은 정확도를 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.