• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1995

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone, is isolated from the leafy portion of the Artemisia annua and has been known to be effective against Plasmodium species. Since the genera of Plasmodium and Eimeria(E) tenella are included the same order, Eucoccidiidae, it is presumed that artemisinin may also be effective against E tenella. In order to study the anticoccididal effects of artemisinin, the chickens inoculated with E tenella were treated with artemisinin at different concentrations as feed additive and the results were compared to those of non-medicated, infected control(NIC) and non-medicated, non-infected control(NNC) group. Artemisinin demonstrated anticoccidial effects by showing, compared to NIC group, improved results in all parameters, such as bloody diarrhea, lesion scores, the numbers of excreted oocystis in feces, body weight gain and feed conversion rate. Anticoccidial index(ACI) of artemisinin treated group (5ppm~50ppm) was higher than that of NIC group. Improvements were greatest in the group treated with artemisinin 50ppm with an ACI of 147.6. These results indicate that artemisinin has anticoccidial effects on the Eimeria tenella.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1995

The herb, Artemisia(A) annua, a member of the composital family, has been used successfully for malaria(Plasmodium sp) patients in china. Since the genera of Plasmodium and Eimeria(E) tenella are related, it is presumed that A annua may also be effective against E tenella. In order to study the anticoccidial effects of A annua the chickens inoculated with E tenella were treated with the extract of A annua in drinking water and the results were compared to those of non-medicated, infected control(NIC) and non-medicated, non-infected control(NNC) group. A annua demonstrated anticoccidial effects by showing, compared to NIC group, improved results in all parameters, such as bloody diarrhea, lesion scores, the numbers of excereted oocysts in feces, body weight gain and feed conversion rate. Anticoccidial index(ACI) of the A annua treated group (123.4) was higher than that of NIC group (96.9). These results indicate that Artemisia annua has anticoccidial effects on the Eimeria tenella.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 1992

부화계란의 요막강로 접종된 Eimeria tenella의 sporozoites는 장요막에서 그들의 생활사를 완성하였으며 살아있는 성숙 충난을 생산하였다. 또한 이 원충은 변화계란에서의 연속계대를 통하여 지속적으로 형요막에 적응하여 변화계란내 계대회수가 증가함에 따라 변화계란에서의 생산성은 증가되는 반면에 병원성은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2012

Apoptosis is a host defense mechanism that the cell uses to limit production of infectious pathogens. Although many bacteria, viruses and parasites can induce apoptosis in infected cells, some pathogens usually exhibit the ability to suppress the induction of apoptosis in the infected cells. Sophisticated evasion strategies of obligate intracellular parasites, in particular prevention of host cell apoptosis, are necessary to ensure successful replication. To study the ability of Eimeria tenella in this regard, in vitro experiments were performed applying Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells as host cell. We have demonstrated that productive infection of adherent cell lines by E. tenella resulted in an anti-apototic effect. This phenomenon was confirmed using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated (TdT) deoxyuridine triphosphates (dUTP)-fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to detect apoptosis. Therefore, E. tenella could complete its cycle of productive infection while inducing anti-apoptosis in the infected cells. This finding might have implications for the pathobiology of E. tenella and other Eimeria species.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Protozoan parasite, the genus Eimeria, causes an intestinal disease, coccidiosis, in young broilers. Coccidiosis induces significant economic loss in poultry production. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in broilers in Gyeonggi province, Korea. Fecal samples from broilers at 94 farms were collected in two chicken slaughterhouses between March and June 2015. Eimeria infection was determined by microscopic examination and PCR using ITS-1 region. The prevalence of Eimeria was 58.5% (55 of 94). E. acervulina was identified in 96.4% of samples, E. tenella in 81.8%, E. maxima in 12.7%, E. praecox in 12.7%, E. brunetti in 5.5%, E. necatrix in 1.8%, and E. mitis in 1.8%. Body weight (BW) of broilers infected with both E. tenella and E. acervulina ($mean=1.53{\pm}0.19^Bkg$) was significantly lower than broilers with E. acervulina positive/E. tenalla negative ($mean=1.74{\pm}0.07^Akg$) or Eimeria negative ($mean=1.65{\pm}0.15^Akg$) (Duncan's multiple range test, P<0.01). High prevalence of Eimeria tenella and the impact on the broiler body weight shows the importance of this protozoa in broiler industry. Development of the periodic monitoring strategy and systemic management for the purpose of the prevention/eradication of Eimeria infection among broilers is required.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1990

닭콕시듐 원충에 대한 Lysococ소독제의 약제농도 및 접촉시간에 따른 소독효과를 측정코자 국내 분리 Eimeria nella 충의 미포자충란에 대한 포자형성 억제시험 및 포자충란에 대한 살충 효과시험을 실시하였다. 미포자충란에 대한 Lysococ소독제의 포자형성 억제효과는 4％농도로 30분 접촉시 매우 우수하였으며 5％농도에서는 10분 접촉시 완전한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 부유시험에 의한 Lysococ소독제의 포자충란에 대한 살충효과는 4％농도 10분이상 접촉시 완전하였으며, 충란 운반체시험에서는 4％농도 90분 및 5％농도 60분 접촉 시 완전한 살충효과를 나타내었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.435-438
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• 2014

The disinfectant effects (DEs) of 10 types of chemicals, defined by their ability to destroy or inhibit oocysts and consequently prevent sporulation of Eimeria tenella field isolate, were evaluated in vitro. Correct species assignments and sample purities were confirmed by the singular internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-PCR analysis. A total of 18 treatments were performed, and the disinfection suppression levels were 75.9% for 39% benzene + 22% xylene (1:10 dilution), 85.5% for 30% cresol soup (1:1 dilution), and 91.7% for 99.9% acetic acid (1:2 dilution) group. The results indicate that acetic acid, cresol soup, and benzene+xylene are good candidates for suppression of E. tenella oocyst sporulation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.30.1-30.6
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• 2022

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.335-338
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• 1994

The tests on the oocysticidal effects of three formulations (75% o-dichlorobenzene, 7.5% cresol combined with morestan 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, respectively) against immature oocysts of Eimeria tenella, were carried out. A o-dichlorobenzene preparation (72.5% o-dichlorobenzene, 7.5% cresol) on the market was selected and tested as the control. The tests were divided into two ways, the one was evaluated at different dilutions and contact times. The other was performed at different storage days. The test results are summarized as follows. Oocysticidal effects of 100% were revealed at 1 to 3 hours contact time of all morestan combined preparations. On the other hand, the perfect oocysticidal effect was revealed only at 24 hours exposure time of 100 times dilution among dilutes of control preparation. Combined rate of morestan was higher, oocysticidal effect was better. In the latter test, all morestan combined formulations had 100% of oocysticidal effect up to 5 days storage after dilution and 86.4% to 96.7% at two weeks storage after dilution, whereas the oocysticidal effects of the control preparation was gradually decreased by the storage time was passed and there was no effect at 2 weeks storage after dilution. With these results, morestan combined preparations have synergistic effect against oocysts of E tenella and can be used as the most effective oocysticidal disinfectant for broiler industry in future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2015

The effects of diclazuril on the bursa of Fabricius (BF) structure and secretory IgA (SIgA) expression in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella were examined. The morphology of the BF was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, while ultrastructural changes were monitored by transmission electron microscopy. E. tenella infection caused the BF cell volumes to decrease, irregularly arranged, as well as, enlargement of the intercellular space. Diclazuril treatment alleviated the physical signs of damages associated with E. tenella infection. The SIgA expression in BF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique. The SIgA expression increased significantly by 350.4% (P<0.01) after E. tenella infection compared to the normal control group. With the treatment of diclazuril, the SIgA was relatively fewer in the cortex, and the expression level was significantly decreased by 46.7% (P<0.01) compared with the infected and untreated group. In conclusion, E. tenella infection in chickens induced obvious harmful changes in BF morphological structure and stimulated the expression of SIgA in the BF. Diclazuril treatment effectively alleviated the morphological changes. This result demonstrates a method to develop an immunological strategy in coccidiosis control.